Farish was probably born around mid-April, as he was baptized on 21 April 1759. Farish's father was the Reverend James Farish (1714–1783), vicar of Stanwix near Carlisle. Farish himself was educated at Carlisle Grammar School, entered Magdalene College, Cambridge, as a sizar in 1774, and graduated Senior Wrangler and first in Smith's Prize in 1778.[5] As tutor in 1792, Farish developed the concept of gradingstudents' work quantitatively.[6]
He was Professor of Chemistry at Cambridge from 1794 to 1813, lecturing on chemistry's practical application.[7] Farish's lectures as professor of chemistry, which were oriented towards natural philosophy while the professor of natural and experimental philosophy F. J. H. Wollaston (1762–1828) gave very chemically oriented lectures.[8] From 1813 to 1837 Farish was Jacksonian Professor of Natural Philosophy. In 1819 Professor Farish became the first president of the Cambridge Philosophical Society.
At Cambridge University, according to Hilkens (1967), Farish was "the first man to teach the construction of machines as a subject in its own right instead of merely using mechanisms as examples to illustrate the principles of theoretical physics or applied mathematics."[9] He further became "famous for his work in applying chemistry and mechanical science to arts and manufactures".[10]
Isometric projectionedit
Optimal-grinding engine model (1822), drawn in 30° isometric.[11]
In his lectures on the mechanical principles of machinery used in manufacturing industries, Farish often used models to illustrated particular principles. This models were often especially assembled for these lectures and disassembled for storage afterwards. In order to explain how these models were to be assembled he had developed a drawing technique, which he called "Isometrical Perspective".[12]
Although the concept of an isometric had existed in a rough way for centuries, William Farish is generally regarded as the first to provide rules for isometric drawing.[13] In the 1822 paper "On Isometrical Perspective" Farish recognized the "need for accurate technical working drawings free of optical distortion. This would lead him to formulate isometry. Isometry means "equal measures" because the same scale is used for height, width, and depth".[14]
From the middle of the 19th century, according to Jan Krikke (2006)[14] isometry became an "invaluable tool for engineers, and soon thereafter axonometry and isometry were incorporated in the curriculum of architectural training courses in Europe and the U.S. The popular acceptance of axonometry came in the 1920s, when modernist architects from the Bauhaus and De Stijl embraced it".[14] De Stijl architects like Theo van Doesburg used "axonometry for their architectural designs, which caused a sensation when exhibited in Paris in 1923".[14]
Worksedit
1796. A plan of a course of lectures on arts and manufactures : more particularly such as relate to chemistry.
1822. "On Isometrical Perspective". In: Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 1
1849. Professor Farish on Isometrical Drawing. J.P. Pirsson.
Referencesedit
^Patrick Maynard (2005). Drawing distinctions: the varieties of graphic expression. p.25.
^K Hoskin (1979), The examination, disciplinary power and rational schooling
^C Stray (2001), The Shift from Oral to Written Examination: Cambridge and Oxford 1700–1900
^GF Madaus, LM O'Dwyer (1999), Short History of Performance Assessment: Lessons Learned.
^"Farish, William (FRS774W)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
^Snezana Lawrence (2003). "History of Descriptive Geometry in England" In: Proceedings of the First International Congress on Construction History, Madrid, 20th-24th January 2003. ed. S. Huerta, Madrid: I. Juan de Herrera, SEdHC, ETSAM, A. E. Benvenuto, COAM, F. Dragados, 2003.
^Barclay G. Jones (1986). Protecting historic architecture and museum collections from natural disasters. University of Michigan. ISBN0-409-90035-4. p.243.
^ abcdJ. Krikke (1996). "A Chinese perspective for cyberspace?". In: International Institute for Asian Studies Newsletter, 9, Summer 1996.
