Vice President of Iraq
Iraq has had three vice presidents or deputy presidents serving concurrently.[2]
| Vice President of the Republic of Iraq | |
|---|---|
Incumbent Vacant since 2 October 2018 | |
| Style | His Excellency |
| Appointer | Parliamentary vote on the names submitted by the President[1] |
| Term length | Four years |
| Formation | 14 July 1958 10 October 2016 (restored) |
| Salary | 122,400 USD annually[2] |
The office of Vice President was historically largely ceremonial but prestigious. In post-war Iraq, the Constitution of Iraq, in its "Transitional Guidelines," creates a three-member presidency (or presidential) council, consisting of the president of Iraq and two deputy presidents, who must act in unison. The presidency council had three members to accommodate Iraq's three largest groups: Sunni Muslim Arabs, Shiite Muslim Arabs, and the mostly Sunni Kurds. As a unit, the Presidency Council was meant to symbolize the unity of the nation. This arrangement is required by the constitution to continue until the Council of Representatives, enters its second set of sessions. At this point, the Presidency Council would be replaced by a solitary President of the Republic, who would have only one deputy, the vice-president. In any case, the Presidency is appointed by the Council of Representatives. The three-member arrangement was a hold-over from the Iraqi Interim Government and the Iraqi Transitional Government.
In September 2014, three new vice presidents were elected: former prime ministers Nouri al-Maliki and Ayad Allawi and former speaker of Parliament Osama al-Nujaifi.[3]
On August 11, 2015, the Council of Representatives approved the plan proposed by the al Abadi government to eliminate the positions of vice president and deputy prime minister.[4] However, this decision was met with opposition, and Osama al-Nujaifi filed a constitutional complaint. Nuri al-Maliki also expressed his determination to retain his position.[5][6]
On October 10, 2016, Federal Supreme Court of Iraq of Iraq ruled that the abolition of the three vice president posts was unconstitutional.[7] Consequently, the positions were reinstated. However, since October 2, 2018, the three vice president offices have remained vacant.
List of officeholders edit
Under Iraqi Republic and Ba'athist Iraq edit
The Ba'athist regime of Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr and Saddam Hussein also used the office of Vice President. However, the post was not as influential as the Vice Chairmen of the Revolutionary Command Council. Vice Presidents were appointed at the discretion of the President.
| Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Political party | President | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
| → • Iraqi Republic (pre–Ba'ath Party) (1958–1968) • → | ||||||||
| Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr أحمد حسن البكر (1914–1982) | 18 November 1963 | 4 January 1964 | 47 days | Iraqi Ba'ath Party (Iraq Region) | Abdul Salam Arif | [8] | ||
| → • Iraqi Republic (under Ba'ath Party) (1968–2003) • → | ||||||||
| Saddam Hussein صدام حسين (1937–2006) | July 1968 | July 1979 | 11 years | Iraqi Ba'ath Party (Iraq Region) | Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr | |||
| Hardan al-Tikriti حردان عبدالغفار التكريتي (1925–1971) | 3 April 1970[8] | October 1970 | 5 months | Iraqi Ba'ath Party (Iraq Region) | [9] | |||
| Salih Mahdi Ammash صالح مهدي عماش (1924–1985) | 3 April 1970[8] | December 1971 | 1 year, 7 months | Iraqi Ba'ath Party (Iraq Region) | [9] | |||
| Taha Muhie-eldin Marouf طه محيي الدين معروف (1929–2009) | April 1974 | April 2003 | 29 years | Iraqi Ba'ath Party (Iraq Region) | Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Saddam Hussein | [10][11][12] | ||
| Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri عزة إبراهيم الدوري (1942–2020) | July 1979 | April 2003 | 23 years, 274 days | Iraqi Ba'ath Party (Iraq Region) | Saddam Hussein | |||
| Taha Yassin Ramadan طه ياسين رمضان الجزراوي (1938–2007) | March 1991 | April 2003 | 12 years, 31 days | Iraqi Ba'ath Party (Iraq Region) | [12] | |||
Republic of Iraq since 2004 edit
| Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Political party | President | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
