Józef Gosławski (1908-1963) - Polish sculptor and medal artist. He spent his childhood and also the occupation years in Wąwolnica.[2]
Stanisław Gosławski (1918-2008) - Polish sculptor and author of many works of decorative arts. He was born in Wąwolnica on 7 September 1918.[3]
Legendary originsedit
According to legend, around the seventh century AD (some sources mention that it was probably 721) Prince Krak came from Kraków. Visiting the area, he found the site of the current Wąwolnica, which he named Wąwelnica - from the name of his home (Wawel). The coat of arms of the town shows St. George (Prince Krak was believed to have slain the Wawel Dragon).[citation needed]
Historyedit
Wąwolnica is one of the oldest settlements in Lesser Poland (initially as part of the Sandomierz voivodeship, and later in the Lublin voivodeship). Together with Bochotnica it formed the heart of the local administrative unit. A manuscript stored at the Holy Cross monastery on Łysa Góra states: "In 1027 the Fathers of our monastery parish ministry did newly establish and newly convert to the Holy Faith the Wawelnica settlement." Traces of occupation go back to the Stone Age.
In the 13th century there already was a fortified town lying on a major highway leading from the commercial crossings on the Vistula river near present-day Kazimierz Dolny, via Rzeczyca, Wąwolnica to Lublin.
The parish chronicle has preserved a written record of mediaeval local history: "Haunted was the year 1278 for the Polish. The Tatar onslaught flooded it all. Lublin was devastated as most of the others were, then, in rushed legions on barbaric raids, set-up their main camp, and kept bringing in fresh blood dripping booty. Hundreds of thousands of unfortunate prisoners were destined to be slaves for the Khan." This event marks the beginning of the cult of the Virgin Mary of Kębło.
Before 1370, the village received its town charter and became a royal town. The castle (royal tower), the royal chapel of the church of St. Adalbert, and the defensive wall (to a thickness of 3 meters) were built. The reign of king Casimir the Great was considered Wąwolnica's heyday.
From 1444, castellan court proceedings were held in Wąwolnica by the Castellan of Lublin.
In 1448 there was a change in the town's legal status with the adoption of the Magdeburg law.
In 1458 king Casimir IV Jagiellon gave the parish to the Benedictines of the Holy Cross, who took over the patronage of the city and parish. The patronage expired in 1819 after the annulment of the law, the right of patronage over the parish went to Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski.
In the 16th century courts were held by the Governor for the nobility of Lublin.
In 1567 Wąwolnica was completely burnt. King Sigismund II Augustus ordered the Lublin voivodeJan Firlej to rebuild it, and so the city was moved to its new (present) location.
In 1638, the church for the Benedictine monastery was consecrated, converted from the former royal chapel.
From the 17th century the city declined severely, then was subsequently destroyed by the armies of Russia, Sweden, and Saxony.
In 1820, Wawolnica was down to 132 wooden houses and 4 brick houses, with 1,034 residents.
In 1870, the Tsarist authorities deprived Wąwolnica of civic rights as an act of reprisal for assisting the January Uprising.
In 1921, 1,043 Jews, representing 35% of the total population, lived in Wąwolnica.
In September 1939, Germany invaded Poland beginning World War II, and occupied Wąwolnica. They robbed and brutalized the Jewish population which had been around 900 before the war. In 1941, they confined them to a ghetto and conscripted many for forced labor. In March 1942, the SS took about 120 Jews to the cemetery and murdered them. Later in the month, the rest of the Jewish community was forcibly deported to Opole from where they were taken to the Bełżec death camp a few days later and murdered there. Only a few dozen of Wąwolnica's Jews survived the German occupation.[4]
In 1946, on 2 May, the village was burnt down by the UB for fostering the anti-communist underground. 101 homes, 106 barns, 121 cowsheds, 120 pigsties and other farm buildings were burned, many of them along with the livestock. Two people died in the fires, one person died of a heart attack, and many were injured.[5] By accident, the event was witnessed and photographed by John Vachon, a professional American photographer with the UNRRA mission in Poland, who happened to be travelling through the area. His photographs remained unpublished for decades and were only released after his death in 1975.
March 1942 massacre and the Jewish cemeteryedit
The monument at the Jewish cemetery, built by Sara Tregerman-Ryterski in 1993
On 22 March 1942, Nazis gathered all the Jewish men from Wąwolnica and Nałęczów in the main square of Wąwolnica and murdered them. The women had to carry the bodies and bury them in the Jewish cemetery.
Today only few tombstone fragments remained in the cemetery.