william, farish, chemist, william, farish, 1759, 1837, british, scientist, professor, chemistry, natural, philosophy, university, cambridge, known, development, method, isometric, projection, development, first, written, university, examination, portrait, will. William Farish 1759 1837 was a British scientist who was a professor of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy at the University of Cambridge known for the development of the method of isometric projection and development of the first written university examination 1 2 3 4 Portrait of William Farish 1815 Contents 1 Biography 2 Work 2 1 Isometric projection 3 Works 4 ReferencesBiography editFarish was probably born around mid April as he was baptized on 21 April 1759 Farish s father was the Reverend James Farish 1714 1783 vicar of Stanwix near Carlisle Farish himself was educated at Carlisle Grammar School entered Magdalene College Cambridge as a sizar in 1774 and graduated Senior Wrangler and first in Smith s Prize in 1778 5 As tutor in 1792 Farish developed the concept of grading students work quantitatively 6 He was Professor of Chemistry at Cambridge from 1794 to 1813 lecturing on chemistry s practical application 7 Farish s lectures as professor of chemistry which were oriented towards natural philosophy while the professor of natural and experimental philosophy F J H Wollaston 1762 1828 gave very chemically oriented lectures 8 From 1813 to 1837 Farish was Jacksonian Professor of Natural Philosophy In 1819 Professor Farish became the first president of the Cambridge Philosophical Society Farish was also Vicar of St Giles and St Peter from 1800 to 1837 He extensively remodelled St Giles Church Cambridge increasing the accommodation from 100 to 600 seats Work editAt Cambridge University according to Hilkens 1967 Farish was the first man to teach the construction of machines as a subject in its own right instead of merely using mechanisms as examples to illustrate the principles of theoretical physics or applied mathematics 9 He further became famous for his work in applying chemistry and mechanical science to arts and manufactures 10 Isometric projection edit nbsp Optimal grinding engine model 1822 drawn in 30 isometric 11 In his lectures on the mechanical principles of machinery used in manufacturing industries Farish often used models to illustrated particular principles This models were often especially assembled for these lectures and disassembled for storage afterwards In order to explain how these models were to be assembled he had developed a drawing technique which he called Isometrical Perspective 12 Although the concept of an isometric had existed in a rough way for centuries William Farish is generally regarded as the first to provide rules for isometric drawing 13 In the 1822 paper On Isometrical Perspective Farish recognized the need for accurate technical working drawings free of optical distortion This would lead him to formulate isometry Isometry means equal measures because the same scale is used for height width and depth 14 From the middle of the 19th century according to Jan Krikke 2006 14 isometry became an invaluable tool for engineers and soon thereafter axonometry and isometry were incorporated in the curriculum of architectural training courses in Europe and the U S The popular acceptance of axonometry came in the 1920s when modernist architects from the Bauhaus and De Stijl embraced it 14 De Stijl architects like Theo van Doesburg used axonometry for their architectural designs which caused a sensation when exhibited in Paris in 1923 14 Works edit1796 A plan of a course of lectures on arts and manufactures more particularly such as relate to chemistry 1822 On Isometrical Perspective In Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 1 1849 Professor Farish on Isometrical Drawing J P Pirsson References edit Patrick Maynard 2005 Drawing distinctions the varieties of graphic expression p 25 K Hoskin 1979 The examination disciplinary power and rational schooling C Stray 2001 The Shift from Oral to Written Examination Cambridge and Oxford 1700 1900 GF Madaus LM O Dwyer 1999 Short History of Performance Assessment Lessons Learned Farish William FRS774W A Cambridge Alumni Database University of Cambridge Postman Neil 1992 Technopoly The Surrender of Culture to Technology New York City Alfred A Knopf p 13 Anita McConnell Farish William 1759 1837 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press 2004 accessed 24 Oct 2008 R T Gunter 1937 Early Science in Cambridge Oxford 1937 Pages 230 2 Thomas John Norman Hilken 1967 Cambridge University 1783 1965 p 38 Rollo Appleyard 1933 Charles Parsons his life and work Constable amp Co ltd p 19 William Farish 1822 On Isometrical Perspective In Cambridge Philosophical Transactions 1 1822 Snezana Lawrence 2003 History of Descriptive Geometry in England In Proceedings of the First International Congress on Construction History Madrid 20th 24th January 2003 ed S Huerta Madrid I Juan de Herrera SEdHC ETSAM A E Benvenuto COAM F Dragados 2003 Barclay G Jones 1986 Protecting historic architecture and museum collections from natural disasters University of Michigan ISBN 0 409 90035 4 p 243 a b c d J Krikke 1996 A Chinese perspective for cyberspace In International Institute for Asian Studies Newsletter 9 Summer 1996 Academic officesPreceded byIsaac Pennington Professor of Chemistry 1702 1794 1813 Succeeded bySmithson TennantPreceded byFrancis Wollaston Jacksonian Professor of Natural Philosophy1813 1837 Succeeded byRobert Willis Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title William Farish chemist amp oldid 1152693842, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
