The hybridcultivarUlmus 'Androssowii' R. Kam. (or 'Androsowii'[1]), an elm of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan[2] sometimes referred to in old travel books as 'Turkestan Elm' or as 'karagach' [:black tree, = elm], its local name,[3] is probably an artificial hybrid. According to Lozina-Lozinskaia the tree is unknown in the wild in Uzbekistan,[4][5] and apparently arose from a crossing of U. densa var. bubyrianaLitv. (now Ulmus minor 'Umbraculifera'), which it resembles (see the disputed species Ulmus densa), and the Siberian ElmUlmus pumila.[6] It is sometimes listed as Ulmus × androssowii.[7]
The tree grows to a height of 20 metres (66 ft) and is distinguished by its very dense spherical crown and pubescent leaves.[8][9]Rehder noted (1939) that though similar in habit to 'Umbraculifera', 'Androssowi' could be "easily distinguished" by the grayish-brown bark of its twigs with conspicuous corky wings on older branches, by the pubescent winter-buds, by the mostly shallow- and single-toothed leaves, pubescent beneath, and by the near-orbicular fruit 10-13 mm in diameter, with the seed slightly above the middle. In 'Umbraculifera', by contrast, the twigs are red-brown and never corky, the leaves are more clearly and sharply double-toothed, only slightly pubescent beneath when young and soon smooth, and the obovate fruit is wedge-shaped at base and about 1.5 cm long, with the seed close to the notch.[6] The compact branch structure of 'Androssowii' helps the tree conserve moisture.[10]
... In a garden near our sarai we saw some very fine karagach.[2][3] The karagach or Turkestan elm is one of the typical trees of the Duab landscape, chiefly owing to its tendency of forming leafy balloons of great regularity. As the main limbs shoot upwards like a bunch of flowers gradually unfolding near the top, and as the secondary boughs follow this example, the inner space of the cupola of foliage is a tangle of close-set ramifications which retains dead branches as well as the flotsam and jetsam of the air. As moreover short spikes and twigs grow out everywhere, the whole forms a disorderly nest of bark, leaves, sticks, and straws affording protection to many small birds.
– From Willi Rickmer Rickmers, The Duab of Turkestan, a physiographic sketch and account of some travels (1913).[11]
Pests and diseasesedit
Not known. In 1987, according to a Forestry Commission study of the Dushanbe area, Tajikistan, elms including 'Androssowii' "were plentiful in the city, pastures and roadside plantations, but no symptoms of Dutch elm disease, foliar or internal, were found. Breeding galleries of a Scolytus species close to Scolytus multistriatus were present in stressed or dying trees but no Ophiostoma ulmi was obtained from the galleries." The report concluded that, to date, the region may have escaped Dutch elm disease through geographical isolation.[2]
Cultivationedit
The hybrid has been widely planted in southern and western areas of the former Soviet Union,[12] notably along the streets of Samarkand. In western Europe it was distributed by Hesse's Nurseries, Weener, Germany, in the 1930s.[13] A specimen was present at Kew Gardens in the 1930s.[14] Cold-hardy, it prefers a rich soil and moderate humidity.
'Androssowii' left, U. Bubyriana [:Ulmus minor 'Umbraculifera'] right, Samarkand (1903)
Turkestan Elm near Samarkand, early 20th century
Turkestan Elm near Samarkand, early 20th century
Photo captioned 'Umbraculifera' but possibly 'Androssowii', Bukhara, Uzbekistan (c.1910)
Hybrid cultivarsedit
Ulmus 'Karagatch' is a hybrid cultivar from Turkestan, selected in the early 20th century and said to be either a backcrossing of U. pumila and U. 'Androssowii' or simply a cultivar of 'Androssowi'.
Synonymyedit
Ulmus Androssowi: Litv. in Schedae ad Herbarium Florae Rossicae 8: 23, no. 2445, t.2, 1922.
Ulmus pumila f. androssowii (Litv.) Rehd.
Accessionsedit
North America
Morton Arboretum, Illinois, US. Acc. no. 353-72 (received as U. pumila f. androssowii (Litv.) Rehder).