In 1993, Sara Tregerman-Ryterski (1917-2011), whose father and brothers were murdered in the massacre, built a monument (51°17′44″N22°09′35″E / 51.2955°N 22.1597°E / 51.2955; 22.1597) at the cemetery to commemorate the event. The monument contains inscriptions in Polish and Hebrew. The Polish inscription is a dedication to the eternal memory of the victims and to one of the men who raised from the bodies around him, pleaded to spare his life and in return was shot dead. The inscription in Hebrew is a dedication to the victims of the Tregerman family, whom she carried and buried in the cemetery: Her father David and her brothers Abraham Hirsch, Refael Mordechai and Pesach Noah.
Notable buildingsedit
The present parish church of St. Adalbert was built in 1907–1914. The church was designed by K. Drozdowski in the "neo-Vistula" style, with three naves in red brick. In 2001 Pope John Paul II raised the church to the status of minor basilica. A church has been present on the site since the 11th century.
Next to the church, in the presbytery of what remains of the old church, there is a statue of Virgin Mary of Kębło - the object of special veneration and numerous pilgrimages.
The Wąwolnica route passes through on the historic narrow-gauge Nałęczowskiej Commuter Rail. Tourist trains run on the route.
Referencesedit
^"Central Statistical Office (GUS) - TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal)" (in Polish). 1 June 2008.
^Rudzka, Anna (2009). Józef Gosławski. Rzeźby, monety, medale (in Polish). Warsaw: Alegoria. pp. 60–62. ISBN978-83-62248-00-1.
^Wysocka-Pikało, Joanna (4 August 2008). "Pożegnanie. Stanisław Gosławski. Artysta rzeźbiarz" (in Polish). zpaplublin.pl. Retrieved 2 March 2010.
^Megargee, Geoffrey (2012). Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos. Bloomington, Indiana: University of Indiana Press. p. Volume II 726-228. ISBN978-0-253-35599-7.
^"Pacyfikacja Wąwolnicy przez UB" (in Polish). Retrieved 28 January 2018.
April 10, 2024
wąwolnica, lublin, voivodeship, other, places, with, same, name, wąwolnica, wąwolnica, vɔlˈnit, village, puławy, county, lublin, voivodeship, eastern, poland, seat, gmina, administrative, district, called, gmina, wąwolnica, lies, approximately, kilometres, sou. For other places with the same name see Wawolnica Wawolnica vɔ vɔlˈnit sa is a village in Pulawy County Lublin Voivodeship in eastern Poland It is the seat of the gmina administrative district called Gmina Wawolnica It lies approximately 19 kilometres 12 mi south east of Pulawy and 31 km 19 mi west of the regional capital Lublin 1 WawolnicaVillageBasilica church of Saint AdalbertWawolnicaCoordinates 51 17 35 N 22 8 40 E 51 29306 N 22 14444 E 51 29306 22 14444Country PolandVoivodeshipLublinCountyPulawyGminaWawolnicaPopulation Total1 041The local football team is Wawolnica KS Wawel Castle Contents 1 People associated with Wawolnica 2 Legendary origins 3 History 4 March 1942 massacre and the Jewish cemetery 5 Notable buildings 6 Tourism 7 ReferencesPeople associated with Wawolnica editJozef Goslawski 1908 1963 Polish sculptor and medal artist He spent his childhood and also the occupation years in Wawolnica 2 Stanislaw Goslawski 1918 2008 Polish sculptor and author of many works of decorative arts He was born in Wawolnica on 7 September 1918 3 Legendary origins editAccording to legend around the seventh century AD some sources mention that it was probably 721 Prince Krak came from Krakow Visiting the area he found the site of the current Wawolnica which he named Wawelnica from the name of his home Wawel The coat of arms of the town shows St George Prince Krak was believed to have slain the Wawel Dragon citation needed History editWawolnica is one of the oldest settlements in Lesser Poland initially as part of the Sandomierz voivodeship and later in the Lublin voivodeship Together with Bochotnica it formed the heart of the local administrative unit A manuscript stored at the Holy Cross monastery on Lysa Gora states In 1027 the Fathers of our monastery parish ministry did newly establish and newly convert to the Holy Faith the Wawelnica settlement Traces of occupation go back to the Stone Age In the 13th century there already was a fortified town lying on a major highway leading from the commercial crossings on the Vistula river near present day Kazimierz Dolny via Rzeczyca Wawolnica to Lublin The parish chronicle has preserved a written record of mediaeval local history Haunted was the year 1278 for the Polish The Tatar onslaught flooded it all Lublin was devastated as most of the others were then in rushed legions on barbaric raids set up their main camp and kept bringing in fresh blood dripping booty Hundreds of thousands of unfortunate prisoners were destined to be slaves for the Khan This event marks the beginning of the cult of the Virgin Mary of Keblo Before 1370 the village received its town charter and became a royal town The castle royal tower the royal chapel of the church of St Adalbert and the defensive wall to a thickness of 3 meters were built The reign of king Casimir the Great was considered Wawolnica s heyday In 1409 Wladyslaw II Jagiello granted Wawolnicathe privilege of a market From 