In Japan, the word "Himizu" (ヒミズ) may refer to both to the Japanese shrew mole in particular and Urotrichini in general; when True's shrew mole is distinguished from the general Himizu forms, the feminine diminutive word "Hime" is added to refer to the smaller size of that species. Although they are common in Japan, their alpine habitats, small size, and secretive lifestyle makes them generally unknown except among some mountain people and researchers.
Urotrichini paws are smaller and more downward- and backward-facing than the out-and-to-the-side orientation of the paws of classic moles, although not so much as in shrews. The limbs protrude slightly down and away from the body, as opposed to being invisibly retracted into the body with paws springing from just behind the head, as with moles. As such, Urotrichini are less well adapted than moles to forward burrowing, but better adapted to digging through the softer surface debris, leaf litter, and topsoils of alpine forest surfaces.
Nocturnalityedit
Unlike true moles, Urotrichini are not equally active day and night. Himizu spend a large part of their days sleeping in specially excavated deep subsoil burrows.
Position within the family Talpidaeedit
The Japanese shrewmole and True's shrewmole are more closely related to the American shrew mole than they are either Taiwanese and mainland Asian "shrew moles" or New World moles. These Urotrichini belong to members of the Old World moles subfamily, which also includes moles and desmans. The chiefly Chinese Uropsilinae shrew-like moles, despite previously having been called "shrew-moles" as well, are morphologically and genetically quite different, and comprise a sub-family of their own.
The taxonomy of this group has changed. Both Asiatic species had been thought of as one genus, Urotrichus. More recently, it was decided that a new genus, Dymecodon, be created within the Urotrichini to reflect significant morphological differences.
Distributionedit
The fluctuating borders between Urotrichini species in Japan have been the subject of study. Dymecodon pilirostris is found only at higher altitudes, possibly due to soil conditions. The larger Urotrichus talpoides dominates richer lowland areas, displacing D. pilirostris to the poorer soils on the steeper slopes of higher altitudes. Maps of these fluctuating boundaries show a sea of Japanese shrew mole territory dotted with islands of True's Shew mole on the steeper areas. This results in isolation of breeding populations of D. pilirostris and notable sub-speciation among the Himizu Hime which is not found among the standard Japanese shrew moles.[9][10]
^Yates, Terry L.; Greenbaum, Ira F. (1982). "Biochemical Systematics of North American Moles (Insectivora: Talpidae)". Journal of Mammalogy. 63 (3): 368–374. doi:10.2307/1380433. JSTOR 1380433.
^Yates, TL; Moore, DW (1990). "Speciation and evolution in the family Talpidae (Mammalia: Insectivora)". Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 335: 1–22. PMID 2408071.
^Nowak, Ronald M; Walker, Ernest Pillsbury (1999-04-07). Walker's Mammals of the World. ISBN9780801857898. Retrieved 2013-09-01.
^Motokawa, Masaharu (June 2004). "Phylogenetic relationships within the family Talpidae (Mammalia: Insectivora)". Journal of Zoology. 263 (2): 147–157. doi:10.1017/S0952836904004972. ISSN 1469-7998.
^Shinohara, Akio; Suzuki, Hitoshi; Tsuchiya, Kimiyuki; Zhang, Ya-Ping; Luo, Jing; Jiang, Xue-Long; Wang, Ying-Xiang; Campbell, Kevin L. (December 2004). "Evolution and Biogeography of Talpid Moles from Continental East Asia and the Japanese Islands Inferred from Mitochondrial and Nuclear Gene Sequences". Zoological Science. 21 (12): 1177–1185. doi:10.2108/zsj.21.1177. hdl:2115/14745. ISSN 0289-0003. PMID 15613798. S2CID 6905702.
^Carmona, F. David; Motokawa, Masaharu; Tokita, Masayoshi; Tsuchiya, Kimiyuki; Jiménez, Rafael; Sánchez-Villagra, Marcelo R (2007-12-17). "The evolution of female mole ovotestes evidences high plasticity of mammalian gonad development". Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution. 310B (3): 259–266. doi:10.1002/jez.b.21209. PMID 18085526.
^Yoshiyuki, Imura; Yukibumi, Kaneko; Miho, Konno (2009-03-18). . Mammalian Science (in Japanese) (82): 71–82. ISSN 0385-437X. Archived from the original on February 29, 2012. Retrieved 2013-09-01.
^Dobson, Mike (September 1994). "Patterns of distribution in Japanese land mammals". Mammal Review. 24 (3): 91–111. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2907.1994.tb00137.x. ISSN 0305-1838.
