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Tupolev '73'

April 09, 2024

The Tupolev '73', (samolyot 73), was a Soviet trijet medium bomber of the late 1940s. It lost out to the Ilyushin Il-28 'Beagle'.

'73'
Role Medium bomber
Manufacturer Tupolev
Designer Sergei Yeger
First flight 29 December 1947
Status Cancelled
Primary user Soviet Naval Aviation
Developed from Tupolev Tu-72
Developed into Tupolev Tu-14

Development edit

The Tupolev OKB continued to develop the Tu-2 line with the advent of gas turbine power-plants. The Tu-8 ('69')was redesigned with two Rolls-Royce Nene I turbojet engines, replacing the piston engines in new nacelles. The new design was given the OKB designation '72' and official designation Tu-18 2 × Nene I, but was abandoned due to the more promising '73' design soaking up resources.

Following the general arrangement of the Tu-2- Tu-8, '72', the initial '73' short-range bomber (official designation; Tu-20 2 × Nene I) had a shoulder mounted wing, a large unswept fin and rudder with integral dorsal fin, tri-cycle undercarriage and engines in long under-slung nacelles at about 1/3 span, which also housed the main undercarriage legs, when retracted. Before the design was finalised it was discovered that the Nene I engines were producing less power than expected; 19.57 kN (4,400 lbf) and not the expected 22.26 kN (5,004 lbf), necessitating the addition of a Rolls-Royce Derwent V booster engine in the rear fuselage, exhausting at the base of the fin.

The three-engined '73' (official designation; Tu-14 2 × Nene I + 1 × Derwent V) was accepted for development and the '73' first flew on 29 December 1947, with flight tests continuing until 31 May 1949, with promising results, resulting in a production order for ten '73S' pre-production prototypes, powered by RD-45 and RD-500 (Soviet production Nene and Derwent engines). None of the pre-production order were completed but parts manufactured at GAZ-23 were absorbed by the Tupolev Tu-14 production line at GAZ-39.

Further development of the '73' line resulted in the photo-reconnaissance '73R' / '78' (official designation; Tu-16 2 × Nene I + 1 × Derwent V). The '78' was outwardly identical to the '73' with the exception of a retractable conical shutter over the intake of the rear fuselage Derwent at the forward end of the dorsal fillet. The '78' first flew on 7 May 1948 and conducted flight trials of the photographic equipment, which were unsatisfactory. Improvements to the photographic equipment notwithstanding the Council of Ministers cancelled all further development or production of the '73', '78' and '79' on 14 May 1949.

Two more phot-recce projects were designed both similar to the '73' and '78'. The first '79' (official designation; Tu-30 2 × Nene I + 1 × Derwent V) was not proceeded with. The second '79' (official designation; Tu-20 2 × VK-1 + 1 x RD-500), was to have utilised an uncompleted '73S' airframe but development was cancelled as noted above.

The VVS (Voyenno-Vozdushnyye Sily - Soviet air force) rejected the three-engined bombers as they were averse to fielding aircraft with two engine types. They were also more in favour of the Ilyushin Il-28 for medium bomber roles. The AV-MF (Aviatsiya Voyenno-Morskogo Flota - naval aviation), however, were in need of a torpedo bomber which was developed from the final '73' iteration, the '81 (official designation; Tu-14 2 × VK-1) as the '81T' (official designation; Tu-14T 2 × VK-1). Production aircraft were delivered to the AV-MF as the Tupolev Tu-14T.[1]

Variants edit

Data from: OKB Tupolev: A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft[1]

'72'
Initial project for a tactical bomber powered by two Rolls-Royce Nene I turbojet engines, derived from the Tupolev '69' (Tu-8), not built.
Tu-18 2 x Nene I: official designation.
'73'
Initial short range bomber project, powered by two Rolls-Royce Nene I turbojet engines, not built.
Tu-20 2 x Nene I: official designation.
'73'
experimental bomber project, powered by two Rolls-Royce Nene I and one Rolls-Royce Derwent V turbojet engines, one built.
Tu-14 2 x Nene I + 1 x Derwent V: official designation.
'73S': Ten pre-production prototypes ordered but only partially completed before cancellation.
'73R': original OKB designation for the '78' photo-recce design.
'78'
Reconnaissance version, powered by Rolls-Royce engines, one built.
Tu-16 2 x Nene I + 1 x Derwent V: official designation.
'79'
initial project for a photo-recce aircraft based on the '73'
Tu-30 2 x Nene I + 1 x Derwent V: official designation.
'79'
'78' powered by Klimov VK-1 Soviet-built Rolls-Royce engines. Originally designated '73R'.
Tu-20 2 x VK-1 + 1 x RD-500: official designation.
'81'
Twin-engined medium bomber development of '73'.
Tu-14 2 x VK-1: official designation.
'81T'
Twin-engined torpedo bomber development of '73' for the AV-MF.
Tu-14T 2 x VK-1: official designation.

