Hypervitaminosis is a condition of abnormally high storage levels of vitamins, which can lead to various symptoms as over excitement, irritability, or even toxicity. Specific medical names of the different conditions are derived from the given vitamin involved: an excess of vitamin A, for example, is called hypervitaminosis A. Hypervitaminoses are primarily caused by fat-soluble vitamins (D and A), as these are stored by the body for longer than the water-soluble vitamins.[1]
Generally, toxic levels of vitamins stem from high supplement intake and not always from natural sources but rather the mix of natural, derived vitamins and enhancers (vitamin boosters). Toxicities of fat-soluble vitamins can also be caused by a large intake of highly fortified foods, but natural food in modest levels rarely deliver extreme or dangerous levels of fat-soluble vitamins.[2] The Dietary Reference Intake recommendations from the United States Department of Agriculture define a "tolerable upper intake level" for most vitamins.
For those who are entirely healthy and do not experience long periods of avitaminosis, vitamin overdose can be avoided by not taking more than the normal or recommended amount of multi-vitamin supplement shown on the bottle and not ingesting multiple vitamin-containing supplements concurrently.[3]
Eye irritation and/or increased sensitivity to light
Irregular and/or rapid heartbeat
Bone and joint pain (associated with avitaminosis)
Muscle pain
Confusion and mood changes (e.g. irritability, inability to focus)
Convulsions
Fatigue
Headache
Flushing of skin (associated with niacin (vitamin B3) overdose)
Skin disturbances (e.g. dryness, itching, cracking of skin, rashes, increased sensitivity to sun)
Changes of hair texture (e.g. thickening and/or clumping of hair)
Appetite loss
Constipation (associated with iron or calcium overdose)
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhoea
Moderate weight loss (more commonly seen in long-term overdose cases)
CausesEdit
With few exceptions, like some vitamins from B-complex, hypervitaminosis usually occurs with the fat-soluble vitamins A and D, which are stored, respectively, in the liver and fatty tissues of the body. These vitamins build up and remain for a longer time in the body than water-soluble vitamins.[2] Conditions include:
Prevention in healthy individuals not having any periods of avitaminosis or vitamin (vegetables) lack for 2 years at least is by not taking more than the expected normal or recommended amount of vitamin supplements.[3]
EpidemiologyEdit
In the United States, overdose exposure to all formulations of "vitamins" (which includes multi-vitamin/mineral products) was reported by 62,562 individuals in 2004 with nearly 80% of these exposures in children under the age of 6, leading to 53 "major" life-threatening outcomes and 3 deaths (2 from vitamins D and E; 1 from a multivitamin with iron).[4] This may be compared to the 19,250 people who died of unintentional poisoning of all kinds in the U.S. in the same year (2004).[5] In 2016, overdose exposure to all formulations of vitamins and multi-vitamin/mineral formulations was reported by 63,931 individuals to the American Association of Poison Control Centers with 72% of these exposures in children under the age of five. No deaths were reported.[6]
^"Office of Dietary Supplements - Vitamin A". ods.od.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
^ abSizer, Frances Sienkiewicz; Ellie Whitney (2008). Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies (11 ed.). United States of America: Thomson Wadsworth. pp. 221, 235. ISBN978-0-495-39065-7.
^ abc"Multiple vitamin overdose". MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 2019-01-28. Retrieved 2019-02-11. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^Gummin DD, Mowry JB, Spyker DA, Brooks DE, Fraser MO, Banner W (2017). "2016 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 34th Annual Report" (PDF). Clinical Toxicology. 55 (10): 1072–1254. doi:10.1080/15563650.2017.1388087. PMID 29185815.
External linksEdit
Dietary reference intakes, official website.
