Tymion (Greek: Τυμίον) was an ancient town in Phrygia, Asia Minor (in today's Uşak Central District, Uşak Province, Aegean Region). Its site is located at the Turkish village of Şükraniye. From the middle of the 2nd century CE to the middle of the 6th century CE, Tymion was an important town for the ancient Christian church of Montanism. The Montanists, whose church spread all over the Roman Empire, expected the New Jerusalem to descend to earth at Tymion and the nearby town of Pepuza; Pepuza was the headquarters of Montanism and the seat of the Montanist patriarch. One of the founders of Montanism, Montanus, called both towns "Jerusalem." In late antiquity, both places attracted crowds of pilgrims from all over the Roman Empire. Women played an emancipated role in Montanism. They could become priests and also bishops. In the 6th century CE, this church became extinct.
Since 2001, Peter Lampe of the University of Heidelberg has directed annual archaeological campaigns in Phrygia, Turkey. During these interdisciplinary campaigns, together with William Tabbernee of Tulsa, numerous unknown ancient settlements were discovered and archaeologically documented. Two of them are the best candidates so far in the search for the identification of the two holy centers of ancient Montanism, Pepuza and Tymion. Scholars had searched for these lost sites since the 19th century.
Historians such as W. Weiss, T. Gnoli, S. Destephen, M. Ritter, C.M. Robeck, T.D. Barnes,[1] and the renown classical historian and epigrapher Stephen Mitchell (2023) affirm that Lampe and his team can “claim credit for identifying the location of the Montanist centres Pepuza and Tymion".[2]
The archaeological site at Şükraniye (Karahallı area) that Peter Lampe identified as Tymion was already settled in late Bronze and early Iron Ages. It flourished in Roman and Byzantine times as a rural town where predominantly tenant farmers lived. They worked on an imperial estate and were often oppressed by travelling magistrates or imperial slaves. In a petition, the farmers asked for help from the emperor. The emperor Septimius Severus wrote back that his procurator would support the farmers. The imperial rescript is preserved on an inscription.
Literatureedit
William Tabbernee/Peter Lampe, Pepouza and Tymion: The Discovery and Archaeological Exploration of a Lost Ancient City and an Imperial Estate (deGruyter: Berlin/New York, 2008) ISBN978-3-11-019455-5 und ISBN978-3-11-020859-7
^W. Weiss, “V. Hirschmann, Horrenda Secta,” HoSozKult 2006 (online): https://www.hsozkult.de/publicationreview/id/reb-7581?title=v-e-hirschmann-horrenda-secta&recno=1&q=horrenda&sort=newestPublished&fq=&total=1; T. Gnoli, “W. Tabbernee and P. Lampe, Pepouza and Tymion,” Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2009, 1-5; S. Destephen, “P. McKechnie, Christianizing Asia Minor,” Revue de l’Histoire des Religions 1 (2022) 139; M. Ritter, “Zwanzig Jahre Alte Kirche in Forschung und Darstellung,” Theologische Rundschau 75.1 (2010) 57–58; C.M. Robeck, Jr., “Montanism and Present Day ‘Prophets’,” Pneuma 32 (2010) 413–429, on pp. 421–422; T.D. Barnes, “William Tabbernee and Montanism,” Cristianesimo nella storia 31 (2010) 945–956, on pp. 945–946.
^Stephen Mitchell (The Christians of Phrygia from Rome to the Turkish Conquest, Leiden 2023, pp. XV, 419-422, n.364): They "can also claim credit for identifying the location of the Montanist centres Pepuza and Tymion" (p. XV).
External linksedit
Peter Lampe: "Zwischen Ekstase und Askese". In: "SpiegelOnline" 3.7.2010
tymion, greek, Τυμίον, ancient, town, phrygia, asia, minor, today, uşak, central, district, uşak, province, aegean, region, site, located, turkish, village, şükraniye, from, middle, century, middle, century, important, town, ancient, christian, church, montani. Tymion Greek Tymion was an ancient town in Phrygia Asia Minor in today s Usak Central District Usak Province Aegean Region Its site is located at the Turkish village of Sukraniye From the middle of the 2nd century CE to the middle of the 6th century CE Tymion was an important town for the ancient Christian church of Montanism The Montanists whose church spread all over the Roman Empire expected the New Jerusalem to descend to earth at Tymion and the nearby town of Pepuza Pepuza was the headquarters of Montanism and the seat of the Montanist patriarch One of the founders of Montanism Montanus called both towns Jerusalem In late antiquity both places attracted crowds of pilgrims from all over the Roman Empire Women played an emancipated role in Montanism They could become priests and also bishops In the 6th century CE this church became extinct Since 2001 Peter Lampe of the University of Heidelberg has directed annual archaeological campaigns in Phrygia Turkey During these interdisciplinary campaigns together with William Tabbernee of Tulsa numerous unknown ancient settlements were discovered and archaeologically documented Two of them are the best candidates so far in the search for the identification of the two holy centers of ancient Montanism Pepuza and Tymion Scholars had searched for these lost sites since the 19th century Historians such as W Weiss T Gnoli S Destephen M Ritter C M Robeck T D Barnes 1 and the renown classical historian and epigrapher Stephen Mitchell 2023 affirm that Lampe and his team can claim credit for identifying the location of the Montanist centres Pepuza and Tymion 2 The archaeological site at Sukraniye Karahalli area that Peter Lampe identified as Tymion was already settled in late Bronze and early Iron Ages It flourished in Roman and Byzantine times as a rural town where predominantly tenant farmers lived They worked on an imperial estate and were often oppressed by travelling magistrates or imperial slaves In a petition the farmers asked for help from the emperor The emperor Septimius Severus wrote back that his procurator would support the farmers The imperial rescript is preserved on an inscription Literature editWilliam Tabbernee Peter Lampe Pepouza and Tymion The Discovery and Archaeological Exploration of a Lost Ancient City and an Imperial Estate deGruyter Berlin New York 2008 ISBN 978 3 11 019455 5 und ISBN 978 3 11 020859 7 Peter Lampe Die montanistischen Tymion und Pepouza im Lichte der neuen Tymioninschrift in Zeitschrift fur Antikes Christentum 8 2004 498 512References edit W Weiss V Hirschmann Horrenda Secta HoSozKult 2006 online https www hsozkult de publicationreview id reb 7581 title v e hirschmann horrenda secta amp recno 1 amp q horrenda amp sort newestPublished amp fq amp total 1 T Gnoli W Tabbernee and P Lampe Pepouza and Tymion Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2009 1 5 S Destephen P McKechnie Christianizing Asia Minor Revue de l Histoire des Religions 1 2022 139 M Ritter Zwanzig Jahre Alte Kirche in Forschung und Darstellung Theologische Rundschau 75 1 2010 57 58 C M Robeck Jr Montanism and Present Day Prophets Pneuma 32 2010 413 429 on pp 421 422 T D Barnes William Tabbernee and Montanism Cristianesimo nella storia 31 2010 945 956 on pp 945 946 Stephen Mitchell The Christians of Phrygia from Rome to the Turkish Conquest Leiden 2023 pp XV 419 422 n 364 They can also claim credit for identifying the location of the Montanist centres Pepuza and Tymion p XV External links editUniversity of Heidelberg The Discovery of Pepouza and Tymion Peter Lampe Zwischen Ekstase und Askese In SpiegelOnline 3 7 2010 Video clip 38 29 13 N 29 25 58 E 38 487 N 29 4327 E 38 487 29 4327 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tymion amp oldid 1219358257, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