Specifications ('73' / Tu-14 2 × Nene I + 1 × Derwent V) edit

Data from OKB Tupolev: A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft[1]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 4
  • Length: 20.32 m (66 ft 8 in)
  • Wingspan: 21.7 m (71 ft 2 in)
  • Height: 5.93 m (19 ft 5 in)
  • Wing area: 67.38 m2 (725.3 sq ft)
  • Gross weight: 21,100 kg (46,518 lb)
  • Powerplant: 2 × Rolls-Royce Nene I centrifugal-flow turbojet, 20 kN (4,400 lbf) thrust each
  • Powerplant: 1 × Rolls-Royce Derwent V centrifugal-flow turbojet, 16 kN (3,500 lbf) thrust

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 872 km/h (542 mph, 471 kn) at 5,000 m (16,000 ft)
  • Combat range: 2,810 km (1,750 mi, 1,520 nmi) with normal bomb load
  • Service ceiling: 11,500 m (37,700 ft)

Armament

  • Guns: 6 x 23 mm (0.91 in) Nudelman-Suranov NS-23 cannon in dorsal, ventral remotely-controlled barbettes with two in fixed forward firing mounts in the lower forward fuselage.
  • Bombs: 1,000–1,500 kg (2,200–3,300 lb) of bombs in an internal fuselage bomb bay

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Gordon & Rigamant, pp. 117–129

Bibliography edit

  • Duffy, Paul & Kandalov, Andrei (1996). Tupolev: The Man and His Aircraft. Warrendale, Pennsylvania: SAE. ISBN 1-56091-899-3.
  • Gordon, Yefim & Rigamant, Vladimir (2005). OKB Tupolev: A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft. Hinckley, UK: Midland Publishing. ISBN 1-85780-214-4.
  • Gunston, Bill (1995). Tupolev Aircraft Since 1922. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-882-8.

