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Vence L. Bonham Jr.

April 16, 2024

Vence L. Bonham Jr. is an American lawyer who is the acting Deputy Director of the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) of the U. S. National Institutes of Health, and is the leader of the NHGRI Health Disparities Unit. His research focuses on social determinants of health, particularly with regard to the social implications of new genomic knowledge and technologies.[1]

Vence L. Bonham Jr.
EducationMichigan State University (BA)
Ohio State University (JD)

Education and career edit

Bonham earned his Bachelor of Arts degree from Michigan State University in 1978.[2] He taught middle school history and social studies before earning his Juris Doctor degree from Ohio State University Moritz College of Law in 1982.[2] His mother was a school social worker and his father was a science teacher. He began his career in healthcare law and then obtained a Health Services Research Fellowship from the American Association of Medical Colleges. Mr. Bonham then taught health policy and bioethics to medical students at Michigan State for a number of years before starting at the NHGRI in 2002.[3] He is a member of the NIH Tribal Health Research Coordinating Committee (THRCC).[4]

Research edit

Health policy edit

Bonham has contributed to guidelines highlighting issues such as maintaining a focus on improving health, striving for global diversity, maximizing the usability of genomics for the general public, and promoting robust and consistent standards for genomic research.[5][6] His ongoing work addresses the balance of scientific progress and ethical and equitable treatment of persons.

Genomics and health disparities edit

As director of the Health Disparities Unit at NHGRI, Bonham leads a team that aims to achieve health equity in the context of genomic medicine, where genomic knowledge, access to genomic services (testing and counseling), and unbiased implementation of genomic medicine are accessible and applied globally and fairly across all populations.[7]

He has organized and advocated for the development of improved laws surrounding the application of genomics in a clinical setting and precision medicine to better serve underrepresented communities.[8] Bonham and colleagues have developed three scales in an attempt to assess the knowledge and perception of race and human variation by clinicians.[9] These scales are: Genetic Variation Knowledge Assessment Index–GKAI, Health Professionals Beliefs about Race—HPBR, and Racial Attributes in Clinical Evaluation—RACE.

Sickle cell disease edit

Bonham has published on the treatment, screening, and study of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and is an expert on the history and emerging science regarding this condition.[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] In his role at the NHGRI, he leads the INSIGHTS program (The Insights into Microbiome and Environmental Contributions to Sickle Cell Disease and Leg Ulcers Study), a longitudinal interdisciplinary study exploring sickle cell disease in adults that covers genomic, microbial, physical, and social influences.[17] He sees SCD as a condition that highlights and demonstrates healthcare disparities "where the outcomes and the experiences are evidence of not getting the necessary treatments and focus historically."[3] This makes SCD an important disease to study through the lenses of healthcare equity and justice.[18][19][20][21] With Lisa E. Smilan, he wrote an article for the North Carolina Law Review in 2019 regarding the legal and ethical considerations of somatic gene editing in sickle cell disease.[22]

Bonham and his research group are moving forward with the World Health Organization and investigators in Sierra Leone to study adults with SCD, to increase utilization of newborn screening, and to address the ethical and logistical considerations of curative therapies in a developing country.[23]

Ethics of genome-editing edit

With the emergence of gene editing technologies such as CRISPR, Bonham has emphasized that SCD is a critical example of the value of respect for persons, fairness, and worldwide collaboration as genomic technology continues to evolve.[23] Clinical trials for one of the first attempts in somatic cell genome editing using CRISPR technology are for the treatment of sickle cell disease. he and his colleagues have published multiple peer-reviewed studies identifying gaps in knowledge of trial participants that could prevent them from giving adequately informed consent.[24][25][14] He highlights the importance of engaging with the SCD patient community with regard to scientific developments in treatment and management of the disease and prioritizing their protection and equitable care.[26][23]

Personal life edit

Bonham and his wife live in Bethesda, MD and have two sons. He considers himself an art lover and has his own collection of primarily African American art.[3]

