The violet sabrewing (Campylopterus hemileucurus) is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found from Mexico to Panama.[3][4]
The violet sabrewing has two subspecies, the nominateC. h. hemileucurus and C. h. mellitus.[3]
Description
The violet sabrewing is the largest hummingbird of Mexico and Central America. It is 13 to 15 cm (5.1 to 5.9 in) long and weighs 9 to 12 g (0.32 to 0.42 oz). Both sexes have a black bill, though those of subspecies C. h. mellitus are longer than the nominate's. Males of the nominate subspecies have a dusky crown with a bluish green gloss. Their nape and upper back, face, and underparts are metallic violet blue that is somewhat bluer on the belly. Their lower back and uppertail coverts are metallic green. Their central tail feathers are bluish green to bluish black and the rest blackish with wide white tips. Females have a dusky crown and metallic green to bronze green upperparts with a more bluish green rump. They have a violet blue throat. Their underparts are mostly gray with a whiter belly and metallic green spots along the sides and green undertail coverts. Their central tail feathers are bluish green and the rest blacker with wide white tips.[5][6]
Males of subspecies C. h. mellitus have more green on their upperparts than the nominate and almost entirely violet underparts with no blue on the belly. Female's upperparts have a coppery tinge and their throat is violet.[5]
Distribution and habitat
The nominate subspecies of violet sabrewing is found from the Mexican states of Guerrero and Veracruz intermittently south through Guatemala, southern Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador into northern Nicaragua. Subspecies C. h. mellitus is found most of the length of Costa Rica into western Panama. The species inhabits the edges and interior of humid evergreen montane forest and mature secondary forest, banana plantations, and gardens. In Mexico it generally ranges in elevation between 500 and 2,000 m (1,600 and 6,600 ft) but occurs as high as 2,500 m (8,200 ft). In Costa Rica it ranges between 1,500 and 2,400 m (4,900 and 7,900 ft).[5][7]
Behavior
Movement
The violet sabrewing is mostly sedentary but individuals frequently move to lower elevations after the breeding season.[5]
Feeding
The violet sabrewing feeds on nectar primarily by trap-lining, visiting a circuit of flowering plants. Males occasionally defend patches of flowers and are dominant over other hummingbirds. The species forages mostly in the understory, often on Heliconia, banana (Musa), Cephaelis, and Palicourea though it visits others as well. It frequents nectar (sugar water) feeders and chases other hummingbirds from them. In addition to nectar, violet sabrewings also eat arthropods gleaned from foliage and spiderwebs.[5][7]
Breeding
The violet sabrewing breeds during the local rainy season, which ranges from June to September in Mexico and May to November in Costa Rica. In the latter country they may raise two broods. Males court females by singing in leks, typically in the understory or at the forest edge. The nest is a cup of moss cemented with spiderweb and lined with fine fibers. In Costa Rica it is often built above a ravine or stream, on a horizontal branch 1 to 6 m (3 to 20 ft) above the ground. The female incubates the clutch of two eggs for 19 to 22 days and fledging occurs 22 to 24 days after hatch.[5][7]
Songs and calls
Listen to violet sabrewing on xeno-canto
Vocalization
The violet sabrewing's song has been described as "cheep tsew cheep tik-tik tsew cheep ..., high-pitched, piercing and ventriloquial" and as "varied, loud, sharp chipping and warbles, often punctuated with fairly shrill, slightly explosive notes". Its calls are "high, sharp chippering", "prolonged, hard chipping", and "single sharp chips given in flight."[5][7]
Status
The IUCN has assessed the violet sabrewing as being of Least Concern. It has a very large range and a population of at least 50,000 mature individuals, though the latter is believed to be decreasing. No specific threats have been identified.[1] "This species can tolerate habitat disturbance, however, as long as some forest cover or tall second growth persists."[5]
References
^ abBirdLife International (2021). "Violet Sabrewing Campylopterus hemileucurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T22687075A167044665. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22687075A167044665.en. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
^ abcdefghDema L, T. (2020). Violet Sabrewing (Campylopterus hemileucurus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.viosab1.01 retrieved August 23, 2022
^Fogden, Michael; Taylor, Marianne; Williamson, Sheri L. (2014). Hummingbirds: A Life-size Guide to Every Species. New York: HarperCollins. pp. 224–225. ISBN978-0-06-228064-0.
^ abcdStiles, F. Gary; Skutch, Alexander F. (1989). A Guide to the Birds of Costa Rica. Comstock Publishing Associates. ISBN0-8014-9600-4.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Campylopterus hemileucurus.
Wikispecies has information related to Campylopterus hemileucurus.
