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Umm Tuba

October 21, 2023

Umm Tuba (Arabic: أم طوبا;[1] Hebrew: אום טובא) is a Palestinian Arab neighborhood in East Jerusalem part of Sur Baher;[2] it is northeast of Har Homa and Bethlehem, and southeast of Kibbutz Ramat Rachel.[3] It has a population of 4,000.[citation needed] After the 1967 Six-Day War, Umm Tuba was incorporated into the municipal district of Jerusalem.

Umm Tuba
Umm Tuba neighborhood in East Jerusalem. In green : Arab areas. In blue : Jewish areas

Etymology Edit

The name of the Arab village, "Umm Tuba," is derived from the Byzantine era name, "Metofa," itself a derivation of the name Netofa. Netofa is mentioned in the Bible as the place from which two of King David's heroes originated (2Samuel 23:28–29).[4][5]

History Edit

Iron Age Edit

Based on archaeological finds, Umm Tuba was the site of the biblical city of Netophah.[6]

Netophah was a prosperous Judean farming village during the First Temple period.[4] An archaeological excavation uncovered at least three royal seal impressions dating from the reign of Hezekiah, King of Judah (eighth century BCE). At least two "LMLK" (belonging to the King) impressions and two personal seal impressions were discovered on handles of large jars of the type used to store wine and olive oil.

Classical antiquity Edit

Artifacts dating to the Hasmonean period were found at the neighborhood.[4]

Byzantine period Edit

Impressive remains of a Byzantine-era monastery have been found, which has been taken as proof that Umm Tuba was the site of “Metofa”, a place mentioned in the writings of Church elders in the Byzantine period.[4][5]

Bell-shaped cisterns dug into rock have been discovered. Several tombs carved into rock, one with stone entrance has also been found, together with Byzantine ceramics.[7]

Ottoman era Edit

In 1596, Umm Tuba appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Quds of the Liwa of Quds. It had a population of 36 Muslim households. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 33,3 % on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, olives, vines or fruit trees, and goats or beehives; a total of 7,500 Akçe. All of the revenue went to a Waqf.[8]

French explorer Victor Guérin visited the place in 1863, and described caves and other possible remains from a Christian period.[9] In 1883, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described the village as "an ancient site with bell-mouthed cisterns and ruins of modern buildings. To the east is a Mukam of Neby Toda."[10]

British mandate era Edit

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Umm Tuba was counted with Sur Baher, which had a population of 993, all Muslims,[11] increasing in the 1931 census to 1529, still all Muslim, in 308 inhabited houses.[12]

In the 1945 statistics the population of Umm Tuba, together with Sur Baher, was 2,450, all Muslims,[13] who owned 8,915 dunams of land according to an official land and population survey.[14] 911 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 3,927 used for cereals,[15] while 56 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[16]

Jordanian era Edit

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Umm Tuba came under Jordanian rule.

Many refugees came to Umm Tuba after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.[3]

The Jordanian census of 1961 found 543 inhabitants.[17]

1967-present Edit

After the Six-Day War in 1967, Umm Tuba has been under Israeli occupation.

After the 1995 accords 40% of Sur Baher/Umm Tuba land is defined as being in Area A, 3% in Area B, while the remaining 57% is in Area C. In 1997, Israel confiscated 354 dunams of land from Umm Tuba for the Israeli settlements of Har Homa.[18]

Education Edit

In 2005, a minefield on the outskirts of Sur Baher was cleared of hundreds of Jordanian mines by Israel to ready the site for the construction of a new high school, which serves both Sur Baher and Umm Tuba.[19] The Wingate Charitable Trust has established a joint Jewish-Arab project in which fifth and sixth graders from Umm Tuba and Kiryat HaYovel study science together. At each meeting the children learn about a scientific concept, while becoming acquainted with each other's language and culture.[20] Through the Abraham Project at the Bible Lands Museum in Givat Ram, fourth graders from Umm Tuba meet with their Jewish peers to learn about their common ancestor, Abraham/Ibrahim.[21] In 2012, Umm Tuba Elementary School took part in an environmental water conservation project financed by the Jerusalem Foundation.[22]

