William of Jülich-Cleves-Berge (William I of Cleves, William V of Jülich-Berg) (German: Wilhelm der Reiche; 28 July 1516 – 5 January 1592) was a Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (1539–1592). William was born in and died in Düsseldorf. He was the only son of John III, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, and Maria, Duchess of Jülich-Berg.[1] William took over rule of his father's estates (the Duchy of Cleves and the County of Mark) upon his death in 1539. Despite his mother having lived until 1543, William also became the Duke of Berg and Jülich and the Count of Ravensberg.
William's humanistic education was headed by Konrad Heresbach.[2] William in turn built a humanistic gymnasium in Dusseldorf in 1545.[2] He attempted to uphold the Erasmian church, but did little to stop Lutheranism from spreading through the populace.[2] After 1554, William appointed a Lutheran preacher to educate his sons.[2]
From 1538 to 1543, William held the neighbouring Duchy of Guelders, as successor of his distant relatives, the Egmond dukes. Emperor Charles V claimed this duchy for himself as the dukes had sold their right of heritage, and William tried to hold on to it. He made a treaty with the King of France and married Jeanne d'Albret, and with this backup dared to challenge the Emperor. All too soon he learned that the French did not lift a finger to help him, and he was overwhelmed and had to surrender. In accordance with the Treaty of Venlo (1543) that was the result of this war, Guelders and the County of Zutphen were transferred to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, combining them with the Habsburg Netherlands.
William then tried to strengthen his inherited territories and launched an impressive development project for the most important cities. The three duchies all got new main fortresses as major strongpoints, for the older medieval fortifications had proved to be no match against the Imperial artillery. The cities of Jülich, Düsseldorf and Orsoy became fortresses for the duchies of Jülich, Berg and Cleves respectively, and Jülich and Düsseldorf were turned into impressive residences. For this task, the renowned Italian architect Alessandro Pasqualini from Bologna was hired, who had already made some impressive display of his craft in the Netherlands. He made the plans for the fortifications and palaces, of which some traces still remain, especially at Jülich where the citadel (built 1548–1580) is a major landmark, with parts of the Renaissance palace still standing.
William married Jeanne d'Albret (1528–1572), heiress of Navarre as the daughter of King Henry II of Navarre and his wife Margaret of Valois-Angoulême, on 14 June 1541 when she was just 12 years old, but this political marriage was later annulled by papal dispensation on 12 October 1545.[2]
Bietenholz, Peter G.; Deutscher, Thomas Brian, eds. (2003). Contemporaries of Erasmus: A Biographical Register of the Renaissance and Reformation. Vol. 1–3. University of Toronto Press.
Ward, A.W. (1905). "The Empire under Rudolf II". In Ward, A.W.; Prothero, G.W.; Leathes, Stanley (eds.). The Cambridge Modern History. Vol. III. Cambridge at the University Press.
Ward, A.W.; Prothero, G.W.; Leathes, Stanley, eds. (1934). The Cambridge Modern History. Vol. XIII. Cambridge at the University Press.
Further readingedit
Darsie, Heather R. (2023). Children of the House of Cleves: Anna and Her Siblings. Amberley Publishing. ISBN9781445699424.
william, duke, jülich, cleves, berg, william, jülich, cleves, berge, william, cleves, william, jülich, berg, german, wilhelm, reiche, july, 1516, january, 1592, duke, jülich, cleves, berg, 1539, 1592, william, born, died, düsseldorf, only, john, duke, jülich, . William of Julich Cleves Berge William I of Cleves William V of Julich Berg German Wilhelm der Reiche 28 July 1516 5 January 1592 was a Duke of Julich Cleves Berg 1539 1592 William was born in and died in Dusseldorf He was the only son of John III Duke of Julich Cleves Berg and Maria Duchess of Julich Berg 1 William took over rule of his father s estates the Duchy of Cleves and the County of Mark upon his death in 1539 Despite his mother having lived until 1543 William also became the Duke of Berg and Julich and the Count of Ravensberg William the RichPortrait by Johan Malthain 1591Duke of Julich Cleves BergReign6 February 1539 5 January 1592PredecessorJohn IIISuccessorJohann WilhelmBorn28 July 1516Dusseldorf Duchy of BergDied5 January 1592 1592 01 05 aged 75 Dusseldorf Duchy of BergBurialCollegiate Church of St Lambertus DusseldorfSpousesJoan III of Navarre m 1541 ann 1545 wbr Archduchess Maria of Austria m 1546 died 1581 wbr IssueMarie Eleonore Duchess of PrussiaAnna Countess Palatine of NeuburgMagdalene Countess Palatine of ZweibruckenKarl Friedrich of Julich Cleves BergSibylle Margravine of BurgauJohann Wilhelm Duke of Julich Cleves BergHouseLa MarckFatherJohn III Duke of ClevesMotherMaria Duchess of Julich BergDuke William of Julich Cleves Berge engraving from Heinrich Aldegrever Contents 1 Life 2 Marriages and descendants 3 Ancestry 4 References 5 Sources 6 Further readingLife editWilliam s humanistic education was headed by Konrad Heresbach 2 William in turn built a humanistic gymnasium in Dusseldorf in 1545 2 He attempted to uphold the Erasmian church but did little to stop Lutheranism from spreading through the populace 2 After 1554 William