April 09, 2024
tupolev, samolyot, soviet, trijet, medium, bomber, late, 1940s, lost, ilyushin, beagle, role, medium, bombermanufacturer, tupolevdesigner, sergei, yegerfirst, flight, december, 1947status, cancelledprimary, user, soviet, naval, aviationdeveloped, from, tupolev. The Tupolev 73 samolyot 73 was a Soviet trijet medium bomber of the late 1940s It lost out to the Ilyushin Il 28 Beagle 73 Role Medium bomberManufacturer TupolevDesigner Sergei YegerFirst flight 29 December 1947Status CancelledPrimary user Soviet Naval AviationDeveloped from Tupolev Tu 72Developed into Tupolev Tu 14 Contents 1 Development 2 Variants 3 Specifications 73 Tu 14 2 Nene I 1 Derwent V 4 References 5 BibliographyDevelopment editThe Tupolev OKB continued to develop the Tu 2 line with the advent of gas turbine power plants The Tu 8 69 was redesigned with two Rolls Royce Nene I turbojet engines replacing the piston engines in new nacelles The new design was given the OKB designation 72 and official designation Tu 18 2 Nene I but was abandoned due to the more promising 73 design soaking up resources Following the general arrangement of the Tu 2 Tu 8 72 the initial 73 short range bomber official designation Tu 20 2 Nene I had a shoulder mounted wing a large unswept fin and rudder with integral dorsal fin tri cycle undercarriage and engines in long under slung nacelles at about 1 3 span which also housed the main undercarriage legs when retracted Before the design was finalised it was discovered that the Nene I engines were producing less power than expected 19 57 kN 4 400 lbf and not the expected 22 26 kN 5 004 lbf necessitating the addition of a Rolls Royce Derwent V booster engine in the rear fuselage exhausting at the base of the fin The three engined 73 official designation Tu 14 2 Nene I 1 Derwent V was accepted for development and the 73 first flew on 29 December 1947 with flight tests continuing until 31 May 1949 with promising results resulting in a production order for ten 73S pre production prototypes powered by RD 45 and RD 500 Soviet production Nene and Derwent engines None of the pre production order were completed but parts manufactured at GAZ 23 were absorbed by the Tupolev Tu 14 production line at GAZ 39 Further development of the 73 line resulted in the photo reconnaissance 73R 78 official designation Tu 16 2 Nene I 1 Derwent V The 78 was outwardly identical to the 73 with the exception of a retractable conical shutter over the intake of the rear fuselage Derwent at the forward end of the dorsal fillet The 78 first flew on 7 May 1948 and conducted flight trials of the photographic equipment which were unsatisfactory Improvements to the photographic equipment notwithstanding the Council of Ministers cancelled all further development or production of the 73 78 and 79 on 14 May 1949 Two more phot recce projects were designed both similar to the 73 and 78 The first 79 official designation Tu 30 2 Nene I 1 Derwent V was not proceeded with The second 79 official designation Tu 20 2 VK 1 1 x RD 500 was to have utilised an uncompleted 73S airframe but development was cancelled as noted above The VVS Voyenno Vozdushnyye Sily Soviet air force rejected the three engined bombers as they were averse to fielding aircraft with two engine types They were also more in favour of the Ilyushin Il 28 for medium bomber roles The AV MF Aviatsiya Voyenno Morskogo Flota naval aviation however were in need of a torpedo bomber which was developed from the final 73 iteration the 81 official designation Tu 14 2 VK 1 as the 81T official designation Tu 14T 2 VK 1 Production aircraft were delivered to the AV MF as the Tupolev Tu 14T 1 Variants editData from OKB Tupolev A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft 1 72 Initial project for a tactical bomber powered by two Rolls Royce Nene I turbojet engines derived from the Tupolev 69 Tu 8 not built Tu 18 2 x Nene I official designation dd 73 Initial short range bomber project powered by two Rolls Royce Nene I turbojet engines not built Tu 20 2 x Nene I official designation dd 73 experimental bomber project powered by two Rolls Royce Nene I and one Rolls Royce Derwent V turbojet engines one built Tu 14 2 x Nene I 1 x Derwent V official designation 73S Ten pre production prototypes ordered but only partially completed before cancellation 73R original OKB designation for the 78 photo recce design dd 78 Reconnaissance version powered by Rolls Royce engines one built Tu 16 2 x Nene I 1 x Derwent V official designation dd 79 initial project for a photo recce aircraft based on the 73 Tu 30 2 x Nene I 1 x Derwent V official designation dd 79 78 powered by Klimov VK 1 Soviet built Rolls Royce engines Originally designated 73R Tu 20 2 x VK 1 1 x RD 500 official designation dd 81 Twin engined medium bomber development of 73 Tu 14 2 x VK 1 official designation dd 81T Twin engined torpedo bomber development of 73 for the AV MF Tu 14T 2 x VK 1 official designation dd Specifications 73 Tu 14 2 Nene I 1 Derwent V editData from OKB Tupolev A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft 1 General characteristicsCrew 4 Length 20 32 m 66 ft 8 in Wingspan 21 7 m 71 ft 2 in Height 5 93 m 19 ft 5 in Wing area 67 38 m2 725 3 sq ft Gross weight 21 100 kg 46 518 lb Powerplant 2 Rolls Royce Nene I centrifugal flow turbojet 20 kN 4 400 lbf thrust each Powerplant 1 Rolls Royce Derwent V centrifugal flow turbojet 16 kN 3 500 lbf thrustPerformance Maximum speed 872 km h 542 mph 471 kn at 5 000 m 16 000 ft Combat range 2 810 km 1 750 mi 1 520 nmi with normal bomb load Service ceiling 11 500 m 37 700 ft Armament Guns 6 x 23 mm 0 91 in Nudelman Suranov NS 23 cannon in dorsal ventral remotely controlled barbettes with two in fixed forward firing mounts in the lower forward fuselage Bombs 1 000 1 500 kg 2 200 3 300 lb of bombs in an internal fuselage bomb bayReferences edit a b c Gordon amp Rigamant pp 117 129Bibliography editDuffy Paul amp Kandalov Andrei 1996 Tupolev The Man and His Aircraft Warrendale Pennsylvania SAE ISBN 1 56091 899 3 Gordon Yefim amp Rigamant Vladimir 2005 OKB Tupolev A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft Hinckley UK Midland Publishing ISBN 1 85780 214 4 Gunston Bill 1995 Tupolev Aircraft Since 1922 Annapolis Maryland Naval Institute Press ISBN 1 55750 882 8 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tupolev 2773 27 amp oldid 1143276783, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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