Researchers have investigated who has interest in using a vaginal microbicide. Condoms are highly effective in preventing the transmission of infection, but worldwide, the decision to use condoms is more often a decision made by males than females.[1] A vaginal microbicide which could prevent sexual transmission of infection would further empower women to influence the result of their sexual encounters.[1] The demographic interested in using the produce included women with the following characteristics:[2]
* use condoms to prevent infection
have previously had a sexually transmitted infection
have a sexual partner who had another sexual partner in the past year
minority group
low income
unmarried and not cohabiting
no steady sexual partner
The number of women interested in using such a product has been characterized as being significant enough to merit product development and marketing.[2]
Characteristicsedit
The ideal vaginal microbicide would have the following characteristics: provide protection against infection not require application at the time of intercourse not harm the natural tissue[3] As of 2009[update], not harming natural tissue was the most troublesome aspect of development.[3]
For HIVedit
Studies for using vaginal microbicides for HIV treatment rapidly increased through 2011 to 2013 due mostly to the observation that antiretroviral drugs designed for HIV treatment sometimes also achieve preexposure prophylaxis and significantly reduced HIV risks.[4] Several unrelated chemical mechanisms have been proposed for vaginal microbicides treating HIV.[1] One obstacle to effective research is that trials may involve social harms for trial participants, although one 2019 study found these social harms to be relatively small.[5] There is also often a self-reporting bias in condom and vaginal microbicide use in trials, suggesting the need for vaginal applicator staining to confirm whether the vaginal microbicides were effectively applied.[6]
PRO 2000, carrageenan, and cellulose sulphate have been studied as microbicides to block HIV binding.[1]
Topical antiretroviralsedit
Tenofovir has been studied as a topical antiretroviral.[1] One example of a tenofovir study is CAPRISA 004 in 2010, finding its use reduced HIV infection risk by 39% overall.[4]
^ abcdefWeber, J.; Desai, K.; Darbyshire, J.; Microbicides Development Programme (2005). "The Development of Vaginal Microbicides for the Prevention of HIV Transmission". PLOS Medicine. 2 (5): e142. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020142. PMC1140953. PMID 15916473.
^ abDarroch, Jacqueline E.; Jennifer J. Frost (January–February 1998). "Women's Interest in Vaginal Microbicides". Family Planning Perspectives. 31 (1): 16–23. doi:10.2307/2991552. JSTOR 2991552. PMID 10029928. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
^ abLaurence, Jeffery; Johnston, Rowena (19 February 2009). . amfar.org. Archived from the original on 23 March 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
^ abStone, Alan B.; Harrison, Polly F.; Lusti-Narasimhan, Manjula (2013-09-10). "Microbicides from a regulatory perspective". AIDS. 27 (14): 2261. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e32836239b4. ISSN 0269-9370.
^Montgomery, Elizabeth T.; Roberts, Sarah T.; Nel, Annalene; Malherbe, Mariette; Torjesen, Kristine; Bunge, Katherine; Singh, Devika; Baeten, Jared M.; Marrazzo, Jeanne; Chirenje, Z. Mike; Kabwigu, Samuel; Beigi, Richard; Riddler, Sharon A.; Gaffour, Zakir; Reddy, Krishnaveni (2019-11-15). "Social harms in female-initiated HIV prevention method research: state of the evidence". AIDS. 33 (14): 2237. doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000002346. ISSN 0269-9370. PMC6832829.
^Mauck, Christine K.; Schwartz, Jill L. (2012). "Dyeing to Know: The Use of Vaginal Applicator Staining and Other Techniques to Assess Adherence to Product Use in Microbicide Trials". Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 39 (9): 713–715. ISSN 0148-5717.
