The Upjohn Company was an American pharmaceutical manufacturing firm founded in 1886 in Hastings, Michigan, by Dr. William E. Upjohn who was an 1875 graduate of the University of Michigan medical school. The company was originally formed to make friable pills, which were specifically designed to be easily digested.[1] They could be "reduced to a powder under the thumb", a strong marketing argument at the time.
Upjohn developed a process for the large scale production of cortisone. The oxygen atom at the 11 position in this steroid is an absolute requirement for biological activity. There are however no known natural sources for starting materials that contain that feature. The only method for preparing this drug prior to 1952 was a lengthy synthesis starting from cholic acid isolated from bile. In 1952, two Upjohn biochemists, Dury Peterson and Herb Murray announced that they were able to introduce this crucial oxygen atom by fermentation of the steroid progesterone with a common mold of the genus Rhizopus. Over the next several years a group of chemists headed by John Hogg developed a process for preparing cortisone from the soybean sterol stigmasterol. The microbiological oxygenation is a key step in this process.[2]
In 2015, Pfizer resurrected the Upjohn name for a division which manufactures and licenses drugs for which patents have expired; as of 2019, it planned to divest itself of this business in 2020.[7]
In July 2019, Pfizer announced plans to merge Upjohn with Mylan.[8] The merger was expected to close in the first half of 2020, but was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[9] The merger was completed in November 2020 and the new company was named Viatris.[10]
^Lohrstorfer, Martha; Larson, Catherine (2002). . Kalamazoo Public Library. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^Hogg, John A. (1992). "Steroids, the steroid community, and Upjohn in perspective: A profile of innovation". Steroids. 57 (12): 593–616. doi:10.1016/0039-128X(92)90013-Y. PMID 1481225. S2CID 21779154.
^. PrednisoneSideEffects.org. Archived from the original on January 11, 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^Vanrheenen, V.; Kelly, R.C.; Cha, D.Y. (1976). "An improved catalytic OsO4 oxidation of olefins to cis-1,2-glycols using tertiary amine oxides as the oxidant". Tetrahedron Letters. 17 (23): 1973–6. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)78093-2.)
^. Resource Informagen. Archived from the original on May 7, 2006.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^Nathan-Kazis, Josh (September 19, 2019). "Pfizer Is Spinning Off Upjohn. What's Left Will Be No Bargain, Analyst Says". Barron's. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
^Valinsky, Jordan (29 July 2019). "Viagra and EpiPen drugmakers form a $20-billion-a-year powerhouse". CNN. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
^Gough, Paul (26 March 2020). "Mylan delays merger with Upjohn due to COVID-19 pandemic". Pittsburgh Business Times.
^Sabatini, Patricia (16 November 2020). "Mylan completes merger with Upjohn to form Viatris". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved 2020-11-18.
upjohn, other, uses, disambiguation, company, american, pharmaceutical, manufacturing, firm, founded, 1886, hastings, michigan, william, 1875, graduate, university, michigan, medical, school, company, originally, formed, make, friable, pills, which, were, spec. For other uses see Upjohn disambiguation The Upjohn Company was an American pharmaceutical manufacturing firm founded in 1886 in Hastings Michigan by Dr William E Upjohn who was an 1875 graduate of the University of Michigan medical school The company was originally formed to make friable pills which were specifically designed to be easily digested 1 They could be reduced to a powder under the thumb a strong marketing argument at the time The Upjohn CompanyIndustryPharmaceuticalFounded1886 1886 Defunct1995 29 years ago 1995 FateMerged with Pharmacia to form Pharmacia amp UpjohnSuccessorPharmacia amp UpjohnViatrisHeadquartersMichigan United StatesLogo of Upjohn Pill amp Granule later The Upjohn Company Contents 1 History 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksHistory editThis section may require copy editing for grammar style cohesion tone or spelling You can assist by editing it July 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message nbsp Unicap a multivitamin produced by Upjohn Upjohn developed a process for the large scale production of cortisone The oxygen atom at the 11 position in this steroid is an absolute requirement for biological activity There are however no known natural sources for starting materials that contain that feature The only method for preparing this drug prior to 1952 was a lengthy synthesis starting from cholic acid isolated from bile In 1952 two Upjohn biochemists Dury Peterson and Herb Murray announced that they were able to introduce this crucial oxygen atom by fermentation of the steroid progesterone with a common mold of the genus Rhizopus Over the next several years a group of chemists headed by John Hogg developed a process for preparing cortisone from the soybean sterol stigmasterol The microbiological oxygenation is a key step in this process 2 Subsequently Upjohn together with Schering biochemically converted cortisone into the more potent steroid prednisone by a bacterial fermentation 3 4 In chemical research the company is known for the development of the Upjohn dihydroxylation by V VanRheenen R C Kelly and D Y Cha in 1976 5 Upjohn s best known drugs before the acquisition by Pfizer were Xanax Halcion Motrin Lincocin and Rogaine citation needed when In 1995 Upjohn merged with Pharmacia AB to form Pharmacia amp Upjohn 6 the company was owned by Pfizer from 2002 until 2020 In 2015 Pfizer resurrected the Upjohn name for a division which manufactures and licenses drugs for which patents have expired as of 2019 it planned to divest itself of this business in 2020 7 In July 2019 Pfizer announced plans to merge Upjohn with Mylan 8 The merger was expected to close in the first half of 2020 but was delayed due to the COVID 19 pandemic 9 The merger was completed in November 2020 and the new company was named Viatris 10 See also editW E Upjohn Institute for Employment ResearchReferences edit Lohrstorfer Martha Larson Catherine 2002 William E Upjohn Person of the Century 1853 1932 Kalamazoo Public Library Archived from the original on September 28 2007 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Hogg John A 1992 Steroids the steroid community and Upjohn in perspective A profile of innovation Steroids 57 12 593 616 doi 10 1016 0039 128X 92 90013 Y PMID 1481225 S2CID 21779154 Prednisone Half Life Is A Good Medicine PrednisoneSideEffects org Archived from the original on January 11 2012 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link DailyMed DELTASONE prednisone tablet dailymed nlm nih gov Vanrheenen V Kelly R C Cha D Y 1976 An improved catalytic OsO4 oxidation of olefins to cis 1 2 glycols using tertiary amine oxides as the oxidant Tetrahedron Letters 17 23 1973 6 doi 10 1016 S0040 4039 00 78093 2 Upjohn Company Resource Informagen Archived from the original on May 7 2006 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Nathan Kazis Josh September 19 2019 Pfizer Is Spinning Off Upjohn What s Left Will Be No Bargain Analyst Says Barron s Retrieved March 30 2020 Valinsky Jordan 29 July 2019 Viagra and EpiPen drugmakers form a 20 billion a year powerhouse CNN Retrieved 2020 05 07 Gough Paul 26 March 2020 Mylan delays merger with Upjohn due to COVID 19 pandemic Pittsburgh Business Times Sabatini Patricia 16 November 2020 Mylan completes merger with Upjohn to form Viatris Pittsburgh Post Gazette Retrieved 2020 11 18 Upjohn Co v United States 449 U S 383 1981 External links editMemories of The Upjohn Company http www michmarkers com startup asp startpage S0582 htm Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Upjohn amp oldid 1211362983, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
