USS Callaway

USS Callaway (APA-35) was a Bayfield-class attack transport that served with the US Navy, and was manned by the United States Coast Guard during World War II.

Callaway at anchor
History
United States
Name	Callaway
Namesake	Callaway County, Missouri
Builder	Western Pipe & Steel
Laid down	10 June 1942
Launched	10 October 1942
Sponsored by	Mrs W. P. Maneull
Christened	Sea Mink
Commissioned	24 April 1943
Decommissioned	10 May 1946
Renamed	USS Callaway, President Harrison, President Fillmore, Hurricane.
Identification	APA-35
Honors and awards	Six battle stars for service in World War II.
Fate	Scrapped 1974
Notes	WPS Hull No. 82. MC Hull No. 270. Type C3-S-A2.
General characteristics
Class and type	Bayfield-class attack transport
Displacement	8,100 long tons (8,200 t) 16,100 long tons (16,400 t) fully loaded
Length	492 ft (150 m)
Beam	69 ft 6 in (21.18 m)
Draft	26 ft 6 in (8.08 m)
Propulsion	General Electric geared turbine, 2 x Combustion Engineering D-type boilers, single propeller, 8,500 shp (6,300 kW)
Speed	18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph)
Boats & landing craft carried	12 x LCVP 4 x LCM (Mk-6) 3 x LCP(L) (MK-IV)
Capacity	200,000 cu ft (5,700 m^3)
Complement	Crew: 51 officers, 524 enlisted Flag: 43 officers, 108 enlisted. Troops: 80 officers, 1,146 enlisted
Armament	2 × single 5 in (127 mm)/38 cal. dual purpose gun mounts 2 × twin 40 mm AA gun mounts forward, port and starboard. 2 × single 40 mm AA gun mounts. 18 × single 20 mm AA gun mounts.

Initially designated as a Navy Transport AP-80, Callaway was quickly re-designated as attack transport APA-35. The vessel was launched 10 October 1942 as Sea Mink by Western Pipe and Steel, San Francisco, California, under a Maritime Commission contract, acquired by the navy 24 April 1943, and commissioned the same day.

Operational history

Kwajalein

Callaway sailed from Norfolk, Virginia, on 23 October 1943 to San Diego, California, and trained with United States Marine Corps to prepare for the first of her five assault landings. Joining Task Force (TF) 53 at Lahaina Roads, Hawaii, Callaway sailed for Kwajalein, where she landed troops in the assault that overwhelmed the defenders on 31 January 1944.

Emirau and Saipan

After staging at Guadalcanal, Callaway proceeded combat loaded for the occupation of Emirau where her troops landed on 20 March 1944. Transfers of troops and cargo in the Solomons and Ellices, and training at Pearl Harbor continued until 29 May, when Callaway got underway for her third assault invasion, Saipan on 15 June. Laden with casualties, Callaway returned to Pearl Harbor to embark army troops for rehearsal landings at Guadalcanal.

Guadalcanal

Callaway set out for Guadalcanal 12 August. On 17 September, the transport launched her troops in the assault on Angaur in the Palaus, then returned to Manus and New Guinea to prepare for her assignment to the first reinforcement echelon for the northern Leyte landings.

Leyte

Arriving in Leyte Gulf 22 October, Callaway landed her troops with the speed and ease born of experience, then retired through the raging Battle for Leyte Gulf for a month of operations supporting the Leyte campaign. These brought the transport back to Leyte 23 November, where she joined in driving off enemy air attacks as she disembarked her troops.

Battle damaged at Lingayen

Preparations in New Guinea preceded in the Lingayen assault, in which Callaway distinguished herself as a member of the Blue Beach Attack Group. As the invasion force sailed north, desperate Japanese kamikaze aircraft suicide attacks were launched in a determined effort to break up the landings, and on 8 January 1945, a kamikaze broke through heavy antiaircraft fire to crash on the starboard wing of Callaway's bridge. The resulting fires were contained, but 29 of Callaway's crew were killed and 22 wounded. Despite this loss, the attack transport resumed active duty the following day. Temporary repairs at Ulithi put her back in action by early February, when she carried Marine reinforcements from Guam to Iwo Jima, and returned with wounded from that battle to Guam, arriving on 8 March.

For the next three months, Callaway transported men and equipment between the bases and operating areas of the western Pacific, then embarked Japanese prisoners of war at Pearl Harbor, whom she carried to San Francisco, arriving 16 June 1945.

After hostilities

Following the Japanese surrender Callaway returned after an overhaul to Pearl Harbor on 27 August, loaded occupation troops, and sailed to disembark them at Wakayama, Japan. Two transpacific voyages carrying homeward bound veterans ended with Callaway's own return to San Francisco on 12 March 1946. The transport then sailed to New York where she was decommissioned on 10 May 1946. For service in World War II, Callaway received six battle stars.

Commercial service

Callaway was sold to American President Lines in March 1949, which converted her back to a cargo ship, with facilities to also carry up to twelve passengers, and renamed the vessel President Harrison. Her name was changed on 10 March 1966 to President Fillmore (IV). On 24 April 1968 she was acquired by the Waterman Steamship Company and renamed Hurricane. Like many of her former Bayfield-class sister ships, Hurricane was scrapped at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, in 1974

Legacy

In 2016 the United States Coast Guard accepted delivery of the Sentinel-class cutter USCGC Rollin A. Fritch, named after Rollin Arnold Fritch, a gunner who died shooting at 9 January 1945 kamikaze.^[1][2][3][4]

References

1. Algis J. Laukaitis (2015-01-12). "U.S. Coast Guard names new cutter after war hero". Lincoln Journal Star. from the original on 2015-01-15. Retrieved 2016-08-24. Fuller said Rollin was the youngest of seven kids in her dad's family and although the Coast Guard lists his birthplace as Pawnee City, Rollin was born in Blue Rapids, Kansas, about 56 miles southwest of Pawnee City.
2. "Bollinger delivers FRC Rollin Fritch to Coast Guard". Bollinger Shipyards: Marine Log. 2016-08-23. from the original on 2016-09-13. The Coast Guard took delivery of the cutter today in Key West, FL, and is scheduled to commission the vessel in Cape May, NJ, in November.
3. Eric Haun (2016-08-23). "Bollinger Delivers 19th FRC to the USCG". Marine Link. from the original on 2016-08-24. Retrieved 2016-08-23. All previous cutters have been stationed in the 7th Coast Guard District in Florida or San Juan, Puerto Rico. The decision to homeport the Rollin Fritch in Cape May, N.J. is significant because it expands the footprint of FRC operations beyond the Bahamas and the Caribbean.
4. Ashley Herriman (2016-08-25). "Coast Guard takes delivery of FRCs 18 and 19". from the original on 2020-04-08. Retrieved 2016-08-26. The decision to homeport the Rollin Fritch in New Jersey officially marks the expansion of FRC operations outside the Bahamas and the Caribbean. The Coast Guard plans to station FRCs in virtually every coastal state, but so far the first 17 FRCs have been stationed in either Florida or Puerto Rico.

• This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships.
• USS Callaway (APA-34), Navsource Online
• USS Callaway (APA-34), DANFS Online
• Mawdsley, Dean L. (2002). Steel Ships and Iron Pipe: Western Pipe and Steel Company of California: The Company, The Yard, The Ships. San Francisco: Associates of the National Maritime Museum Library. p. 136. ISBN 978-1-889901-28-2. OCLC 50164828.