The Umpaku dialect (雲伯方言, Unpaku hōgen) is a group of Japanese dialects spoken in central San'in. The name Unpaku (雲伯) is constructed by extracting a representative kanji from Izumo (出雲) and Hōki (伯耆), the names of former provinces of this region.
Umpaku dialect, especially Izumo-ben, uniquely among dialects in the Chūgoku region, superficially resembles Tōhoku dialects in pronunciation and is thus also called Zūzū-ben. It has neutralization of the high vowels "i" and "u".
Vowels
Voiceless vowel sounds are common in most western Japanese accents and this is no different in Izumo where they are commonly heard. In Izumo and western Hoki, just like the Tohoku dialects "i" and "u" sounds are centralized. "i" is commonly pronounced [ï] and "u" [ɯ̈].
Consonants
The dropping of "r" sounds
In Izumo and western Hoki dialects, "r" sounds are often dropped and replaced with an elongation of the previous vowel. e.g. dare > daa "who", arimasu > aamasu "there is". In particular this often happens to "ri" and "ru" sounds which are almost all replaced by this elongated sound. In some areas, shiroi "white" becomes shie and akeru "to open" becomes akyae. In Oki, these sounds are also replaced by sokuon such as sono tsumodda (sono tsumori da).
Remnants of archaic sounds
kwa, gwa
The retention of /w/ in these syllables, prominent in Unpaku dialect, is non-standard in modern Japanese.
f instead of h
In the Heian period, all of the "h" row of sounds were pronounced with an "f" sound [ɸ] rather than with a "h" i.e. fa, fi, fu, fe, fo. Izumo still keeps this pronunciation. For example： fashi[ɸasï] = hashi "chopsticks", febi[ɸebï] = hebi "snake"
se, ze
In pronunciation "se" becomes "she" and "ze" becomes "je", similar to the Kyushu dialect.
Pitch Accent
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (March 2013)
Grammar
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (March 2013)
Vocabulary
kariru (かりる) "to borrow"; karu in other forms of western Japanese.
dandan (ダンダン) "thank you"; arigatō in Standard Japanese. It is not used within the family, but rather in conversation with strangers, in much the same way as in Standard Japanese dōmo is used as an abbreviation.
gosu (ごす) "to give (to speaker)"; kureru in Standard Japanese. E.g. X-san ga wa ni yasai o goita wa "Mr. X gave me vegetables." For a more polite form, goshinaru is also used。
kyotoi (きょとい) "scary, frightening"; kowai in Standard Japanese. E.g. maa, ano hito wa kyotoi wa! "Oh, that person is scary!", aa! kyoto, kyoto! nigetoku da wa! "Oh, how scary he is! Let's escape!"
chonboshi (ちょんぼし)/chokkoshi (ちょっこし) "a little"; sukoshi or chotto in Standard Japanese.
gaina (がいな) "giant"; sugoi or gotsui in Standard Japanese. The animation studio Gainax is named for gaina.
banjimashite (ばんじまして) "good evening"; konbanwa in Standard Japanese.
References
External links
正しい?出雲弁講座 (in Japanese)
January 04, 2023
umpaku, dialect, 雲伯方言, unpaku, hōgen, group, japanese, dialects, spoken, central, name, unpaku, 雲伯, constructed, extracting, representative, kanji, from, izumo, 出雲, hōki, 伯耆, names, former, provinces, this, region, umpaku, japanesenative, tojapanregioneastern,. The Umpaku dialect 雲伯方言 Unpaku hōgen is a group of Japanese dialects spoken in central San in The name Unpaku 雲伯 is constructed by extracting a representative kanji from Izumo 出雲 and Hōki 伯耆 the names of former provinces of this region Umpaku JapaneseNative toJapanRegioneastern San inLanguage familyJaponic JapaneseWestern JapaneseUmpaku JapaneseLanguage codesISO 639 3 Glottologumpa1238Umpaku dialect area source source An example of Izumo dialect being spoken 2015 The Umpaku dialects are Izumo dialect eastern Shimane Prefecture formerly known as Izumo Province Yonago dialect western Tottori Prefecture centered on Yonago Oki dialect Oki islands of Shimane Prefecture Contents 1 Pronunciation 1 1 Vowels 1 2 Consonants 1 2 1 The dropping of r sounds 1 3 Remnants of archaic sounds 2 Pitch Accent 3 Grammar 4 Vocabulary 5 References 6 External linksPronunciation EditUmpaku dialect especially Izumo ben uniquely among dialects in the Chugoku region superficially resembles Tōhoku dialects in pronunciation and is thus also called Zuzu ben It has neutralization of the high vowels i and u Vowels Edit Voiceless vowel sounds are common in most western Japanese accents and this is no different in Izumo where they are commonly heard In Izumo and western Hoki just like the Tohoku dialects i and u sounds are centralized i is commonly pronounced i and u ɯ Consonants Edit The dropping of r sounds Edit In Izumo and western Hoki dialects r sounds are often dropped and replaced with an elongation of the previous vowel e g dare gt daa who arimasu gt aamasu there is In particular this often happens to ri and ru sounds which are almost all replaced by this elongated sound In some areas shiroi white becomes shie and akeru to open becomes akyae In Oki these sounds are also replaced by sokuon such as sono tsumodda sono tsumori da Remnants of archaic sounds Edit kwa gwa The retention of w in these syllables prominent in Unpaku dialect is non standard in modern Japanese f instead of h In the Heian period all of the h row of sounds were pronounced with an f sound ɸ rather than with a h i e fa fi fu fe fo Izumo still keeps this pronunciation For example fashi ɸasi hashi chopsticks febi ɸebi hebi snake se ze In pronunciation se becomes she and ze becomes je similar to the Kyushu dialect Pitch Accent EditThis section is empty You can help by adding to it March 2013 Grammar EditThis section is empty You can help by adding to it March 2013 Vocabulary Editkariru かりる to borrow karu in other forms of western Japanese dandan ダンダン thank you arigatō in Standard Japanese It is not used within the family but rather in conversation with strangers in much the same way as in Standard Japanese dōmo is used as an abbreviation gosu ごす to give to speaker kureru in Standard Japanese E g X san ga wa ni yasai o goita wa Mr X gave me vegetables For a more polite form goshinaru is also used kyotoi きょとい scary frightening kowai in Standard Japanese E g maa ano hito wa kyotoi wa Oh that person is scary aa kyoto kyoto nigetoku da wa Oh how scary he is Let s escape chonboshi ちょんぼし chokkoshi ちょっこし a little sukoshi or chotto in Standard Japanese gaina がいな giant sugoi or gotsui in Standard Japanese The animation studio Gainax is named for gaina banjimashite ばんじまして good evening konbanwa in Standard Japanese References EditExternal links Edit正しい 出雲弁講座 in Japanese Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Umpaku dialect amp oldid 1126054175, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
