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Vicente de Zaldívar

Vicente de Zaldívar (c. 1573 – before 1650) was a Spanish soldier and explorer in New Mexico. He led the Spanish force which perpetrated the Acoma Massacre at the Acoma Pueblo in 1599. He led or participated in several expeditions onto the Great Plains.

Vicente de Zaldívar
Bornc. 1573
Diedbefore 1650
Zacatecas[1]
SpouseMaría de Oñate
ChildrenNicolas de Zaldívar y Oñate
Parent(s)Vicente de Zaldívar, Sr.
Magdalena de Mendoza y Salazar
RelativesCristóbal de Oñate (paternal great-uncle)
Juan de Oñate (paternal uncle & second cousin)
Juan de Zaldívar (brother)

Early life edit

Vicente de Zaldívar was born in Pánuco, Zacatecas, circa 1573.[2] The Zaldivar and Oñate families of Zacatecas and New Mexico were prominent and intertwined. His father, Vicente de Zaldívar, Sr., served in the Chichimeca War of 1550-1590 and other wars alongside his uncle (thus Vicente's great-uncle), Cristóbal de Oñate.[3] His mother was Magdalena de Mendoza y Salazar.[2] He had a brother, Juan de Zaldívar.[2] Juan de Oñate, the founder of the Spanish colony of New Mexico in 1598, was their uncle and second cousin.[2][3]

Career edit

In 1595, Zaldívar was appointed Sargento mayor by his uncle, Juan de Oñate, in their colonization of New Mexico for the Spanish Crown.[2][3] They arrived in New Mexico in 1598.[2]

Buffalo hunting edit

Food and resources were scarce in the young colony of New Mexico. On September 15, 1598, Zaldivar and his guide, Jusepe Gutierrez, led a group of 60 men onto the Great Plains to determine whether Bison, the American buffalo, could be domesticated. Departing from Pecos Pueblo, Zaldivar journeyed 57 leagues eastward, about 250 kilometres (160 mi), probably to the Canadian River valley. There he found huge herds of buffalo. Zaldivar and his men constructed a large corral in which they attempted to capture several thousand buffalo. The buffalo were recalcitrant and killed three horses and wounded 40 more. Zaldivar then captured a number of buffalo calves, but all of them quickly died. Failing in the attempt to domesticate buffalo, Zaldivar focused instead on hunting and returned to the Spanish settlements with 80 arobas, about 1,000 kilograms (2,200 lb) of buffalo fat. He proclaimed buffalo meat superior to the beef of Spanish cows. Zaldivar and his men arrived back at the Spanish settlements on November 8, 1598.[4][5]

Acoma edit

After his brother and other Spaniards were killed by Native Americans at Acoma Pueblo in New Mexico on December 4, 1598, Zaldívar was promoted to Maestre de Campo, second in command to Oñate.[2] In January 1599, Zaldívar avenged his brother's death in an attack on Acoma, culminating in the Acoma Massacre in which hundreds of Acomans were killed or enslaved.[2] Poet Gaspar Pérez de Villagrá subsequently wrote a poem about his victory.[3]

Jumano War edit

Zaldívar was maestro de campo in the expedition to Quivira in 1601.[3] During that process, he encountered the Jumano people and served in the Jumano War of 1601.[3]

Personal life edit

Zaldívar married María de Oñate, who was his cousin (Juan de Oñate's daughter).[2] They had an only son, Nicolas de Zaldívar y Oñate, who was later appointed Adelantado.[3][6]

Later life and death edit

Zaldívar received the Order of Santiago in 1626.[2] He died by 1650.[2]

References edit

  1. ^ "Juan and Vicente de Zaldivar," http://newmexicohistory.org/people/juan-and-vicente-de-zaldivar, accessed 30 Mar 2019
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Chipman, Donald E. (June 15, 2010). "ZALDIVAR, VICENTE DE". Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Hickerson, Nancy P. (Winter 1996). "The Servicios of Vicente de Zaldívar: New Light on the Jumano War of 1601". Ethnohistory. 43 (1): 127–144. doi:10.2307/483346. JSTOR 483346.
  4. ^ Kenner, Chrles L. (1969), A History of New Mexican-Plains Indian Relations, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, pp. 98-99.
  5. ^ "Southwest Crossroads: Expedition to the Buffalo Plains, 1898," [1], accessed 26 Mar 2019
  6. ^ Simmons, Marc (1993). The Last Conquistador: Juan de Onate and the Settling of the Far Southwest. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 189. ISBN 0-8061-2338-9.