Violet sabrewing Stamps (with Range Map) at birdstamps.org
Violet sabrewing photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)
May 19, 2023
violet, sabrewing, fictional, supporting, character, from, ducktales, list, ducktales, characters, violet, sabrewing, violet, sabrewing, campylopterus, hemileucurus, species, hummingbird, emeralds, tribe, trochilini, subfamily, trochilinae, found, from, mexico. For the fictional supporting character from DuckTales see List of DuckTales characters Violet Sabrewing The violet sabrewing Campylopterus hemileucurus is a species of hummingbird in the emeralds tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae It is found from Mexico to Panama 3 4 Violet sabrewingMale PanamaConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 CITES Appendix II CITES 2 Scientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesClade StrisoresOrder ApodiformesFamily TrochilidaeGenus CampylopterusSpecies C hemileucurusBinomial nameCampylopterus hemileucurus Deppe 1830 Range of C hemileucurus Contents 1 Taxonomy and systematics 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behavior 4 1 Movement 4 2 Feeding 4 3 Breeding 4 4 Vocalization 5 Status 6 References 7 External linksTaxonomy and systematics EditThe violet sabrewing has two subspecies the nominate C h hemileucurus and C h mellitus 3 Description EditThe violet sabrewing is the largest hummingbird of Mexico and Central America It is 13 to 15 cm 5 1 to 5 9 in long and weighs 9 to 12 g 0 32 to 0 42 oz Both sexes have a black bill though those of subspecies C h mellitus are longer than the nominate s Males of the nominate subspecies have a dusky crown with a bluish green gloss Their nape and upper back face and underparts are metallic violet blue that is somewhat bluer on the belly Their lower back and uppertail coverts are metallic green Their central tail feathers are bluish green to bluish black and the rest blackish with wide white tips Females have a dusky crown and metallic green to bronze green upperparts with a more bluish green rump They have a violet blue throat Their underparts are mostly gray with a whiter belly and metallic green spots along the sides and green undertail coverts Their central tail feathers are bluish green and the rest blacker with wide white tips 5 6 Males of subspecies C h mellitus have more green on their upperparts than the nominate and almost entirely violet underparts with no blue on the belly Female s upperparts have a coppery tinge and their throat is violet 5 Distribution and habitat EditThe nominate subspecies of violet sabrewing is found from the Mexican states of Guerrero and Veracruz intermittently south through Guatemala southern Belize Honduras and El Salvador into northern Nicaragua Subspecies C h mellitus is found most of the length of Costa Rica into western Panama The species inhabits the edges and interior of humid evergreen montane forest and mature secondary forest banana plantations and gardens In Mexico it generally ranges in elevation between 500 and 2 000 m 1 600 and 6 600 ft but occurs as high as 2 500 m 8 200 ft In Costa Rica it ranges between 1 500 and 2 400 m 4 900 and 7 900 ft 5 7 Behavior EditMovement Edit The violet sabrewing is mostly sedentary but individuals frequently move to lower elevations after the breeding season 5 Feeding Edit The violet sabrewing feeds on nectar primarily by trap lining visiting a circuit of flowering plants Males occasionally defend patches of flowers and are dominant over other hummingbirds The species forages mostly in the understory often on Heliconia banana Musa Cephaelis and Palicourea though it visits others as well It frequents nectar sugar water feeders and chases other hummingbirds from them In addition to nectar violet sabrewings also eat arthropods gleaned from foliage and spiderwebs 5 7 Breeding Edit The violet sabrewing breeds during the local rainy season which ranges from June to September in Mexico and May to November in Costa Rica In the latter country they may raise two broods Males court females by singing in leks typically in the understory or at the forest edge The nest is a cup of moss cemented with spiderweb and lined with fine fibers In Costa Rica it is often built above a ravine or stream on a horizontal branch 1 to 6 m 3 to 20 ft above the ground The female incubates the clutch of two eggs for 19 to 22 days and fledging occurs 22 to 24 days after hatch 5 7 Songs and callsListen to violet sabrewing on xeno canto Vocalization Edit The violet sabrewing s song has been described as cheep tsew cheep tik tik tsew cheep high pitched piercing and ventriloquial and as varied loud sharp chipping and warbles often punctuated with fairly shrill slightly explosive notes Its calls are high sharp chippering prolonged hard chipping and single sharp chips given in flight 5 7 Status EditThe IUCN has assessed the violet sabrewing as being of Least Concern It has a very large range and a population of at least 50 000 mature individuals though the latter is believed to be decreasing No specific threats have been identified 1 This species can tolerate habitat disturbance however as long as some forest cover or tall second growth persists 5 References Edit a b BirdLife International 2021 Violet Sabrewing Campylopterus hemileucurus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021 e T22687075A167044665 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2021 3 RLTS T22687075A167044665 en Retrieved 23 August 2022 Appendices CITES cites org Retrieved 2022 01 14 a b Gill F Donsker D Rasmussen P eds August 2022 Hummingbirds IOC World Bird List v 12 2 Retrieved August 9 2022 HBW and BirdLife International 2021 Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world Version 6 Available at http datazone birdlife org userfiles file Species Taxonomy HBW BirdLife Checklist v6 Dec21 zip retrieved August 7 2022 a b c d e f g h Dema L T 2020 Violet Sabrewing Campylopterus hemileucurus version 1 0 In Birds of the World T S Schulenberg Editor Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca NY USA https doi org 10 2173 bow viosab1 01 retrieved August 23 2022 Fogden Michael Taylor Marianne Williamson Sheri L 2014 Hummingbirds A Life size Guide to Every Species New York HarperCollins pp 224 225 ISBN 978 0 06 228064 0 a b c d Stiles F Gary Skutch Alexander F 1989 A Guide to the Birds of Costa Rica Comstock Publishing Associates ISBN 0 8014 9600 4 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Campylopterus hemileucurus Wikispecies has information related to Campylopterus hemileucurus Violet sabrewing Stamps with Range Map at birdstamps org Violet sabrewing photo gallery at VIREO Drexel University Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Violet sabrewing amp oldid 1155677676, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