External linksedit
Tips to Maintaining a Healthy Vagina
May 03, 2024
vaginal, microbicide, vaginal, microbicide, microbicide, vaginal, generally, protection, against, contraction, sexually, transmitted, infection, during, vaginal, sexual, intercourse, topical, gels, creams, inserted, into, vagina, specialtygynecology, edit, wik. A vaginal microbicide is a microbicide for vaginal use generally as protection against the contraction of a sexually transmitted infection during vaginal sexual intercourse Vaginal microbicides are topical gels or creams inserted into the vagina Vaginal microbicideSpecialtyGynecology edit on Wikidata Contents 1 Target market 1 1 Characteristics 2 For HIV 2 1 Surfactants 2 2 Blocking HIV binding 2 3 Topical antiretrovirals 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksTarget market editResearchers have investigated who has interest in using a vaginal microbicide Condoms are highly effective in preventing the transmission of infection but worldwide the decision to use condoms is more often a decision made by males than females 1 A vaginal microbicide which could prevent sexual transmission of infection would further empower women to influence the result of their sexual encounters 1 The demographic interested in using the produce included women with the following characteristics 2 use condoms to prevent infection have previously had a sexually transmitted infection have a sexual partner who had another sexual partner in the past year minority group low income unmarried and not cohabiting no steady sexual partner The number of women interested in using such a product has been characterized as being significant enough to merit product development and marketing 2 Characteristics edit The ideal vaginal microbicide would have the following characteristics provide protection against infection not require application at the time of intercourse not harm the natural tissue 3 As of 2009 update not harming natural tissue was the most troublesome aspect of development 3 For HIV editStudies for using vaginal microbicides for HIV treatment rapidly increased through 2011 to 2013 due mostly to the observation that antiretroviral drugs designed for HIV treatment sometimes also achieve preexposure prophylaxis and significantly reduced HIV risks 4 Several unrelated chemical mechanisms have been proposed for vaginal microbicides treating HIV 1 One obstacle to effective research is that trials may involve social harms for trial participants although one 2019 study found these social harms to be relatively small 5 There is also often a self reporting bias in condom and vaginal microbicide use in trials suggesting the need for vaginal applicator staining to confirm whether the vaginal microbicides were effectively applied 6 Surfactants edit The first vaginal microbicide studied was nonoxynol 9 which acted as a surfactant 1 Blocking HIV binding edit PRO 2000 carrageenan and cellulose sulphate have been studied as microbicides to block HIV binding 1 Topical antiretrovirals edit Tenofovir has been studied as a topical antiretroviral 1 One example of a tenofovir study is CAPRISA 004 in 2010 finding its use reduced HIV infection risk by 39 overall 4 See also editRectal microbicide Microbicides for sexually transmitted diseasesReferences edit a b c d e f Weber J Desai K Darbyshire J Microbicides Development Programme 2005 The Development of Vaginal Microbicides for the Prevention of HIV Transmission PLOS Medicine 2 5 e142 doi 10 1371 journal pmed 0020142 PMC 1140953 PMID 15916473 a b Darroch Jacqueline E Jennifer J Frost January February 1998 Women s Interest in Vaginal Microbicides Family Planning Perspectives 31 1 16 23 doi 10 2307 2991552 JSTOR 2991552 PMID 10029928 Retrieved 21 November 2011 a b Laurence Jeffery Johnston Rowena 19 February 2009 The Promise of an Effective Vaginal Microbicide amfar org Archived from the original on 23 March 2011 Retrieved 20 November 2011 a b Stone Alan B Harrison Polly F Lusti Narasimhan Manjula 2013 09 10 Microbicides from a regulatory perspective AIDS 27 14 2261 doi 10 1097 QAD 0b013e32836239b4 ISSN 0269 9370 Montgomery Elizabeth T Roberts Sarah T Nel Annalene Malherbe Mariette Torjesen Kristine Bunge Katherine Singh Devika Baeten Jared M Marrazzo Jeanne Chirenje Z Mike Kabwigu Samuel Beigi Richard Riddler Sharon A Gaffour Zakir Reddy Krishnaveni 2019 11 15 Social harms in female initiated HIV prevention method research state of the evidence AIDS 33 14 2237 doi 10 1097 QAD 0000000000002346 ISSN 0269 9370 PMC 6832829 Mauck Christine K Schwartz Jill L 2012 Dyeing to Know The Use of Vaginal Applicator Staining and Other Techniques to Assess Adherence to Product Use in Microbicide Trials Sexually Transmitted Diseases 39 9 713 715 ISSN 0148 5717 External links editTips to Maintaining a Healthy Vagina Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Vaginal microbicide amp oldid 1193543306, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