References edit

  1. ^ "Vence L. Bonham, Jr., J.D." Genome.gov. Retrieved 2021-02-12.
  2. ^ a b "MSU'S BONHAM APPOINTED TO KEY POST AT NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE". MSUToday | Michigan State University. Retrieved 2022-07-29.
  3. ^ a b c "Speaker Spotlight: Vence Bonham". Innovative Genomics Institute (IGI). 2020-02-25. Retrieved 2021-02-12.
  4. ^ "NIH Tribal Health Research Coordinating Committee (THRCC) | DPCPSI". dpcpsi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2021-02-15.
  5. ^ Green, Eric D.; Gunter, Chris; Biesecker, Leslie G.; Di Francesco, Valentina; Easter, Carla L.; Feingold, Elise A.; Felsenfeld, Adam L.; Kaufman, David J.; Ostrander, Elaine A.; Pavan, William J.; Phillippy, Adam M. (2020-10-29). "Strategic vision for improving human health at The Forefront of Genomics". Nature. 586 (7831): 683–692. Bibcode:2020Natur.586..683G. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2817-4. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 7869889. PMID 33116284.
  6. ^ Bonham, Vence L.; Green, Eric D. (January 2021). "The genomics workforce must become more diverse: a strategic imperative". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 108 (1): 3–7. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.12.013. PMC 7820786. PMID 33417888.
  7. ^ Jooma, Sonya; Hahn, Michael J.; Hindorff, Lucia A.; Bonham, Vence L. (2019-02-21). "Defining and Achieving Health Equity in Genomic Medicine". Ethnicity & Disease. 29 (Suppl 1): 173–178. doi:10.18865/ed.29.S1.173. ISSN 1945-0826. PMC 6428182. PMID 30906166.
  8. ^ Wolf, Susan M.; Bonham, Vence L.; Bruce, Marino A. (2019-12-12). "How Can Law Support Development of Genomics and Precision Medicine to Advance Health Equity and Reduce Disparities?". Ethnicity & Disease. 29 (Supp): 623–628. doi:10.18865/ed.29.S3.623. ISSN 1945-0826. PMC 6919974. PMID 31889767.
  9. ^ Bonham, Vence L.; Sellers, Sherrill L.; Woolford, Sam (2014-10-02). "Physicians' knowledge, beliefs, and use of race and human genetic variation: new measures and insights". BMC Health Services Research. 14 (1): 456. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-14-456. ISSN 1472-6963. PMC 4283084. PMID 25277068.
  10. ^ Todd, Knox H.; Green, Carmen; Bonham, Vence L.; Haywood, Carlton; Ivy, Evera (July 2006). "Sickle cell disease related pain: crisis and conflict". The Journal of Pain. 7 (7): 453–458. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2006.05.004. ISSN 1526-5900. PMID 16814684.
  11. ^ Bonham, Vence L.; Haywood, Carlton; Gamble, Vanessa Northington (January 2007), "Sickle Cell Disease: The Past, Present and Future Social and Ethical Dilemmas", Renaissance of Sickle Cell Disease Research in the Genome Era, PUBLISHED BY IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS AND DISTRIBUTED BY WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO., pp. 311–323, doi:10.1142/9781860947964_0019, ISBN 978-1-86094-645-5, retrieved 2021-02-15
  12. ^ Bonham, Vence L.; Dover, George J.; Brody, Lawrence C. (2010-09-09). "Screening student athletes for sickle cell trait--a social and clinical experiment". The New England Journal of Medicine. 363 (11): 997–999. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1007639. ISSN 1533-4406. PMID 20825310.
  13. ^ Goldsmith, Jonathan C.; Bonham, Vence L.; Joiner, Clinton H.; Kato, Gregory J.; Noonan, Allan S.; Steinberg, Martin H. (March 2012). "Framing the research agenda for sickle cell trait: building on the current understanding of clinical events and their potential implications". American Journal of Hematology. 87 (3): 340–346. doi:10.1002/ajh.22271. ISSN 1096-8652. PMC 3513289. PMID 22307997.
  14. ^ a b Persaud, Anitra; Desine, Stacy; Blizinsky, Katherine; Bonham, Vence L. (August 2019). "A CRISPR focus on attitudes and beliefs toward somatic genome editing from stakeholders within the sickle cell disease community". Genetics in Medicine. 21 (8): 1726–1734. doi:10.1038/s41436-018-0409-6. ISSN 1530-0366. PMC 6606394. PMID 30581191.