appointed a Lutheran preacher to educate his sons 2 From 1538 to 1543 William held the neighbouring Duchy of Guelders as successor of his distant relatives the Egmond dukes Emperor Charles V claimed this duchy for himself as the dukes had sold their right of heritage and William tried to hold on to it He made a treaty with the King of France and married Jeanne d Albret and with this backup dared to challenge the Emperor All too soon he learned that the French did not lift a finger to help him and he was overwhelmed and had to surrender In accordance with the Treaty of Venlo 1543 that was the result of this war Guelders and the County of Zutphen were transferred to Charles V Holy Roman Emperor combining them with the Habsburg Netherlands William then tried to strengthen his inherited territories and launched an impressive development project for the most important cities The three duchies all got new main fortresses as major strongpoints for the older medieval fortifications had proved to be no match against the Imperial artillery The cities of Julich Dusseldorf and Orsoy became fortresses for the duchies of Julich Berg and Cleves respectively and Julich and Dusseldorf were turned into impressive residences For this task the renowned Italian architect Alessandro Pasqualini from Bologna was hired who had already made some impressive display of his craft in the Netherlands He made the plans for the fortifications and palaces of which some traces still remain especially at Julich where the citadel built 1548 1580 is a major landmark with parts of the Renaissance palace still standing William s sister Anne of Cleves was for six months the fourth wife of King Henry VIII of England Through his daughter Marie Eleonore he is ancestor of Marie Louise of Hesse Kassel wife of John William Friso Prince of Orange therefore ancestor of all the current European monarchs citation needed Marriages and descendants editWilliam married Jeanne d Albret 1528 1572 heiress of Navarre as the daughter of King Henry II of Navarre and his wife Margaret of Valois Angouleme on 14 June 1541 when she was just 12 years old but this political marriage was later annulled by papal dispensation on 12 October 1545 2 William married Maria of Austria 1531 1581 daughter of Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor 2 and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary on 18 July 1546 and they had the following children Marie Eleonore 25 June 1550 1608 married Albert Frederick Duke of Prussia 3 Anna 1 March 1552 1632 married Philipp Ludwig Count Palatine of Neuburg 3 Magdalene 1553 1633 married John I Count Palatine of Zweibrucken brother of Philip Louis 3 Karl Friedrich 1555 1575 Hereditary Prince he died 20 years old Elizabeth 1556 1561 Sibylle 1557 1627 married Charles Margrave of Burgau a morganatic son of Ferdinand II Archduke of Austria and Philippine Welser 3 Johann Wilhelm 28 May 1562 25 March 1609 Bishop of Munster Duke of Julich Cleves Berg Count de la Marck Count of Ravensberg Lord of Ravenstein He was first married in 1585 to Jakobea of Baden died 1597 daughter of Philibert Margrave of Baden Baden He was secondly married to Antonia of Lorraine died 1610 daughter of Charles III Duke of Lorraine nbsp upper left Cleves upper right Julich down left Berg down right Mark over all RavensbergAncestry editAncestors of William Duke of Julich Cleves Berg16 Adolph I Duke of Cleves8 John I Duke of Cleves17 Marie of Burgundy4 John II Duke of Cleves18 John II Count of Nevers9 Elizabeth of Nevers19 Jacqueline d Ailly2 John III Duke of Cleves20 Louis I Landgrave of Hesse10 Henry III Landgrave of Hesse Marburg21 Anna of Saxony5 Matilda of Hesse22 Philipp I Count of Katzenelnbogen11 Anna of Katzenelnbogen23 Anna of Wurttemberg1 William Duke of Julich Cleves Berg24 William VIII of Julich Count of Ravensberg12 Gerhard VII Duke of Julich Berg25 Adelheid of Tecklenburg6 William IV Duke of Julich Berg26 Bernard II Duke of Saxe Lauenburg13 Sophie of Saxe Lauenburg27 Adelheid of Pomerania3 Maria of Julich Berg28 Frederick I Elector of Brandenburg14 Albert III Achilles Elector of Brandenburg29 Elisabeth of Bavaria Landshut7 Sibylle of Brandenburg30 Frederick II Elector of Saxony15 Anna of Saxony31 Margaret of AustriaReferences edit Ward Prothero amp Leathes 1934 p table 38 a b c d e f Bietenholz amp Deutscher 2003 p 316 a b c d Ward 1905 p 716 Sources editBietenholz Peter G Deutscher Thomas Brian eds 2003 Contemporaries of Erasmus A Biographical Register of the Renaissance and Reformation Vol 1 3 University of Toronto Press Ward A W 1905 The Empire under Rudolf II In Ward A W Prothero G W Leathes Stanley eds The Cambridge Modern History Vol III Cambridge at the University Press Ward A W Prothero G W Leathes Stanley eds 1934 The Cambridge Modern History Vol XIII Cambridge at the University Press Further reading editDarsie Heather R 2023 Children of the House of Cleves Anna and Her Siblings Amberley Publishing ISBN 9781445699424 William Duke of Julich Cleves BergHouse of La MarckBorn 28 July 1516 Died 5 January 1592Preceded byCharles II Duke of GueldersCount of Zutphen1538 1543 Succeeded byCharles IIIPreceded byJohn III Duke of Cleves Julich and BergCount of Mark and Ravensberg1539 1592 Succeeded byJohn William Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title William Duke of Julich Cleves Berg amp oldid 1167622672, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