Demography Edit

In 2008, Prof. Tamar Rapoport and Afnan Masarwah of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem presented their research on changing perspectives of motherhood, children and family relationships among women in Umm Tuba.[23]

Notable people Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ Meaning possibly: "The ruin with the good tree or water", according to Palmer, 1881, p. 312
  2. ^ Federman, Josef; Laub, Karin (2017-04-13). "50 years after war, settlements blur future borders". AP NEWS. Retrieved 2019-05-31.
  3. ^ a b Jerusalem Neighborhoods
  4. ^ a b c d Royal seal impressions from the First Temple period discovered south of Jerusalem, 23 Feb 2009 [1]
  5. ^ a b Greetings from Ahimelekh and Yehokhil, from Netofa in Judah (23/2/2009), Israel Antiques Authority
  6. ^ Israel Antiquities Authority
  7. ^ Dauphin, 1998, p. 911
  8. ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 117
  9. ^ Guérin, 1869, p. 83-85
  10. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, p. 128
  11. ^ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p. 14
  12. ^ Mills, 1932, p 44
  13. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 25
  14. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 58
  15. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 104
  16. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 154
  17. ^ Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 23
  18. ^ , ARIJ, pp. 4, 14
  19. ^ , Jerusalem Post
  20. ^ The Universal Language of Science
  21. ^ 'Abraham' Project Brings Jewish, Muslim Kids Together, CBS
  22. ^ Rainwater Harvesting
  23. ^ NCJW Research Institute for Innovation in Education
  24. ^ Hamas' hair apparent, Haaretz

Bibliography Edit

  • Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
  • Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1883). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 3. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Dauphin, C. (1998). La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations. BAR International Series 726 (in French). Vol. III : Catalogue. Oxford: Archeopress. ISBN 0-860549-05-4.
  • Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics (1964). First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population (PDF).
  • Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945.
  • Guérin, V. (1869). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 1: Judee, pt. 3. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
  • Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
  • Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
  • Kagan, Evgeni D.; Eirikh-Rose, Anna (2012-03-26), Jerusalem, Umm Tuba Final Report, Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel
  • Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
  • Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.

External links Edit

  • Welcome to Sur Bahir & Umm Tuba
  • Survey of Western Palestine, Map 17: IAA, Wikimedia commons
  • Sur Bahir and Umm Tuba (fact sheet), Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem, ARIJ
  • , ARIJ
  • , ARIJ
  • Construction at a New Location on Abu Ghnaim Mountain (Har Homa Settlement) 18, November, 2000, ARIJ
  • The snaking Wall enters area (A) in Bethlehem 04, December, 2003, ARIJ
  • House demolition in East Jerusalem during the month of August 30, September, 2004, ARIJ
  • House demolition cases and testimonies from Jerusalem 19, September, 2006, ARIJ