^Rickmers, W. Rickmer, The Duab of Turkestan, a physiographic sketch and account of some travels (Cambridge, 1913), p.172
^Photos of 'Androssowii', yvision.kz [1] (in Russian)
^Hesse, Hermann Albert (1932). Preis- und Sortenliste. pp. 96–97. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
^"Herbarium specimen - L.1582323". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Ulmus, formerly mis-labelled U. angronovii (Kew specimen, 1935)
External linksedit
Photographs of and information on 'karagach' in Uzbekistan, World Digital Library
January 01, 1970
ulmus, androssowii, hybrid, cultivar, androsowii, uzbekistan, tajikistan, sometimes, referred, travel, books, turkestan, karagach, black, tree, local, name, probably, artificial, hybrid, according, lozina, lozinskaia, tree, unknown, wild, uzbekistan, apparentl. The hybrid cultivar Ulmus Androssowii R Kam or Androsowii 1 an elm of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan 2 sometimes referred to in old travel books as Turkestan Elm or as karagach black tree elm its local name 3 is probably an artificial hybrid According to Lozina Lozinskaia the tree is unknown in the wild in Uzbekistan 4 5 and apparently arose from a crossing of U densa var bubyriana Litv now Ulmus minor Umbraculifera which it resembles see the disputed species Ulmus densa and the Siberian Elm Ulmus pumila 6 It is sometimes listed as Ulmus androssowii 7 Ulmus Androssowii Karagach black tree elm SamarkandGenusUlmusCultivar Androssowii OriginUzbekistan Not to be confused with the Ulmus Turkestanica distributed by the Spath nursery of Berlin For U Karagatch see Hybrid cultivars below For so called Ulmus androssowii var subhirsuta C K Schneid and Ulmus androssowii var virgata Planch Grudz see Ulmus chumlia Contents 1 Description 2 Pests and diseases 3 Cultivation 4 Hybrid cultivars 5 Synonymy 6 Accessions 7 Nurseries 8 References 9 External linksDescription edit nbsp Turkestan Elm c 1910 The tree grows to a height of 20 metres 66 ft and is distinguished by its very dense spherical crown and pubescent leaves 8 9 Rehder noted 1939 that though similar in habit to Umbraculifera Androssowi could be easily distinguished by the grayish brown bark of its twigs with conspicuous corky wings on older branches by the pubescent winter buds by the mostly shallow and single toothed leaves pubescent beneath and by the near orbicular fruit 10 13 mm in diameter with the seed slightly above the middle In Umbraculifera by contrast the twigs are red brown and never corky the leaves are more clearly and sharply double toothed only slightly pubescent beneath when young and soon smooth and the obovate fruit is wedge shaped at base and about 1 5 cm long with the seed close to the notch 6 The compact branch structure of Androssowii helps the tree conserve moisture 10 nbsp Androssowii Grange Farm Arboretum Lincolnshire nbsp Leaves of same In a garden near our sarai we saw some very fine karagach 2 3 The karagach or Turkestan elm is one of the typical trees of the Duab landscape chiefly owing to its tendency of forming leafy balloons of great regularity As the main limbs shoot upwards like a bunch of flowers gradually unfolding near the top and as the secondary boughs follow this example the inner space of the cupola of foliage is a tangle of close set ramifications which retains dead branches as well as the flotsam and jetsam of the air As moreover short spikes and twigs grow out everywhere the whole forms a disorderly nest of bark leaves sticks and straws affording protection to many small birds From Willi Rickmer Rickmers The Duab of Turkestan a physiographic sketch and account of some travels 1913 11 Pests and diseases editNot known In 1987 according to a Forestry Commission study of the Dushanbe area Tajikistan elms including Androssowii were plentiful in the city pastures and roadside plantations but no symptoms of Dutch elm disease foliar or internal were found Breeding galleries of a Scolytus species close to Scolytus multistriatus were present in stressed or dying trees but no Ophiostoma ulmi was obtained from the galleries The report concluded that to date the region may have escaped Dutch elm disease through geographical isolation 2 Cultivation editThe hybrid has been widely planted in southern and western areas of the former Soviet Union 12 notably along the streets of Samarkand In western Europe it was distributed by Hesse s Nurseries Weener Germany in the 1930s 13 A specimen was present at Kew Gardens in the 1930s 14 Cold hardy it prefers a rich soil and moderate humidity nbsp Androssowii left U Bubyriana Ulmus minor Umbraculifera right Samarkand 1903 nbsp Turkestan Elm near Samarkand early 20th century nbsp Turkestan Elm near Samarkand early 20th century nbsp Photo captioned Umbraculifera but possibly Androssowii Bukhara Uzbekistan c 1910 Hybrid cultivars editUlmus Karagatch is a hybrid cultivar from Turkestan selected in the early 20th century and said to be either a backcrossing of U pumila and U Androssowii or simply a cultivar of Androssowi Synonymy editUlmus Androssowi Litv in Schedae ad Herbarium Florae Rossicae 8 23 no 2445 t 2 1922 Ulmus pumila f androssowii Litv Rehd Accessions editNorth America Morton Arboretum Illinois US Acc no 353 72 received as U pumila f androssowii Litv Rehder Europe Grange Farm Arboretum Sutton St James Spalding Lincolnshire UK Grafted cuttings acquired 2013 Acc nos 1095 1096 Hortus Botanicus Nationalis Salaspils Latvia Acc nos 18165 18166 as U pumila f androssowii both from Moscow Sir Harold Hillier Gardens Romsey UK Acc nos 2016 0355 2016 0356 Nurseries editEurope Pan global Plants 4 Frampton on Severn Gloucestershire UK References edit Richens R H Elm Cambridge 1981 p 279 a b Forestry Commission Report on Forest Research for the year ended March 1987 Edinburgh 1987 p 45 Rickmers W Rickmer The Duab of Turkestan a physiographic sketch and account of some travels Cambridge 1913 pp 172 26 63 162 166 332 Sokolov 1951 Trees amp Shrubs in the U S S R in Russian 2 506 kiki huh harvard a b Rehder Alfred 1939 Rehder new species varieties and combinations Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 20 88 89 Retrieved 12 August 2016 Ulmus androssowii Litv Plants of the World Online powo science kew org Green Peter Shaw 1964 Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus Arnoldia 24 6 8 Arnold Arboretum Harvard University 41 80 Retrieved 16 February 2017 Herbarium specimen WAG 1846112 Botany catalogues Naturalis Biodiversity Center Formerly labelled U pumila Androssowi Wageningen Arboretum 1962 Herbarium specimen WAG 1846113 Botany catalogues Naturalis Biodiversity Center Formerly labelled U pumila Androssowi Wageningen Arboretum 1962 World Digital Library wdl org en item 5747 Rickmers W Rickmer The Duab of Turkestan a physiographic sketch and account of some travels Cambridge 1913 p 172 Photos of Androssowii yvision kz 1 in Russian Hesse Hermann Albert 1932 Preis und Sortenliste pp 96 97 Retrieved 18 January 2018 Herbarium specimen L 1582323 Botany catalogues Naturalis Biodiversity Center Ulmus formerly mis labelled U angronovii Kew specimen 1935 External links editPhotographs of and information on karagach in Uzbekistan World Digital Library Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ulmus 27Androssowii 27 amp oldid 1221518769, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