1444 castellan court proceedings were held in Wawolnica by the Castellan of Lublin In 1448 there was a change in the town s legal status with the adoption of the Magdeburg law In 1458 king Casimir IV Jagiellon gave the parish to the Benedictines of the Holy Cross who took over the patronage of the city and parish The patronage expired in 1819 after the annulment of the law the right of patronage over the parish went to Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski In the 16th century courts were held by the Governor for the nobility of Lublin In 1567 Wawolnica was completely burnt King Sigismund II Augustus ordered the Lublin voivode Jan Firlej to rebuild it and so the city was moved to its new present location In 1638 the church for the Benedictine monastery was consecrated converted from the former royal chapel From the 17th century the city declined severely then was subsequently destroyed by the armies of Russia Sweden and Saxony In 1795 Wawolnica became part of the Austrian partition of Poland From 1809 it belonged to the Duchy of Warsaw and from 1815 to the Congress Kingdom of Poland In 1819 the monastery was dissolved In 1820 Wawolnica was down to 132 wooden houses and 4 brick houses with 1 034 residents In 1870 the Tsarist authorities deprived Wawolnica of civic rights as an act of reprisal for assisting the January Uprising In 1921 1 043 Jews representing 35 of the total population lived in Wawolnica In September 1939 Germany invaded Poland beginning World War II and occupied Wawolnica They robbed and brutalized the Jewish population which had been around 900 before the war In 1941 they confined them to a ghetto and conscripted many for forced labor In March 1942 the SS took about 120 Jews to the cemetery and murdered them Later in the month the rest of the Jewish community was forcibly deported to Opole from where they were taken to the Belzec death camp a few days later and murdered there Only a few dozen of Wawolnica s Jews survived the German occupation 4 In 1946 on 2 May the village was burnt down by the UB for fostering the anti communist underground 101 homes 106 barns 121 cowsheds 120 pigsties and other farm buildings were burned many of them along with the livestock Two people died in the fires one person died of a heart attack and many were injured 5 By accident the event was witnessed and photographed by John Vachon a professional American photographer with the UNRRA mission in Poland who happened to be travelling through the area His photographs remained unpublished for decades and were only released after his death in 1975 March 1942 massacre and the Jewish cemetery edit nbsp nbsp nbsp The monument at the Jewish cemetery built by Sara Tregerman Ryterski in 1993 On 22 March 1942 Nazis gathered all the Jewish men from Wawolnica and Naleczow in the main square of Wawolnica and murdered them The women had to carry the bodies and bury them in the Jewish cemetery Today only few tombstone fragments remained in the cemetery In 1993 Sara Tregerman Ryterski 1917 2011 whose father and brothers were murdered in the massacre built a monument 51 17 44 N 22 09 35 E 51 2955 N 22 1597 E 51 2955 22 1597 at the cemetery to commemorate the event The monument contains inscriptions in Polish and Hebrew The Polish inscription is a dedication to the eternal memory of the victims and to one of the men who raised from the bodies around him pleaded to spare his life and in return was shot dead The inscription in Hebrew is a dedication to the victims of the Tregerman family whom she carried and buried in the cemetery Her father David and her brothers Abraham Hirsch Refael Mordechai and Pesach Noah Notable buildings editThe present parish church of St Adalbert was built in 1907 1914 The church was designed by K Drozdowski in the neo Vistula style with three naves in red brick In 2001 Pope John Paul II raised the church to the status of minor basilica A church has been present on the site since the 11th century Next to the church in the presbytery of what remains of the old church there is a statue of Virgin Mary of Keblo the object of special veneration and numerous pilgrimages Tourism editWawolnica is located on the edge of the Kazimierz Landscape Park between the major tourist centers of Pulawy Kazimierz Dolny and Naleczow The Wawolnica route passes through on the historic narrow gauge Naleczowskiej Commuter Rail Tourist trains run on the route References edit Central Statistical Office GUS TERYT National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal in Polish 1 June 2008 Rudzka Anna 2009 Jozef Goslawski Rzezby monety medale in Polish Warsaw Alegoria pp 60 62 ISBN 978 83 62248 00 1 Wysocka Pikalo Joanna 4 August 2008 Pozegnanie Stanislaw Goslawski Artysta rzezbiarz in Polish zpaplublin pl Retrieved 2 March 2010 Megargee Geoffrey 2012 Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos Bloomington Indiana University of Indiana Press p Volume II 726 228 ISBN 978 0 253 35599 7 Pacyfikacja Wawolnicy przez UB in Polish Retrieved 28 January 2018 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Wawolnica Lublin Voivodeship amp oldid 1176078757, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