vicente, zaldívar, 1573, before, 1650, spanish, soldier, explorer, mexico, spanish, force, which, perpetrated, acoma, massacre, acoma, pueblo, 1599, participated, several, expeditions, onto, great, plains, bornc, 1573zacatecasdiedbefore, 1650zacatecas, spousem. Vicente de Zaldivar c 1573 before 1650 was a Spanish soldier and explorer in New Mexico He led the Spanish force which perpetrated the Acoma Massacre at the Acoma Pueblo in 1599 He led or participated in several expeditions onto the Great Plains Vicente de ZaldivarBornc 1573ZacatecasDiedbefore 1650Zacatecas 1 SpouseMaria de OnateChildrenNicolas de Zaldivar y OnateParent s Vicente de Zaldivar Sr Magdalena de Mendoza y SalazarRelativesCristobal de Onate paternal great uncle Juan de Onate paternal uncle amp second cousin Juan de Zaldivar brother Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 2 1 Buffalo hunting 2 2 Acoma 2 3 Jumano War 3 Personal life 4 Later life and death 5 ReferencesEarly life editVicente de Zaldivar was born in Panuco Zacatecas circa 1573 2 The Zaldivar and Onate families of Zacatecas and New Mexico were prominent and intertwined His father Vicente de Zaldivar Sr served in the Chichimeca War of 1550 1590 and other wars alongside his uncle thus Vicente s great uncle Cristobal de Onate 3 His mother was Magdalena de Mendoza y Salazar 2 He had a brother Juan de Zaldivar 2 Juan de Onate the founder of the Spanish colony of New Mexico in 1598 was their uncle and second cousin 2 3 Career editIn 1595 Zaldivar was appointed Sargento mayor by his uncle Juan de Onate in their colonization of New Mexico for the Spanish Crown 2 3 They arrived in New Mexico in 1598 2 Buffalo hunting edit Food and resources were scarce in the young colony of New Mexico On September 15 1598 Zaldivar and his guide Jusepe Gutierrez led a group of 60 men onto the Great Plains to determine whether Bison the American buffalo could be domesticated Departing from Pecos Pueblo Zaldivar journeyed 57 leagues eastward about 250 kilometres 160 mi probably to the Canadian River valley There he found huge herds of buffalo Zaldivar and his men constructed a large corral in which they attempted to capture several thousand buffalo The buffalo were recalcitrant and killed three horses and wounded 40 more Zaldivar then captured a number of buffalo calves but all of them quickly died Failing in the attempt to domesticate buffalo Zaldivar focused instead on hunting and returned to the Spanish settlements with 80 arobas about 1 000 kilograms 2 200 lb of buffalo fat He proclaimed buffalo meat superior to the beef of Spanish cows Zaldivar and his men arrived back at the Spanish settlements on November 8 1598 4 5 Acoma edit After his brother and other Spaniards were killed by Native Americans at Acoma Pueblo in New Mexico on December 4 1598 Zaldivar was promoted to Maestre de Campo second in command to Onate 2 In January 1599 Zaldivar avenged his brother s death in an attack on Acoma culminating in the Acoma Massacre in which hundreds of Acomans were killed or enslaved 2 Poet Gaspar Perez de Villagra subsequently wrote a poem about his victory 3 Jumano War edit Zaldivar was maestro de campo in the expedition to Quivira in 1601 3 During that process he encountered the Jumano people and served in the Jumano War of 1601 3 Personal life editZaldivar married Maria de Onate who was his cousin Juan de Onate s daughter 2 They had an only son Nicolas de Zaldivar y Onate who was later appointed Adelantado 3 6 Later life and death editZaldivar received the Order of Santiago in 1626 2 He died by 1650 2 References edit Juan and Vicente de Zaldivar http newmexicohistory org people juan and vicente de zaldivar accessed 30 Mar 2019 a b c d e f g h i j k Chipman Donald E June 15 2010 ZALDIVAR VICENTE DE Handbook of Texas Online Retrieved 29 August 2015 a b c d e f g Hickerson Nancy P Winter 1996 The Servicios of Vicente de Zaldivar New Light on the Jumano War of 1601 Ethnohistory 43 1 127 144 doi 10 2307 483346 JSTOR 483346 Kenner Chrles L 1969 A History of New Mexican Plains Indian Relations Norman University of Oklahoma Press pp 98 99 Southwest Crossroads Expedition to the Buffalo Plains 1898 1 accessed 26 Mar 2019 Simmons Marc 1993 The Last Conquistador Juan de Onate and the Settling of the Far Southwest Norman Oklahoma University of Oklahoma Press p 189 ISBN 0 8061 2338 9 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Vicente de Zaldivar amp oldid 1173396529, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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