"Joint Resolution Declaring that a state of war exists between the Imperial Government of Japan and the Government and the people of the United States and making provisions to prosecute the same."
The attack on Pearl Harbor took place before a declaration of war by Japan had been delivered to the United States. It was originally stipulated that the attack should not commence until thirty minutes after Japan had informed the U.S. that it was withdrawing from further peace negotiations,[1][2] but the attack began before the notice could be delivered. Tokyo transmitted the 5,000-word notification – known as the "14-Part Message" – in two blocks to the Japanese Embassy in Washington. However, because of the very secret nature of the message, it had to be decoded, translated and typed up by high embassy officials, who were unable to do these tasks in the available time. Hence, the ambassador did not deliver it until after the attack had begun. Even if it had been, the notification was worded so that it actually neither declared war nor severed diplomatic relations; it was therefore not a proper declaration of war as required by diplomatic traditions.[3] Japan formally declared war on the US and the British Empire on 7 December 1941.
President Roosevelt formally requested the declaration in his Infamy Speech, addressed to a joint session of Congress and the nation at 12:30 p.m. on December 8.[5] The declaration was quickly brought to a vote; it passed the Senate, and then passed the House at 1:10 p.m.[5] The vote was 82–0 in the Senate and 388–1 in the House. Roosevelt signed the declaration at 4:10 p.m the same day.[5]
The first woman elected to Congress, Jeannette Rankin, a Montana Republican and outspoken pacifist, cast the only vote against the declaration, eliciting hisses from some of her peers. In 1917, Rankin was among 56 members of Congress to vote against the declaration that triggered America’s entry into World War I. Now alone in her position, several of Rankin’s congressional colleagues pressed her to change her vote to make the resolution unanimous—or at least to abstain—but she refused,[6][7] saying "As a woman, I can't go to war, and I refuse to send anyone else." Rankin was one of ten women holding Congressional seats at the time. After the vote, reporters followed her into the Republican cloakroom, where she refused to make any comments and took refuge in a telephone booth until United States Capitol Police cleared the cloakroom.[8] Two days later, a similar war declaration against Germany and Italy came to vote; Rankin abstained.
U.S. Congress Joint Resolution signed by President Roosevelt on December 8, 1941 at 4:10 p.m., Public Law 77-328, 55 STAT 795, which declared war on Japan.
Text of the declaration
JOINT RESOLUTION Declaring that a state of war exists between the Imperial Government of Japan and the Government and the people of the United States and making provisions to prosecute the same.
Whereas the Imperial Government of Japan has committed unprovoked acts of war against the Government and the people of the United States of America:
Therefore be it Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the state of war between the United States and the Imperial Government of Japan which has thus been thrust upon the United States is hereby formally declared; and the President is hereby authorized and directed to employ the entire naval and military forces of the United States and the resources of the Government to carry on war against the Imperial Government of Japan; and, to bring the conflict to a successful termination, all the resources of the country are hereby pledged by the Congress of the United States.[9]
^Hixson, Walter L. (2003), The American Experience in World War II: The United States and the road to war in Europe, Taylor & Francis, p. 73, ISBN978-0-415-94029-0, from the original on 2015-09-06, retrieved 2016-06-04
^Calvocoressi, Peter; Wint, Guy & Pritchard, John (1999) The Penguin History of the Second World War, London: Penguin. p.952
^Prange, Gordon W. (1982) At Dawn We Slept: The Untold Story of Pearl Harbor, Dillon. pp.424, 475, 493-94
^ abcKluckhorn, Frank L.(December 9, 1941) "U.S. Declares War, Pacific Battle Widens" 2018-02-09 at the Wayback MachineThe New York Times p.A1. Retrieved January 16, 2012.