31°44′N 35°14′E / 31.733°N 35.233°E / 31.733; 35.233

October 21, 2023
tuba, arabic, أم, طوبا, hebrew, אום, טובא, palestinian, arab, neighborhood, east, jerusalem, part, baher, northeast, homa, bethlehem, southeast, kibbutz, ramat, rachel, population, citation, needed, after, 1967, incorporated, into, municipal, district, jerusal. Umm Tuba Arabic أم طوبا 1 Hebrew אום טובא is a Palestinian Arab neighborhood in East Jerusalem part of Sur Baher 2 it is northeast of Har Homa and Bethlehem and southeast of Kibbutz Ramat Rachel 3 It has a population of 4 000 citation needed After the 1967 Six Day War Umm Tuba was incorporated into the municipal district of Jerusalem Umm TubaUmm Tuba neighborhood in East Jerusalem In green Arab areas In blue Jewish areas Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 2 1 Iron Age 2 2 Classical antiquity 2 3 Byzantine period 2 4 Ottoman era 2 5 British mandate era 2 6 Jordanian era 2 7 1967 present 3 Education 4 Demography 5 Notable people 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External linksEtymology EditThe name of the Arab village Umm Tuba is derived from the Byzantine era name Metofa itself a derivation of the name Netofa Netofa is mentioned in the Bible as the place from which two of King David s heroes originated 2Samuel 23 28 29 4 5 History EditIron Age Edit Based on archaeological finds Umm Tuba was the site of the biblical city of Netophah 6 Netophah was a prosperous Judean farming village during the First Temple period 4 An archaeological excavation uncovered at least three royal seal impressions dating from the reign of Hezekiah King of Judah eighth century BCE At least two LMLK belonging to the King impressions and two personal seal impressions were discovered on handles of large jars of the type used to store wine and olive oil Classical antiquity Edit Artifacts dating to the Hasmonean period were found at the neighborhood 4 Byzantine period Edit Impressive remains of a Byzantine era monastery have been found which has been taken as proof that Umm Tuba was the site of Metofa a place mentioned in the writings of Church elders in the Byzantine period 4 5 Bell shaped cisterns dug into rock have been discovered Several tombs carved into rock one with stone entrance has also been found together with Byzantine ceramics 7 Ottoman era Edit In 1596 Umm Tuba appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Quds of the Liwa of Quds It had a population of 36 Muslim households They paid a fixed tax rate of 33 3 on agricultural products including wheat barley olives vines or fruit trees and goats or beehives a total of 7 500 Akce All of the revenue went to a Waqf 8 French explorer Victor Guerin visited the place in 1863 and described caves and other possible remains from a Christian period 9 In 1883 the PEF s Survey of Western Palestine SWP described the village as an ancient site with bell mouthed cisterns and ruins of modern buildings To the east is a Mukam of Neby Toda 10 British mandate era Edit In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities Umm Tuba was counted with Sur Baher which had a population of 993 all Muslims 11 increasing in the 1931 census to 1529 still all Muslim in 308 inhabited houses 12 In the 1945 statistics the population of Umm Tuba together with Sur Baher was 2 450 all Muslims 13 who owned 8 915 dunams of land according to an official land and population survey 14 911 dunams were plantations and irrigable land 3 927 used for cereals 15 while 56 dunams were built up urban land 16 Jordanian era Edit In the wake of the 1948 Arab Israeli War and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements Umm Tuba came under Jordanian rule Many refugees came to Umm Tuba after the 1948 Arab Israeli War 3 The Jordanian census of 1961 found 543 inhabitants 17 1967 present Edit After the Six Day War in 1967 Umm Tuba has been under Israeli occupation After the 1995 accords 40 of Sur Baher Umm Tuba land is defined as being in Area A 3 in Area B while the remaining 57 is in Area C In 1997 Israel confiscated 354 dunams of land from Umm Tuba for the Israeli settlements of Har Homa 18 Education EditIn 2005 a minefield on the outskirts of Sur Baher was cleared of hundreds of Jordanian mines by Israel to ready the site for the construction of a new high school which serves both Sur Baher and Umm Tuba 19 The Wingate Charitable Trust has established a joint Jewish Arab project in which fifth and sixth graders from Umm Tuba and Kiryat HaYovel study science together At each meeting the children learn about a