  15. ^ Naik, Rakhi P.; Smith-Whitley, Kim; Hassell, Kathryn L.; Umeh, Nkeiruka I.; de Montalembert, Mariane; Sahota, Puneet; Haywood, Carlton; Jenkins, Jean; Lloyd-Puryear, Michele A.; Joiner, Clinton H.; Bonham, Vence L. (6 November 2018). "Clinical Outcomes Associated With Sickle Cell Trait: A Systematic Review". Annals of Internal Medicine. 169 (9): 619–627. doi:10.7326/M18-1161. ISSN 1539-3704. PMC 6487193. PMID 30383109.
  16. ^ Bonham, Vence L.; Haywood, Carlton; Gamble, Vanessa Northington (January 2007), "Sickle Cell Disease: The Past, Present and Future Social and Ethical Dilemmas", Renaissance of Sickle Cell Disease Research in the Genome Era, PUBLISHED BY IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS AND DISTRIBUTED BY WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO., pp. 311–323, doi:10.1142/9781860947964_0019, ISBN 978-1-86094-645-5, retrieved 2021-02-12
  17. ^ "INSIGHTS Study". Genome.gov. Retrieved 2021-02-15.
  18. ^ Stanton, Michael V.; Jonassaint, Charles R.; Bartholomew, Frederick B.; Edwards, Christopher; Richman, Laura; DeCastro, Laura; Williams, Redford (November 2010). "The Association of Optimism and Perceived Discrimination With Health Care Utilization in Adults With Sickle Cell Disease". Journal of the National Medical Association. 102 (11): 1056–1064. doi:10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30733-1. ISSN 0027-9684. PMC 3663072. PMID 21141295.
  19. ^ Inusa, Baba Psalm Duniya; Jacob, Eufemia; Dogara, Livingstone; Anie, Kofi A (January 2021). "Racial inequalities in access to care for young people living with pain due to sickle cell disease". The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 5 (1): 7–9. doi:10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30318-7. PMID 33065000. S2CID 223547761.
  20. ^ Farooq, Faheem; Mogayzel, Peter J.; Lanzkron, Sophie; Haywood, Carlton; Strouse, John J. (2020-03-27). "Comparison of US Federal and Foundation Funding of Research for Sickle Cell Disease and Cystic Fibrosis and Factors Associated With Research Productivity". JAMA Network Open. 3 (3): e201737. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.1737. ISSN 2574-3805. PMID 32219405.
  21. ^ Lee, LaTasha; Smith-Whitley, Kim; Banks, Sonja; Puckrein, Gary (November 2019). "Reducing Health Care Disparities in Sickle Cell Disease: A Review". Public Health Reports. 134 (6): 599–607. doi:10.1177/0033354919881438. ISSN 0033-3549. PMC 6832089. PMID 31600481.
  22. ^ Bonham, Vence (1 June 2019). "Somatic Genome Editing in Sickle Cell Disease: Rewriting a More Just Future". North Carolina Law Review.
  23. ^ a b c "Vence Bonham – Searching for a Cure: Sickle Cell Disease Gene Editing". Innovative Genomics Institute.
  24. ^ Desine, Stacy; Hollister, Brittany M.; Abdallah, Khadijah E.; Persaud, Anitra; Hull, Sara Chandros; Bonham, Vence L. (2020-10-01). "The Meaning of Informed Consent: Genome Editing Clinical Trials for Sickle Cell Disease". AJOB Empirical Bioethics. 11 (4): 195–207. doi:10.1080/23294515.2020.1818876. ISSN 2329-4515. PMC 7710006. PMID 33044907.
  25. ^ "As genome-editing trials become more common, informed consent is changing: NHGRI researchers are working with patients, families and the scientific community to improve the informed consent process". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
  26. ^ Bonham, Vence L.; Citrin, Toby; Modell, Stephen M.; Franklin, Tené Hamilton; Bleicher, Esther W. B.; Fleck, Leonard M. (June 2009). "Community-Based Dialogue: Engaging Communities of Color in the United States' Genetics Policy Conversation". Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law. 34 (3): 325–359. doi:10.1215/03616878-2009-009. ISSN 0361-6878. PMC 2800818. PMID 19451407.