March 17, 2024
urotrichini, tribe, mole, family, consists, japanese, american, shrew, moles, they, belong, world, moles, relatives, branch, mole, family, talpidae, there, only, species, each, which, represents, genus, name, shrew, moles, refers, their, morphological, resembl. Urotrichini is a tribe of the mole family and consists of Japanese and American shrew moles They belong to the Old World moles and relatives branch of the mole family Talpidae There are only two species each of which represents its own genus The name shrew moles refers to their morphological resemblance to shrews while generally being thought of as true moles The species are the Japanese shrew mole 1 True s shrew mole 2 and American shrew mole 3 4 5 6 7 8 UrotrichiniHimizu or Japanese shrew mole Urotrichus talpoides Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaOrder EulipotyphlaFamily TalpidaeSubfamily TalpinaeTribe UrotrichiniDobson 1883GeneraDymecodon UrotrichusIn Japan the word Himizu ヒミズ may refer to both to the Japanese shrew mole in particular and Urotrichini in general when True s shrew mole is distinguished from the general Himizu forms the feminine diminutive word Hime is added to refer to the smaller size of that species Although they are common in Japan their alpine habitats small size and secretive lifestyle makes them generally unknown except among some mountain people and researchers Contents 1 Morphology and ecological niche 2 Nocturnality 3 Position within the family Talpidae 4 Distribution 5 ReferencesMorphology and ecological niche editUrotrichini paws are smaller and more downward and backward facing than the out and to the side orientation of the paws of classic moles although not so much as in shrews The limbs protrude slightly down and away from the body as opposed to being invisibly retracted into the body with paws springing from just behind the head as with moles As such Urotrichini are less well adapted than moles to forward burrowing but better adapted to digging through the softer surface debris leaf litter and topsoils of alpine forest surfaces Nocturnality editUnlike true moles Urotrichini are not equally active day and night Himizu spend a large part of their days sleeping in specially excavated deep subsoil burrows Position within the family Talpidae editThe Japanese shrewmole and True s shrewmole are more closely related to the American shrew mole than they are either Taiwanese and mainland Asian shrew moles or New World moles These Urotrichini belong to members of the Old World moles subfamily which also includes moles and desmans The chiefly Chinese Uropsilinae shrew like moles despite previously having been called shrew moles as well are morphologically and genetically quite different and comprise a sub family of their own The taxonomy of this group has changed Both Asiatic species had been thought of as one genus Urotrichus More recently it was decided that a new genus Dymecodon be created within the Urotrichini to reflect significant morphological differences Distribution editThe fluctuating borders between Urotrichini species in Japan have been the subject of study Dymecodon pilirostris is found only at higher altitudes possibly due to soil conditions The larger Urotrichus talpoides dominates richer lowland areas displacing D pilirostris to the poorer soils on the steeper slopes of higher altitudes Maps of these fluctuating boundaries show a sea of Japanese shrew mole territory dotted with islands of True s Shew mole on the steeper areas This results in isolation of breeding populations of D pilirostris and notable sub speciation among the Himizu Hime which is not found among the standard Japanese shrew moles 9 10 References edit ハチュウ類 両生類 小型ホニュウ類図鑑 Kagakukan sendai c ed jp Retrieved 2013 09 01 Adw Talpidae Classification Animaldiversity ummz umich edu Retrieved 2013 09 01 Yates Terry L Greenbaum Ira F 1982 Biochemical Systematics of North American Moles Insectivora Talpidae Journal of Mammalogy 63 3 368 374 doi 10 2307 1380433 JSTOR 1380433 Yates TL Moore DW 1990 Speciation and evolution in the family Talpidae Mammalia Insectivora Prog Clin Biol Res 335 1 22 PMID 2408071 Nowak Ronald M Walker Ernest Pillsbury 1999 04 07 Walker s Mammals of the World ISBN 9780801857898 Retrieved 2013 09 01 Motokawa Masaharu June 2004 Phylogenetic relationships within the family Talpidae Mammalia Insectivora Journal of Zoology 263 2 147 157 doi 10 1017 S0952836904004972 ISSN 1469 7998 Shinohara Akio Suzuki Hitoshi Tsuchiya Kimiyuki Zhang Ya Ping Luo Jing Jiang Xue Long Wang Ying Xiang Campbell Kevin L December 2004 Evolution and Biogeography of Talpid Moles from Continental East Asia and the Japanese Islands Inferred from Mitochondrial and Nuclear Gene Sequences Zoological Science 21 12 1177 1185 doi 10 2108 zsj 21 1177 hdl 2115 14745 ISSN 0289 0003 PMID 15613798 S2CID 6905702 Carmona F David Motokawa Masaharu Tokita Masayoshi Tsuchiya Kimiyuki Jimenez Rafael Sanchez Villagra Marcelo R 2007 12 17 The evolution of female mole ovotestes evidences high plasticity of mammalian gonad development Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution 310B 3 259 266 doi 10 1002 jez b 21209 PMID 18085526 Yoshiyuki Imura Yukibumi Kaneko Miho Konno 2009 03 18 The Shift in the Altitudinal Distributions of Dymecodon pilirostris and Urotrichus talpoides in the Mt Bandai Area Fukushima Prefecture Japan Mammalian Science in Japanese 82 71 82 ISSN 0385 437X Archived from the original on February 29 2012 Retrieved 2013 09 01 Dobson Mike September 1994 Patterns of distribution in Japanese land mammals Mammal Review 24 3 91 111 doi 10 1111 j 1365 2907 1994 tb00137 x ISSN 0305 1838 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Urotrichini amp oldid 1062211162, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