^Staff (April 1, 2014) "Jeannette Rankin: Suffragist, Congresswoman, Pacifist" 2020-10-23 at the Wayback MachineWomen's History Matters
^Luckowski, Jean and Lopach, James (ndg) "A Chronology and Primary Sources for Teaching about Jeannette Rankin" 2020-07-23 at the Wayback Machine Montana.gov
^. The Milwaukee Sentinel. December 9, 1941. Archived from the original on 12 May 2016. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
united, states, declaration, japan, december, 1941, united, states, congress, declared, stat, empire, japan, response, surprise, attack, pearl, harbor, subsequent, declaration, prior, joint, resolution, declaring, that, state, exists, between, imperial, govern. On December 8 1941 the United States Congress declared war Pub L 77 328 55 Stat 795 on the Empire of Japan in response to its surprise attack on Pearl Harbor and subsequent declaration of war the prior day The Joint Resolution Declaring that a state of war exists between the Imperial Government of Japan and the Government and the people of the United States and making provisions to prosecute the same was formulated an hour after the Infamy Speech of President Franklin D Roosevelt Following the U S declaration Japan s allies Germany and Italy declared war on the United States bringing the United States fully into World War II Declaration of state of war with JapanLong title Joint Resolution Declaring that a state of war exists between the Imperial Government of Japan and the Government and the people of the United States and making provisions to prosecute the same Enacted bythe 77th United States CongressEffectiveDecember 8 1941CitationsPublic lawPub L 77 328Statutes at Large55 Stat 795Legislative historyIntroduced in the Senate as S J Res 116Passed the Senate on 8 December 1941 82 0 Passed the House on 8 December 1941 388 1 Signed into law by President Franklin D Roosevelt on 8 December 1941President Roosevelt wearing a black armband signs the Declaration of War on Japan on December 8 1941 Contents 1 Background 2 Vote and Presidential signature 3 Text of the declaration 4 See also 5 ReferencesBackground EditThe attack on Pearl Harbor took place before a declaration of war by Japan had been delivered to the United States It was originally stipulated that the attack should not commence until thirty minutes after Japan had informed the U S that it was withdrawing from further peace negotiations 1 2 but the attack began before the notice could be delivered Tokyo transmitted the 5 000 word notification known as the 14 Part Message in two blocks to the Japanese Embassy in Washington However because of the very secret nature of the message it had to be decoded translated and typed up by high embassy officials who were unable to do these tasks in the available time Hence the ambassador did not deliver it until after the attack had begun Even if it had been the notification was worded so that it actually neither declared war nor severed diplomatic relations it was therefore not a proper declaration of war as required by diplomatic traditions 3 Japan formally declared war on the US and the British Empire on 7 December 1941 The United Kingdom declared war on Japan nine hours before the U S did partially due to Japanese attacks on the British colonies of Malaya Singapore and Hong Kong and partially due to Winston Churchill s promise to declare war within the hour of a Japanese attack on the United States 4 Vote and Presidential signature EditPresident Roosevelt formally requested the declaration in his Infamy Speech addressed to a joint session of Congress and the nation at 12 30 p m on December 8 5 The declaration was quickly brought to a vote it passed the Senate and then passed the House at 1 10 p m 5 The vote was 82 0 in the Senate and 388 1 in the House Roosevelt signed the declaration at 4 10 p m the same day 5 The first woman elected to Congress Jeannette Rankin a Montana Republican and outspoken pacifist cast the only vote against the declaration eliciting hisses from some of her peers In 1917 Rankin was among 56 members of Congress to vote against the declaration that triggered America s entry into World War I Now alone in her position several of Rankin s congressional colleagues pressed her to change her vote to make the resolution unanimous or at least to abstain but she refused 6 7 saying As a woman I can t go to war and I refuse to send anyone else Rankin was one of ten women holding Congressional seats at the time After the vote reporters followed her into the Republican cloakroom where she refused to make any comments and took refuge in a telephone booth until United States Capitol Police cleared the cloakroom 8 Two days later a similar war declaration against Germany and Italy came to vote Rankin abstained U S Congress Joint Resolution signed by President Roosevelt on December 8 1941 at 4 10 p m Public Law 77 328 55 STAT 795 which declared war on Japan Text of the declaration EditJOINT RESOLUTION Declaring that a state of war exists between the Imperial Government of Japan and the Government and the people of the United States and making provisions to prosecute the same Whereas the Imperial Government of Japan has committed unprovoked acts of war against the Government and the people of the United States of America Therefore be it Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled That the state of war between the United States and the Imperial Government of Japan which has thus been thrust upon the United States is hereby formally declared and the President is hereby authorized and directed to employ the entire naval and military forces of the United States and the resources of the Government to carry on war against the Imperial Government of Japan and to bring the conflict to a successful termination all the resources of the country are hereby pledged by the Congress of the United States 9 See also Edit World War II portalArcadia Conference Declaration of war by the United States Declarations of war during World War II Diplomatic history of World War II Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British Empire Kellogg Briand Pact United Kingdom declaration of war on Japan United States declaration of war on Germany 1941 United States declaration of war on ItalyReferences Edit Hixson Walter L 2003 The American Experience in World War II The United States and the road to war in Europe Taylor amp Francis p 73 ISBN 978 0 415 94029 0 archived from the original on 2015 09 06 retrieved 2016 06 04 Calvocoressi Peter Wint Guy amp Pritchard John 1999 The Penguin History of the Second World War London Penguin p 952 Prange Gordon W 1982 At Dawn We Slept The Untold Story of Pearl Harbor Dillon pp 424 475 493 94 Staff December 15 1941 The U S At War The Last Stage Time a b c Kluckhorn Frank L December 9 1941 U S Declares War Pacific Battle Widens Archived 2018 02 09 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times p A1 Retrieved January 16 2012 Staff April 1 2014 Jeannette Rankin Suffragist Congresswoman Pacifist Archived 2020 10 23 at the Wayback Machine Women s History Matters Luckowski Jean and Lopach James ndg A Chronology and Primary Sources for Teaching about Jeannette Rankin Archived 2020 07 23 at the Wayback Machine Montana gov Miss Rankin Is Lone Dissenter in War Vote The Milwaukee Sentinel December 9 1941 Archived from the original on 12 May 2016 Retrieved 20 December 2018 Declaration of War with Japan Retrieved 2010 15 7 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title United States declaration of war on Japan amp oldid 1162068975, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