External links edit

PubMed search for Vance L. Bonham Jr

April 16, 2024
vence, bonham, this, article, reads, like, press, release, news, article, largely, based, routine, coverage, please, help, improve, this, article, independent, sources, march, 2021, american, lawyer, acting, deputy, director, national, human, genome, research,. This article reads like a press release or a news article and may be largely based on routine coverage Please help improve this article and add independent sources March 2021 Vence L Bonham Jr is an American lawyer who is the acting Deputy Director of the National Human Genome Research Institute NHGRI of the U S National Institutes of Health and is the leader of the NHGRI Health Disparities Unit His research focuses on social determinants of health particularly with regard to the social implications of new genomic knowledge and technologies 1 Vence L Bonham Jr EducationMichigan State University BA Ohio State University JD Contents 1 Education and career 2 Research 2 1 Health policy 2 2 Genomics and health disparities 2 3 Sickle cell disease 2 4 Ethics of genome editing 3 Personal life 4 References 5 External linksEducation and career editBonham earned his Bachelor of Arts degree from Michigan State University in 1978 2 He taught middle school history and social studies before earning his Juris Doctor degree from Ohio State University Moritz College of Law in 1982 2 His mother was a school social worker and his father was a science teacher He began his career in healthcare law and then obtained a Health Services Research Fellowship from the American Association of Medical Colleges Mr Bonham then taught health policy and bioethics to medical students at Michigan State for a number of years before starting at the NHGRI in 2002 3 He is a member of the NIH Tribal Health Research Coordinating Committee THRCC 4 Research editHealth policy edit Bonham has contributed to guidelines highlighting issues such as maintaining a focus on improving health striving for global diversity maximizing the usability of genomics for the general public and promoting robust and consistent standards for genomic research 5 6 His ongoing work addresses the balance of scientific progress and ethical and equitable treatment of persons Genomics and health disparities edit As director of the Health Disparities Unit at NHGRI Bonham leads a team that aims to achieve health equity in the context of genomic medicine where genomic knowledge access to genomic services testing and counseling and unbiased implementation of genomic medicine are accessible and applied globally and fairly across all populations 7 He has organized and advocated for the development of improved laws surrounding the application of genomics in a clinical setting and precision medicine to better serve underrepresented communities 8 Bonham and colleagues have developed three scales in an attempt to assess the knowledge and perception of race and human variation by clinicians 9 These scales are Genetic Variation Knowledge Assessment Index GKAI Health Professionals Beliefs about Race HPBR and Racial Attributes in Clinical Evaluation RACE Sickle cell disease edit Bonham has published on the treatment screening and study of patients with sickle cell disease SCD and is an expert on the history and emerging science regarding this condition 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 In his role at the NHGRI he leads the INSIGHTS program The Insights into Microbiome and Environmental Contributions to Sickle Cell Disease and Leg Ulcers Study a longitudinal interdisciplinary study exploring sickle cell disease in adults that covers genomic microbial physical and social influences 17 He sees SCD as a condition that highlights and demonstrates healthcare disparities where the outcomes and the experiences are evidence of not getting the necessary treatments and focus historically 3 This makes SCD an important disease to study through the lenses of healthcare equity and justice 18 19 20 21 With Lisa E Smilan he wrote an article for the North Carolina Law Review in 2019 regarding the legal and