October 21, 2023
hypervitaminosis, this, lead, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, this, lead, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, . This lead needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this lead Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Hypervitaminosis news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message Hypervitaminosis is a condition of abnormally high storage levels of vitamins which can lead to various symptoms as over excitement irritability or even toxicity Specific medical names of the different conditions are derived from the given vitamin involved an excess of vitamin A for example is called hypervitaminosis A Hypervitaminoses are primarily caused by fat soluble vitamins D and A as these are stored by the body for longer than the water soluble vitamins 1 Vitamin overdoseSupplements of calcium and vitamin DSpecialtyToxicologyCausesExcessive consumption of vitaminsGenerally toxic levels of vitamins stem from high supplement intake and not always from natural sources but rather the mix of natural derived vitamins and enhancers vitamin boosters Toxicities of fat soluble vitamins can also be caused by a large intake of highly fortified foods but natural food in modest levels rarely deliver extreme or dangerous levels of fat soluble vitamins 2 The Dietary Reference Intake recommendations from the United States Department of Agriculture define a tolerable upper intake level for most vitamins For those who are entirely healthy and do not experience long periods of avitaminosis vitamin overdose can be avoided by not taking more than the normal or recommended amount of multi vitamin supplement shown on the bottle and not ingesting multiple vitamin containing supplements concurrently 3 Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 2 Causes 3 Prevention 4 Epidemiology 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksSigns and symptoms EditA few described symptoms 3 Frequent urination and or cloudy urine Increased urine amount Eye irritation and or increased sensitivity to light Irregular and or rapid heartbeat Bone and joint pain associated with avitaminosis Muscle pain Confusion and mood changes e g irritability inability to focus Convulsions Fatigue Headache Flushing of skin associated with niacin vitamin B3 overdose Skin disturbances e g dryness itching cracking of skin rashes increased sensitivity to sun Changes of hair texture e g thickening and or clumping of hair Appetite loss Constipation associated with iron or calcium overdose Nausea and vomiting Diarrhoea Moderate weight loss more commonly seen in long term overdose cases Causes EditWith few exceptions like some vitamins from B complex hypervitaminosis usually occurs with the fat soluble vitamins A and D which are stored respectively in the liver and fatty tissues of the body These vitamins build up and remain for a longer time in the body than water soluble vitamins 2 Conditions include Hypervitaminosis A Hypervitaminosis D Vitamin B3 Toxicity Megavitamin B6 syndromePrevention EditPrevention in healthy individuals not having any periods of avitaminosis or vitamin vegetables lack for 2 years at least is by not taking more than the expected normal or recommended amount of vitamin supplements 3 Epidemiology EditIn the United States overdose exposure to all formulations of vitamins which includes multi vitamin mineral products was reported by 62 562 individuals in 2004 with nearly 80 of these exposures in children under the age of 6 leading to 53 major life threatening outcomes and 3 deaths 2 from vitamins D and E 1 from a multivitamin with iron 4 This may be compared to the 19 250 people who died of unintentional poisoning of all kinds in the U S in the same year 2004 5 In 2016 overdose exposure to all formulations of vitamins and multi vitamin mineral formulations was reported by 63 931 individuals to the American Association of Poison Control Centers with 72 of these exposures in children under the age of five No deaths were reported 6 See also EditAvitaminosis Megavitamin therapy Vitamin C megadosageReferences Edit Office of Dietary Supplements Vitamin A ods od nih gov Retrieved 2016 02 03 a b Sizer Frances Sienkiewicz Ellie Whitney 2008 Nutrition Concepts and Controversies 11 ed United States of America Thomson Wadsworth pp 221 235 ISBN 978 0 495 39065 7 a b c Multiple vitamin overdose MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia U S National Library of Medicine 2019 01 28 Retrieved 2019 02 11 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Toxic Exposure Surveillance System 2004 Annual Report PDF American Association of Poison Control Centers Archived from the original PDF on 2011 01 05 National Center for Health Statistics Gummin DD Mowry JB Spyker DA Brooks DE Fraser MO Banner W 2017 2016 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Poison Data System NPDS 34th Annual Report PDF Clinical Toxicology 55 10 1072 1254 doi 10 1080 15563650 2017 1388087 PMID 29185815 External links EditDietary reference intakes official website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hypervitaminosis amp oldid 1170963870, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