scientific concept while becoming acquainted with each other s language and culture 20 Through the Abraham Project at the Bible Lands Museum in Givat Ram fourth graders from Umm Tuba meet with their Jewish peers to learn about their common ancestor Abraham Ibrahim 21 In 2012 Umm Tuba Elementary School took part in an environmental water conservation project financed by the Jerusalem Foundation 22 Demography EditIn 2008 Prof Tamar Rapoport and Afnan Masarwah of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem presented their research on changing perspectives of motherhood children and family relationships among women in Umm Tuba 23 Notable people EditMuhammad Abu Tir 24 References Edit Meaning possibly The ruin with the good tree or water according to Palmer 1881 p 312 Federman Josef Laub Karin 2017 04 13 50 years after war settlements blur future borders AP NEWS Retrieved 2019 05 31 a b Jerusalem Neighborhoods a b c d Royal seal impressions from the First Temple period discovered south of Jerusalem 23 Feb 2009 1 a b Greetings from Ahimelekh and Yehokhil from Netofa in Judah 23 2 2009 Israel Antiques Authority Israel Antiquities Authority Dauphin 1998 p 911 Hutteroth and Abdulfattah 1977 p 117 Guerin 1869 p 83 85 Conder and Kitchener 1883 p 128 Barron 1923 Table VII Sub district of Jerusalem p 14 Mills 1932 p 44 Government of Palestine Department of Statistics 1945 p 25 Government of Palestine Department of Statistics Village Statistics April 1945 Quoted in Hadawi 1970 p 58 Government of Palestine Department of Statistics Village Statistics April 1945 Quoted in Hadawi 1970 p 104 Government of Palestine Department of Statistics Village Statistics April 1945 Quoted in Hadawi 1970 p 154 Government of Jordan Department of Statistics 1964 p 23 Sur Bahir amp Umm Tuba Town Profile ARIJ pp 4 14 Minefield cleared for new Arab school Jerusalem Post The Universal Language of Science Abraham Project Brings Jewish Muslim Kids Together CBS Rainwater Harvesting NCJW Research Institute for Innovation in Education Hamas hair apparent HaaretzBibliography EditBarron J B ed 1923 Palestine Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 Government of Palestine Conder C R Kitchener H H 1883 The Survey of Western Palestine Memoirs of the Topography Orography Hydrography and Archaeology Vol 3 London Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund Dauphin C 1998 La Palestine byzantine Peuplement et Populations BAR International Series 726 in French Vol III Catalogue Oxford Archeopress ISBN 0 860549 05 4 Government of Jordan Department of Statistics 1964 First Census of Population and Housing Volume I Final Tables General Characteristics of the Population PDF Government of Palestine Department of Statistics 1945 Village Statistics April 1945 Guerin V 1869 Description Geographique Historique et Archeologique de la Palestine in French Vol 1 Judee pt 3 Paris L Imprimerie Nationale Hadawi S 1970 Village Statistics of 1945 A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center Hutteroth Wolf Dieter Abdulfattah Kamal 1977 Historical Geography of Palestine Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten Sonderband 5 Erlangen Germany Vorstand der Frankischen Geographischen Gesellschaft ISBN 3 920405 41 2 Kagan Evgeni D Eirikh Rose Anna 2012 03 26 Jerusalem Umm Tuba Final Report Hadashot Arkheologiyot Excavations and Surveys in Israel Mills E ed 1932 Census of Palestine 1931 Population of Villages Towns and Administrative Areas Jerusalem Government of Palestine Palmer E H 1881 The Survey of Western Palestine Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener R E Transliterated and Explained by E H Palmer Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund External links EditWelcome to Sur Bahir amp Umm Tuba Survey of Western Palestine Map 17 IAA Wikimedia commons Sur Bahir and Umm Tuba fact sheet Applied Research Institute Jerusalem ARIJ Sur Bahir amp Umm Tuba town profile ARIJ Sur Bahir amp Umm Tuba aerial photo ARIJ Construction at a New Location on Abu Ghnaim Mountain Har Homa Settlement 18 November 2000 ARIJ The snaking Wall enters area A in Bethlehem 04 December 2003 ARIJ House demolition in East Jerusalem during the month of August 30 September 2004 ARIJ House demolition cases and testimonies from Jerusalem 19 September 2006 ARIJ 31 44 N 35 14 E 31 733 N 35 233 E 31 733 35 233 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Umm Tuba amp oldid 1174850252, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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