ethical considerations of somatic gene editing in sickle cell disease 22 Bonham and his research group are moving forward with the World Health Organization and investigators in Sierra Leone to study adults with SCD to increase utilization of newborn screening and to address the ethical and logistical considerations of curative therapies in a developing country 23 Ethics of genome editing edit With the emergence of gene editing technologies such as CRISPR Bonham has emphasized that SCD is a critical example of the value of respect for persons fairness and worldwide collaboration as genomic technology continues to evolve 23 Clinical trials for one of the first attempts in somatic cell genome editing using CRISPR technology are for the treatment of sickle cell disease he and his colleagues have published multiple peer reviewed studies identifying gaps in knowledge of trial participants that could prevent them from giving adequately informed consent 24 25 14 He highlights the importance of engaging with the SCD patient community with regard to scientific developments in treatment and management of the disease and prioritizing their protection and equitable care 26 23 Personal life editBonham and his wife live in Bethesda MD and have two sons He considers himself an art lover and has his own collection of primarily African American art 3 References edit Vence L Bonham Jr J D Genome gov Retrieved 2021 02 12 a b MSU S BONHAM APPOINTED TO KEY POST AT NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE MSUToday Michigan State University Retrieved 2022 07 29 a b c Speaker Spotlight Vence Bonham Innovative Genomics Institute IGI 2020 02 25 Retrieved 2021 02 12 NIH Tribal Health Research Coordinating Committee THRCC DPCPSI dpcpsi nih gov Retrieved 2021 02 15 Green Eric D Gunter Chris Biesecker Leslie G Di Francesco Valentina Easter Carla L Feingold Elise A Felsenfeld Adam L Kaufman David J Ostrander Elaine A Pavan William J Phillippy Adam M 2020 10 29 Strategic vision for improving human health at The Forefront of Genomics Nature 586 7831 683 692 Bibcode 2020Natur 586 683G doi 10 1038 s41586 020 2817 4 ISSN 0028 0836 PMC 7869889 PMID 33116284 Bonham Vence L Green Eric D January 2021 The genomics workforce must become more diverse a strategic imperative The American Journal of Human Genetics 108 1 3 7 doi 10 1016 j ajhg 2020 12 013 PMC 7820786 PMID 33417888 Jooma Sonya Hahn Michael J Hindorff Lucia A Bonham Vence L 2019 02 21 Defining and Achieving Health Equity in Genomic Medicine Ethnicity amp Disease 29 Suppl 1 173 178 doi 10 18865 ed 29 S1 173 ISSN 1945 0826 PMC 6428182 PMID 30906166 Wolf Susan M Bonham Vence L Bruce Marino A 2019 12 12 How Can Law Support Development of Genomics and Precision Medicine to Advance Health Equity and Reduce Disparities Ethnicity amp Disease 29 Supp 623 628 doi 10 18865 ed 29 S3 623 ISSN 1945 0826 PMC 6919974 PMID 31889767 Bonham Vence L Sellers Sherrill L Woolford Sam 2014 10 02 Physicians knowledge beliefs and use of race and human genetic variation new measures and insights BMC Health Services Research 14 1 456 doi 10 1186 1472 6963 14 456 ISSN 1472 6963 PMC 4283084 PMID 25277068 Todd Knox H Green Carmen Bonham Vence L Haywood Carlton Ivy Evera July 2006 Sickle cell disease related pain crisis and conflict The Journal of Pain 7 7 453 458 doi 10 1016 j jpain 2006 05 004 ISSN 1526 5900 PMID 16814684 Bonham Vence L Haywood Carlton Gamble Vanessa Northington January 2007 Sickle Cell Disease The Past Present and Future Social and Ethical Dilemmas Renaissance of Sickle Cell Disease Research in the Genome Era PUBLISHED BY IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS AND DISTRIBUTED BY WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO pp 311 323 doi 10 1142 9781860947964 0019 ISBN 978 1 86094 645 5 retrieved 2021 02 15 Bonham Vence L Dover George J Brody Lawrence C 2010 09 09 Screening student athletes for sickle cell trait a social and clinical experiment The New England Journal of Medicine 363 11 997 999 doi 10 1056 NEJMp1007639 ISSN 1533 4406 PMID 20825310 Goldsmith Jonathan C Bonham Vence L Joiner Clinton H Kato Gregory