| Ibrahim al-Jaafari إبراهيم الجعفري (born 1947) | 1 June 2004 | 7 April 2005 | 310 days | Islamic Dawa Party | Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer | [13] | ||
| Rowsch Shaways روز نورى شاويس (1947–2021) | 1 June 2004 | 7 April 2005 | 310 days | Kurdistan Democratic Party | [13] | |||
| Adil Abdul-Mahdi عادل عبد المهدي (born 1942) | 7 April 2005 | 11 July 2011 | 6 years, 95 days | Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq | Jalal Talabani | [14][15] | ||
| Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer غازي مشعل عجيل الياور (born 1958) | 7 April 2005 | 22 April 2006 | 1 year, 15 days | The Iraqis | ||||
| Tariq al-Hashimi طارق الهاشمي (born 1942) | 22 April 2006 | 10 September 2012 | 6 years, 141 days | Iraqi Islamic Party | [14] | |||
| Khodair al-Khozaei خضير الخزاعي (born 1947) | 13 May 2011 | 9 September 2014 | 3 years, 119 days | Islamic Dawa Party – Iraq Organisation | Jalal Talabani Fuad Masum | [14] | ||
| Nouri al-Maliki نوري المالكي (born 1950) | 9 September 2014 | 11 August 2015 | 336 days | Islamic Dawa Party | Fuad Masum | [16][3] | ||
| Osama al-Nujaifi أسامة النجيفي (born 1956) | 9 September 2014 | 11 August 2015 | 336 days | Muttahidoon | [16][3] | |||
| Ayad Allawi أياد علاوي (born 1944) | 9 September 2014 | 11 August 2015 | 336 days | Iraqi National Accord | [16][3] | |||
| Post abolished (11 August 2015–10 October 2016)[6] | ||||||||
| Post restored (10 October 2016–present)[7] | ||||||||
| Nouri al-Maliki نوري المالكي (born 1950) | 10 October 2016 | 2 October 2018 | 1 year, 357 days | Islamic Dawa Party | Fuad Masum | [17][18] | ||
| Osama al-Nujaifi أسامة النجيفي (born 1956) | 10 October 2016 | 2 October 2018 | 1 year, 357 days | Muttahidoon | [19][20] | |||
| Ayad Allawi أياد علاوي (born 1944) | 10 October 2016 | 2 October 2018 | 1 year, 357 days | Iraqi National Accord | [21][22] | |||
Timeline edit
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Salih intends to appoint Abadi as vice president: source - Iraq News - Local News - Baghdadpost". www.thebaghdadpost.com. 2 December 2018.
- ^ a b "Iraqi Deputies Question Need For Three Vice Presidents". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 25 March 2011.
- ^ a b c d . 22 December 2015. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015.
- ^ "Premature excitement about Iraq's new government reforms". Washington Post.
- ^ "Iraq vice president files court case to keep his post".
- ^ a b Al-awsat, Asharq (1 September 2015). "Iraq: Maliki, Nujaifi say PM's decision to cancel vice president posts "unconstitutional"".
- ^ a b . Xinhua. 11 October 2016. Archived from the original on 11 October 2016.
- ^ a b c Ghareeb, Edmund A. (2004). Historical dictionary of Iraq. Lanham (Md.) Oxford: Scarecrow press. ISBN 0-8108-4330-7.
- ^ a b Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. 1970Jan-Apr. 2003. hdl:2027/osu.32435024020109.
- ^ Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. 1974Jan-June. 2003. hdl:2027/osu.32435024020042.
- ^ Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. 1988Jan-June. 2003. hdl:2027/osu.32435024019796.
- ^ a b Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. 1991July-Dec. 2003. hdl:2027/osu.32435083449116.
- ^ a b "The Project Gutenberg eBook of The 2004 CIA World Factbook, by United States. Central Intelligence Agency".
- ^ a b c "Iraqi parliament approves three vice presidents - People's Daily Online". en.people.cn.
- ^ "One of Iraq's vice presidents resigns". USATODAY.COM.
- ^ a b c "URGENT: al-Maliki, Allawi, Najafi to be new Vice-Presidents of Iraq - Iraqi News". 8 September 2014.
- ^ "'I will declare independent Kurdistan if Al-Maliki returns to power,' warns Barzani". Middle East Monitor. 23 January 2017.
- ^ "Barzani says to declare Kurdistan's independence if Maliki returns as Iraq PM". Iraqi News. 23 January 2017.
- ^ "Will Mosul witness a political battle post-IS?". Al-Monitor. 18 February 2017.
- ^ "Iraq cuts off support for PKK, vice president says". TRT World. 13 February 2017.
- ^ "Iraq VP accuses Iran of violating Iraqi sovereignty in the Arabian Gulf". Middle East Monitor. 16 February 2017.
- ^ "ISHM: February 3 - 9, 2017". Reliefweb.int. 9 February 2017.