The kritai katholikoi tōn Rhomaiōn (Greek: κριταὶ καθολικοὶ τῶν Ῥωμαίων, "universal judges of the Romans") were a supreme court during the late Byzantine Empire.
The court had its antecedent in a tribunal of 12 judges, composed of both secular (senatorial) judges and of ecclesiastical members, created by Andronikos II Palaiologos (r. 1282–1328) in 1296. It functioned as a supreme court, and there was no appeal from its decisions.[1] The tribunal was reduced to four members, at least one of whom had to be a bishop, by Andronikos III Palaiologos (r. 1328–1341) in 1329, and received the name "kritai katholikoi".[1] According to Manuel II Palaiologos (r. 1391–1425), they had authority over all matters; received only written complaints; conducted the hearings, including expert testimony where deemed necessary; and deliberated in seclusion, with the judgement resulting from the majority of opinions.[1] The first four judges were Joseph, Bishop of Apros, Gregory Kleidas, an archdeacon and dikaiophylax, the megas dioiketes Glabas, and Nicholas Matarangos, probably a scholar. They served until a major corruption scandal in 1336/7, of which the first three were found guilty.[1]
Lemerle, Paul (1948). "Le Juge Général des Grecs et la réforme judiciaire d'Andronic II". Mémorial Louis Petit (in French). Bucharest. pp. 292–316.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Troianos, Spyros (2012). "Byzantine Canon Law from the Twelfth to the Fifteenth Centuries". In Wilfried Hartmann; Kenneth Pennington (eds.). The History of Byzantine and Eastern Canon Law to 1500. Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press. pp. 170–213. ISBN9780813216799.
January 01, 1970
kritai, katholikoi, kritai, katholikoi, tōn, rhomaiōn, greek, κριταὶ, καθολικοὶ, τῶν, Ῥωμαίων, universal, judges, romans, were, supreme, court, during, late, byzantine, empire, contents, history, also, references, sources, further, readinghistory, editthe, cou. The kritai katholikoi tōn Rhomaiōn Greek kritaὶ ka8olikoὶ tῶn Ῥwmaiwn universal judges of the Romans were a supreme court during the late Byzantine Empire Contents 1 History 2 See also 3 References 4 Sources 5 Further readingHistory editThe court had its antecedent in a tribunal of 12 judges composed of both secular senatorial judges and of ecclesiastical members created by Andronikos II Palaiologos r 1282 1328 in 1296 It functioned as a supreme court and there was no appeal from its decisions 1 The tribunal was reduced to four members at least one of whom had to be a bishop by Andronikos III Palaiologos r 1328 1341 in 1329 and received the name kritai katholikoi 1 According to Manuel II Palaiologos r 1391 1425 they had authority over all matters received only written complaints conducted the hearings including expert testimony where deemed necessary and deliberated in seclusion with the judgement resulting from the majority of opinions 1 The first four judges were Joseph Bishop of Apros Gregory Kleidas an archdeacon and dikaiophylax the megas dioiketes Glabas and Nicholas Matarangos probably a scholar They served until a major corruption scandal in 1336 7 of which the first three were found guilty 1 Besides the original tribunal resident in the capital Constantinople similar boards of judges appeared in the course of the 14th century in the Byzantine territories of the Despotate of the Morea in Thessalonica and Lemnos as well as in the Byzantine influenced Serbian Empire and the Empire of Trebizond 1 See also editByzantine law Constantine HarmenopoulosReferences edit a b c d e ODB Kritai Katholikoi A Kazhdan p 1158 Sources editKazhdan Alexander ed 1991 The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium Oxford and New York Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 504652 8 Further reading editLemerle Paul 1948 Le Juge General des Grecs et la reforme judiciaire d Andronic II Memorial Louis Petit in French Bucharest pp 292 316 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Troianos Spyros 2012 Byzantine Canon Law from the Twelfth to the Fifteenth Centuries In Wilfried Hartmann Kenneth Pennington eds The History of Byzantine and Eastern Canon Law to 1500 Washington DC The Catholic University of America Press pp 170 213 ISBN 9780813216799 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kritai katholikoi amp oldid 1025261137, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
