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Uppland Runic Inscription 1158

February 26, 2024

Uppland Runic Inscription 1158 or U 1158 is the Rundata catalogue listing for a Viking Age memorial runestone that is located at Stora Salfors, which is one kilometre east of Fjärdhundra, Uppsala County, Sweden, and is in the historic province of Uppland. The stone is a memorial to a man named Freygeirr, and may have been the same Freygeirr who was a Viking chieftain active on the Baltic coast in the 1050s.

Photograph of U 1158 taken in 1919.

Description edit

The inscription on U 1158, which is on a granite stone that is 1.86 meters in height, consists of runic text in the younger futhark that is carved on three intertwined serpents. The top section of the runestone is missing. The inscription is classified as being carved in runestone style Pr3 or Pr4, both of which are also known as Urnes style. This runestone style is characterized by slim and stylized animals that are interwoven into tight patterns. The animal heads are typically seen in profile with slender almond-shaped eyes and upwardly curled appendages on the noses and the necks. The stone was noted in 1865 as being originally located in a circle of stones north of a crossroads, but was moved in 1884 to its current location at a farm at the request of a school teacher. The inscription is signed by a runemaster with the normalized name of Livsten. Livsten signed several other inscriptions, including U 766 and U 767 in Norrby, U 796 in Sparrsätra, U 1152 in Brunnby, U 1161 in Altuna, U 1164 in Stora Runhällen, and Vs 29 in Sala Landsförsamling.[1]

The runic text, which is incomplete due to the missing top section of the stone, states that the runestone was raised by some brothers, three of whom were named Guðsteinn, Eistr, and Áki, in memory of their father Freygeirr. According to scholar Omeljan Pritsak, this is the same Freygeirr who led a leidang expedition on the Baltic coast.[2] Five other runestones refer to this Freygeirr, including Gs 13 in Söderby, DR 216 in Tirsted, U 518 in Västa Ledinge, U 611 in Tibble, and U 698 in Veckholms.[2] It has been noted that one of Freygeir's son was named Eistr meaning "man from Estonia" or "Estonian,"[3] which Pritsak connects to Freygeir's activities on the other side of the Baltic Sea.[2]

Inscription edit

Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters edit

: kuisþen : yg : estr : yg : uin... : yk : aki : litu : risa : stn : fryke : faþur se : lfsten : iuk : runi : þsa :[4]

Transcription into Old Norse edit

Guðstæinn(?) ok Æistr ok ... ok Aki letu ræisa stæin [æftiʀ] Frøygæiʀ, faður sinn. Lifstæinn hiogg runaʀ þessa.[4]

Translation in English edit

Guðsteinn(?) and Eistr and ... and Áki had the stone raised in memory of Freygeirr, their father. Lífsteinn cut these runes.[4]

References edit

  1. ^ Jansson, Sven B. F. (1973). "Skinnastenen i Tillinge" (PDF). Fornvännen. Swedish National Heritage Board. 68: 144–151. ISSN 1404-9430. Retrieved 23 November 2011. pp. 150-51.
  2. ^ a b c Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The Origin of Rus'. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. pp. 357, 397ff, 400–03. ISBN 0-674-64465-4.
  3. ^ Gustavson, Helmer (1983). "Runfynd 1982" (PDF). Fornvännen. Swedish National Heritage Board. 78: 224–243. ISSN 1404-9430. Retrieved 23 November 2011. p. 235.
  4. ^ a b c Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk - Rundata entry for U 1158.

February 26, 2024
uppland, runic, inscription, 1158, 1158, rundata, catalogue, listing, viking, memorial, runestone, that, located, stora, salfors, which, kilometre, east, fjärdhundra, uppsala, county, sweden, historic, province, uppland, stone, memorial, named, freygeirr, have. Uppland Runic Inscription 1158 or U 1158 is the Rundata catalogue listing for a Viking Age memorial runestone that is located at Stora Salfors which is one kilometre east of Fjardhundra Uppsala County Sweden and is in the historic province of Uppland The stone is a memorial to a man named Freygeirr and may have been the same Freygeirr who was a Viking chieftain active on the Baltic coast in the 1050s Photograph of U 1158 taken in 1919 Contents 1 Description 2 Inscription 2 1 Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters 2 2 Transcription into Old Norse 2 3 Translation in English 3 ReferencesDescription editThe inscription on U 1158 which is on a granite stone that is 1 86 meters in height consists of runic text in the younger futhark that is carved on three intertwined serpents The top section of the runestone is missing The inscription is classified as being carved in runestone style Pr3 or Pr4 both of which are also known as Urnes style This runestone style is characterized by slim and stylized animals that are interwoven into tight patterns The animal heads are typically seen in profile with slender almond shaped eyes and upwardly curled appendages on the noses and the necks The stone was noted in 1865 as being originally located in a circle of stones north of a crossroads but was moved in 1884 to its current location at a farm at the request of a school teacher The inscription is signed by a runemaster with the normalized name of Livsten Livsten signed several other inscriptions including U 766 and U 767 in Norrby U 796 in Sparrsatra U 1152 in Brunnby U 1161 in Altuna U 1164 in Stora Runhallen and Vs 29 in Sala Landsforsamling 1 The runic text which is incomplete due to the missing top section of the stone states that the runestone was raised by some brothers three of whom were named Gudsteinn Eistr and Aki in memory of their father Freygeirr According to scholar Omeljan Pritsak this is the same Freygeirr who led a leidang expedition on the Baltic coast 2 Five other runestones refer to this Freygeirr including Gs 13 in Soderby DR 216 in Tirsted U 518 in Vasta Ledinge U 611 in Tibble and U 698 in Veckholms 2 It has been noted that one of Freygeir s son was named Eistr meaning man from Estonia or Estonian 3 which Pritsak connects to Freygeir s activities on the other side of the Baltic Sea 2 Inscription editTransliteration of the runes into Latin characters edit kuisthen yg estr yg uin yk aki litu risa stn fryke fathur se lfsten iuk runi thsa 4 Transcription into Old Norse edit Gudstaeinn ok AEistr ok ok Aki letu raeisa staein aeftiʀ Froygaeiʀ fadur sinn Lifstaeinn hiogg runaʀ thessa 4 Translation in English edit Gudsteinn and Eistr and and Aki had the stone raised in memory of Freygeirr their father Lifsteinn cut these runes 4 References edit Jansson Sven B F 1973 Skinnastenen i Tillinge PDF Fornvannen Swedish National Heritage Board 68 144 151 ISSN 1404 9430 Retrieved 23 November 2011 pp 150 51 a b c Pritsak Omeljan 1981 The Origin of Rus Cambridge Mass Harvard University Press pp 357 397ff 400 03 ISBN 0 674 64465 4 Gustavson Helmer 1983 Runfynd 1982 PDF Fornvannen Swedish National Heritage Board 78 224 243 ISSN 1404 9430 Retrieved 23 November 2011 p 235 a b c Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk Rundata entry for U 1158 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Uppland Runic Inscription 1158 amp oldid 1062771602, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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