J Noonan Allan S Steinberg Martin H March 2012 Framing the research agenda for sickle cell trait building on the current understanding of clinical events and their potential implications American Journal of Hematology 87 3 340 346 doi 10 1002 ajh 22271 ISSN 1096 8652 PMC 3513289 PMID 22307997 a b Persaud Anitra Desine Stacy Blizinsky Katherine Bonham Vence L August 2019 A CRISPR focus on attitudes and beliefs toward somatic genome editing from stakeholders within the sickle cell disease community Genetics in Medicine 21 8 1726 1734 doi 10 1038 s41436 018 0409 6 ISSN 1530 0366 PMC 6606394 PMID 30581191 Naik Rakhi P Smith Whitley Kim Hassell Kathryn L Umeh Nkeiruka I de Montalembert Mariane Sahota Puneet Haywood Carlton Jenkins Jean Lloyd Puryear Michele A Joiner Clinton H Bonham Vence L 6 November 2018 Clinical Outcomes Associated With Sickle Cell Trait A Systematic Review Annals of Internal Medicine 169 9 619 627 doi 10 7326 M18 1161 ISSN 1539 3704 PMC 6487193 PMID 30383109 Bonham Vence L Haywood Carlton Gamble Vanessa Northington January 2007 Sickle Cell Disease The Past Present and Future Social and Ethical Dilemmas Renaissance of Sickle Cell Disease Research in the Genome Era PUBLISHED BY IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS AND DISTRIBUTED BY WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO pp 311 323 doi 10 1142 9781860947964 0019 ISBN 978 1 86094 645 5 retrieved 2021 02 12 INSIGHTS Study Genome gov Retrieved 2021 02 15 Stanton Michael V Jonassaint Charles R Bartholomew Frederick B Edwards Christopher Richman Laura DeCastro Laura Williams Redford November 2010 The Association of Optimism and Perceived Discrimination With Health Care Utilization in Adults With Sickle Cell Disease Journal of the National Medical Association 102 11 1056 1064 doi 10 1016 s0027 9684 15 30733 1 ISSN 0027 9684 PMC 3663072 PMID 21141295 Inusa Baba Psalm Duniya Jacob Eufemia Dogara Livingstone Anie Kofi A January 2021 Racial inequalities in access to care for young people living with pain due to sickle cell disease The Lancet Child amp Adolescent Health 5 1 7 9 doi 10 1016 S2352 4642 20 30318 7 PMID 33065000 S2CID 223547761 Farooq Faheem Mogayzel Peter J Lanzkron Sophie Haywood Carlton Strouse John J 2020 03 27 Comparison of US Federal and Foundation Funding of Research for Sickle Cell Disease and Cystic Fibrosis and Factors Associated With Research Productivity JAMA Network Open 3 3 e201737 doi 10 1001 jamanetworkopen 2020 1737 ISSN 2574 3805 PMID 32219405 Lee LaTasha Smith Whitley Kim Banks Sonja Puckrein Gary November 2019 Reducing Health Care Disparities in Sickle Cell Disease A Review Public Health Reports 134 6 599 607 doi 10 1177 0033354919881438 ISSN 0033 3549 PMC 6832089 PMID 31600481 Bonham Vence 1 June 2019 Somatic Genome Editing in Sickle Cell Disease Rewriting a More Just Future North Carolina Law Review a b c Vence Bonham Searching for a Cure Sickle Cell Disease Gene Editing Innovative Genomics Institute Desine Stacy Hollister Brittany M Abdallah Khadijah E Persaud Anitra Hull Sara Chandros Bonham Vence L 2020 10 01 The Meaning of Informed Consent Genome Editing Clinical Trials for Sickle Cell Disease AJOB Empirical Bioethics 11 4 195 207 doi 10 1080 23294515 2020 1818876 ISSN 2329 4515 PMC 7710006 PMID 33044907 As genome editing trials become more common informed consent is changing NHGRI researchers are working with patients families and the scientific community to improve the informed consent process ScienceDaily Retrieved 2021 02 14 Bonham Vence L Citrin Toby Modell Stephen M Franklin Tene Hamilton Bleicher Esther W B Fleck Leonard M June 2009 Community Based Dialogue Engaging Communities of Color in the United States Genetics Policy Conversation Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law 34 3 325 359 doi 10 1215 03616878 2009 009 ISSN 0361 6878 PMC 2800818 PMID 19451407 External links editPubMed search for Vance L Bonham Jr Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Vence L Bonham Jr amp oldid 1184591483, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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