A person's vital capacity can be measured by a wet or regular spirometer. In combination with other physiological measurements, the vital capacity can help make a diagnosis of underlying lung disease. Furthermore, the vital capacity is used to determine the severity of respiratory muscle involvement in neuromuscular disease, and can guide treatment decisions in Guillain–Barré syndrome and myasthenic crisis.[citation needed]
A normal adult has a vital capacity between 3 and 5 litres.[3] A human's vital capacity depends on age, sex, height, mass, and possibly ethnicity.[4] However, the dependence on ethnicity is poorly understood or defined, as it was first established by studying black slaves in the 19th century[5] and may be the result of conflation with environmental factors.[6]
Lung volumes and lung capacities refer to the volume of air associated with different phases of the respiratory cycle. Lung volumes are directly measured, whereas lung capacities are inferred from volumes.
The vital capacity can be used to help differentiate causes of lung disease. In restrictive lung disease the vital capacity is decreased. In obstructive lung disease it is usually normal or only slightly decreased.[7]
Vital capacity increases with height and decreases with age. Formulas to estimate vital capacity are:[3]
where is approximate vital capacity in cm3, is age in years, and is height in cm.
References
^Chhabra, S. K. (January 1998). "Forced Vital Capacity, Slow Vital Capacity, or Inspiratory Vital Capacity: Which Is the Best Measure of Vital Capacity?". Journal of Asthma. 35 (4): 361–365. doi:10.3109/02770909809075669. PMID 9669830.
^"Forced Expiratory Volume and Forced Vital Capacity". Michigan Medicine.
^ ab"Vital Capacity". Family Practice Notebook. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
^Hutchinson, John (January 1846). "On the Capacity of the Lungs, and on the Respiratory Functions, with a View of Establishing a Precise and Easy Method of Detecting Disease by the Spirometer". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. MCT-29 (1): 137–252. doi:10.1177/095952874602900113. PMC2116876. PMID 20895846.
^Villarosa, Linda (14 August 2019). "How False Beliefs in Physical Racial Difference Still Live in Medicine Today". The New York Times.
^Braun, Lundy (2015). "Race, ethnicity and lung function: A brief history". Canadian Journal of Respiratory Therapy. 51 (4): 99–101. PMC4631137. PMID 26566381.
^"Pulmonary Function Tests". UCSD. Retrieved 19 February 2015.[dead link]
^ abPratt, Joseph H. (December 1922). "Long-Continued Observations on the Vital Capacity in Health and Heart Disease". The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 164 (6): 819–831. doi:10.1097/00000441-192212000-00003. S2CID 71818743. ProQuest 125233939.
Further reading
Several studies have been made to measure and predict vital capacity:
Berglund, E.; Birath, G.; Bjure, J.; Grimby, G.; Kjellmer, I.; Sandqvist, L.; Söderholm, B. (1963). "Spirometric Studies in Normal Subjects I: Forced Expirograms in Subjects Between 7 and 70 Years of Age". Acta Medica Scandinavica. 173 (2): 185–192. doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1963.tb16520.x. PMID 13970718.
Birath, G.; Kjellmer, I.; Sandqvist, L. (1963). "Spirometric Studies in Normal Subjects: II. Ventilatory Capacity Tests in Adults". Acta Medica Scandinavica. 173 (2): 193–198. doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1963.tb16521.x. PMID 13968399.
Grimby, G.; Sóderholm, B. (1963). "Spirometric Studies in Normal Subjects: III. Static Lung Volumes and Maximum Voluntary Ventilation in Adults with a Note on Physical Fitness". Acta Medica Scandinavica. 173 (2): 199–206. doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1963.tb16523.x.
Forche, Günther; Stadlober, Ernst; Harnoncourt, Karl (1988). "Neue spirometrische Bezugswerte für Kinder, Jugendliche und Erwachsene" [New spirometric reference values for children, adolescents and adults]. Österreichische Ärztezeitung (in German). 43 (15, 16): 40–42.
Gulsvik, A.; Tosteson, T.; Bakke, P.; Humerfelt, S.; Weiss, S. T.; Speizer, F. E. (30 November 2001). "Expiratory and inspiratory forced vital capacity and one-second forced volume in asymptomatic never-smokers in Norway: Spirometric standards in Norway". Clinical Physiology. 21 (6): 648–660. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2281.2001.00377.x. PMID 11722472.
Hedenström, H; Malmberg, P; Agarwal, K (November 1985). "Reference values for lung function tests in females. Regression equations with smoking variables". Bulletin Européen de Physiopathologie Respiratoire. 21 (6): 551–557. OCLC 114155676. PMID 4074961. INIST:8470928.
Langhammer, A.; Johnsen, R.; Gulsvik, A.; Holmen, T.L.; Bjermer, L. (1 November 2001). "Forced spirometry reference values for Norwegian adults: the Bronchial Obstruction in Nord-Trøndelag study". European Respiratory Journal. 18 (5): 770–779. doi:10.1183/09031936.01.00255301. PMID 11757626.
January 30, 2023
vital, capacity, maximum, amount, person, expel, from, lungs, after, maximum, inhalation, equal, inspiratory, reserve, volume, tidal, volume, expiratory, reserve, volume, approximately, equal, forced, vital, capacity, output, spirometer, person, vital, capacit. Vital capacity VC is the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation It is equal to the sum of inspiratory reserve volume tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume It is approximately equal to Forced Vital Capacity FVC 1 2 Output of a spirometer A person s vital capacity can be measured by a wet or regular spirometer In combination with other physiological measurements the vital capacity can help make a diagnosis of underlying lung disease Furthermore the vital capacity is used to determine the severity of respiratory muscle involvement in neuromuscular disease and can guide treatment decisions in Guillain Barre syndrome and myasthenic crisis citation needed A normal adult has a vital capacity between 3 and 5 litres 3 A human s vital capacity depends on age sex height mass and possibly ethnicity 4 However the dependence on ethnicity is poorly understood or defined as it was first established by studying black slaves in the 19th century 5 and may be the result of conflation with environmental factors 6 Lung volumes and lung capacities refer to the volume of air associated with different phases of the respiratory cycle Lung volumes are directly measured whereas lung capacities are inferred from volumes Contents 1 Role in diagnosis 2 Estimated vital capacities 2 1 Formulas 3 References 4 Further readingRole in diagnosis EditThe vital capacity can be used to help differentiate causes of lung disease In restrictive lung disease the vital capacity is decreased In obstructive lung disease it is usually normal or only slightly decreased 7 Estimated vital capacities EditMales by height 8 Height 150 155 cm 4 11 5 1 155 160 cm 5 1 5 3 160 165 cm 5 3 5 5 165 170 cm 5 5 5 7 170 175 cm 5 7 5 9 175 180 cm 5 9 5 11 Vital capacity cm3 2900 3150 3400 3720 3950 4300Males by age 8 183 Age 15 25 25 35 35 45 45 55 55 65Vital capacity cm3 3425 3500 3225 3050 2850Formulas Edit Vital capacity increases with height and decreases with age Formulas to estimate vital capacity are 3 v c f e m a l e 21 78 0 101 a h v c m a l e 27 63 0 112 a h displaystyle begin aligned vc female 21 78 0 101a cdot h vc male 27 63 0 112a cdot h end aligned where v c displaystyle vc is approximate vital capacity in cm3 a displaystyle a is age in years and h displaystyle h is height in cm References Edit Chhabra S K January 1998 Forced Vital Capacity Slow Vital Capacity or Inspiratory Vital Capacity Which Is the Best Measure of Vital Capacity Journal of Asthma 35 4 361 365 doi 10 3109 02770909809075669 PMID 9669830 Forced Expiratory Volume and Forced Vital Capacity Michigan Medicine a b Vital Capacity Family Practice Notebook Retrieved 19 February 2015 Hutchinson John January 1846 On the Capacity of the Lungs and on the Respiratory Functions with a View of Establishing a Precise and Easy Method of Detecting Disease by the Spirometer Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine MCT 29 1 137 252 doi 10 1177 095952874602900113 PMC 2116876 PMID 20895846 Villarosa Linda 14 August 2019 How False Beliefs in Physical Racial Difference Still Live in Medicine Today The New York Times Braun Lundy 2015 Race ethnicity and lung function A brief history Canadian Journal of Respiratory Therapy 51 4 99 101 PMC 4631137 PMID 26566381 Pulmonary Function Tests UCSD Retrieved 19 February 2015 dead link a b Pratt Joseph H December 1922 Long Continued Observations on the Vital Capacity in Health and Heart Disease The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 164 6 819 831 doi 10 1097 00000441 192212000 00003 S2CID 71818743 ProQuest 125233939 Further reading EditSeveral studies have been made to measure and predict vital capacity Berglund E Birath G Bjure J Grimby G Kjellmer I Sandqvist L Soderholm B 1963 Spirometric Studies in Normal Subjects I Forced Expirograms in Subjects Between 7 and 70 Years of Age Acta Medica Scandinavica 173 2 185 192 doi 10 1111 j 0954 6820 1963 tb16520 x PMID 13970718 Birath G Kjellmer I Sandqvist L 1963 Spirometric Studies in Normal Subjects II Ventilatory Capacity Tests in Adults Acta Medica Scandinavica 173 2 193 198 doi 10 1111 j 0954 6820 1963 tb16521 x PMID 13968399 Grimby G Soderholm B 1963 Spirometric Studies in Normal Subjects III Static Lung Volumes and Maximum Voluntary Ventilation in Adults with a Note on Physical Fitness Acta Medica Scandinavica 173 2 199 206 doi 10 1111 j 0954 6820 1963 tb16523 x Forche Gunther Stadlober Ernst Harnoncourt Karl 1988 Neue spirometrische Bezugswerte fur Kinder Jugendliche und Erwachsene New spirometric reference values for children adolescents and adults Osterreichische Arztezeitung in German 43 15 16 40 42 Gulsvik A Tosteson T Bakke P Humerfelt S Weiss S T Speizer F E 30 November 2001 Expiratory and inspiratory forced vital capacity and one second forced volume in asymptomatic never smokers in Norway Spirometric standards in Norway Clinical Physiology 21 6 648 660 doi 10 1046 j 1365 2281 2001 00377 x PMID 11722472 Hedenstrom H Malmberg P Agarwal K November 1985 Reference values for lung function tests in females Regression equations with smoking variables Bulletin Europeen de Physiopathologie Respiratoire 21 6 551 557 OCLC 114155676 PMID 4074961 INIST 8470928 Langhammer A Johnsen R Gulsvik A Holmen T L Bjermer L 1 November 2001 Forced spirometry reference values for Norwegian adults the Bronchial Obstruction in Nord Trondelag study European Respiratory Journal 18 5 770 779 doi 10 1183 09031936 01 00255301 PMID 11757626 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Vital capacity amp oldid 1135518776, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
