The Cave of the Trois-Frères is a cave in southwestern France famous for its cave paintings. It is located in Montesquieu-Avantès, in the Ariègedépartement. The cave is named for three brothers (French: trois frères, pronounced[tʁwɑfʁɛʁ]), Max, Jacques, and Louis Begouën, who, along with their father Comte Henri Begouën [fr], discovered it in 1914.[1] The drawings of the cave were made famous in the publications of the Abbé Henri Breuil. The cave art appears to date to approximately 13,000 BC.[2]
Sketch of Breuil's "The Sorcerer"Drawing of the cave cricket engraving
One of the paintings, known as "The Sorcerer", is the "most famous and enigmatic human figure" with the features of several different animals, whose exact characteristics remain a matter of debate.[3]
Engravings featuring what appear to be several birds and a cave cricket were found on a fragment of bison bone at the junction of Trois-Frères with the Grotte d'Enlène. The grasshopper was portrayed with such fidelity that the insect's species has been determined.[4][citation needed] It is thought to be the earliest known representation of an insect.[5]
A variety of engraved animals are found on the cave walls, including lions, owls, and bison. Of particular note is a horse overlaid with claviform (club-like) symbols,[6] and an apparently speared brown bear vomiting blood.[7]
Aside from the "Sorcerer", other human-like figures can be seen at Trois-Frères, such as the man-bison, and a character known as the "small sorcerer" who appears to be playing a nose-flute.[5] Also of interest is an etched representation of a 59cm long phallus that follows the contours of the cave walls.[8]
Tuc d'Audoubertedit
Clay sculpted bison from Trois Frères (facsimile)
The Trois-Freres cave is part of a single cave-complex formed by the Volp River. The complex is divided into three caves; the central Trois-Freres, Enlène (French pronunciation:[ɑ̃lɛn]) to the east, and the Tuc d'Audoubert (pronounced[tykdodubɛʁ]) to the west.
The Tuc d'Audoubert was discovered by the three teenage brothers in 1912. The galleries are situated on three levels; the River Volp flows through the lowest, the middle contains decorated galleries known as the La Salle Nuptiale (The Bridal Room) and La Galerie des Gravures (The Gallery of Engravings), while the upper has further decoration in La Chatière and Salle des Talons (Hall of Claws) and finishes in the Salle des Bisons (Hall of Bisons).[9] In 2013 the Tracking in Caves project tested experience based reading of prehistoric footprints by specialised trackers of Ju/'hoansi San with great success.[10]
The Salle des Bisons contains two masterfully modeled bison, which were sculpted in clay with a stone spatula-like tool and the artist's fingers. The pair are among the largest and finest surviving prehistoric sculptures.[11]
^"Trois Freres". Encyclopedia britannica. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
^"Trois Freres Cave, Ariege: Sorcerer Rock Engraving". Visual-arts-cork com. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
^Connell, Evan (2001). "Olduval & All That". The Aztec Treasure House. Washington, D.C.: Counterpoint. p. 37. ISBN1-58243-162-0.
^ abBégouën H., 1929: À propos de l'idée de fécondité dans l'iconographie préhistorique, Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, 26, 3, pp 197–199.
^Sieveking, A., 1979: Cave Artists (Ancient Peoples and Places)
^Breuil H., 1930: Un dessin de la grotte des Trois frères (Montesquieu-Avantès) Ariège, Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 74e année, N. 3, 1930. pp. 261–264.
^Bégouën E., Bégouën M., 2013a: Découverte d'un grand phallus gravé magdalénien dans la grotte des Trois-Frères (Ariège), Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Française, Tome 110, numéro 1, janvier-mars 2013, p. 127–129.
^Bégouën R., Clottes J., 1991: Portable and Wall Art in the Volp Caves, Montesquieu-Avantès (Ariège), Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 57, pp 65-79.
^"'Tracking in caves': On the trail of pre-historic humans -- ScienceDaily". sciencedaily. Retrieved February 4, 2017.
^Kleiner, Fred (2009). Gardner's Art through the Ages: The Western Perspective, Volume 1. p. 36. ISBN978-0495573609.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Grotte des Trois-Frères.
Cave Paintings and Sculptures
December 15, 2023
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Trois Freres redirects here For the film see The Three Brothers film The Cave of the Trois Freres is a cave in southwestern France famous for its cave paintings It is located in Montesquieu Avantes in the Ariege departement The cave is named for three brothers French trois freres pronounced tʁwɑ fʁɛʁ Max Jacques and Louis Begouen who along with their father Comte Henri Begouen fr discovered it in 1914 1 The drawings of the cave were made famous in the publications of the Abbe Henri Breuil The cave art appears to date to approximately 13 000 BC 2 Cave of the Trois FreresGrotte des Trois FreresEntrance to the Grotte du Tuc d Audoubert 1912location in FranceAlternative nameLes Trois FreresLocationMontesquieu AvantesRegionAriege southwestern FranceCoordinates43 1 52 N 1 12 30 E 43 03111 N 1 20833 E 43 03111 1 20833Typelimestone karst cave complexPart ofThree cave complexHistoryPeriodslate Upper Paleolithic 13 000 BCCulturesMagdalenianAssociated withPaleo HumansSite notesArchaeologistsHenri Breuil Contents 1 Artwork 2 Tuc d Audoubert 3 References 4 External linksArtwork edit nbsp Sketch of Breuil s The Sorcerer nbsp Drawing of the cave cricket engravingOne of the paintings known as The Sorcerer is the most famous and enigmatic human figure with the features of several different animals whose exact characteristics remain a matter of debate 3 Engravings featuring what appear to be several birds and a cave cricket were found on a fragment of bison bone at the junction of Trois Freres with the Grotte d Enlene The grasshopper was portrayed with such fidelity that the insect s species has been determined 4 citation needed It is thought to be the earliest known representation of an insect 5 A variety of engraved animals are found on the cave walls including lions owls and bison Of particular note is a horse overlaid with claviform club like symbols 6 and an apparently speared brown bear vomiting blood 7 Aside from the Sorcerer other human like figures can be seen at Trois Freres such as the man bison and a character known as the small sorcerer who appears to be playing a nose flute 5 Also of interest is an etched representation of a 59 cm long phallus that follows the contours of the cave walls 8 Tuc d Audoubert edit nbsp Clay sculpted bison from Trois Freres facsimile The Trois Freres cave is part of a single cave complex formed by the Volp River The complex is divided into three caves the central Trois Freres Enlene French pronunciation ɑ lɛn to the east and the Tuc d Audoubert pronounced tyk dodubɛʁ to the west The Tuc d Audoubert was discovered by the three teenage brothers in 1912 The galleries are situated on three levels the River Volp flows through the lowest the middle contains decorated galleries known as the La Salle Nuptiale The Bridal Room and La Galerie des Gravures The Gallery of Engravings while the upper has further decoration in La Chatiere and Salle des Talons Hall of Claws and finishes in the Salle des Bisons Hall of Bisons 9 In 2013 the Tracking in Caves project tested experience based reading of prehistoric footprints by specialised trackers of Ju hoansi San with great success 10 The Salle des Bisons contains two masterfully modeled bison which were sculpted in clay with a stone spatula like tool and the artist s fingers The pair are among the largest and finest surviving prehistoric sculptures 11 References edit Young Folks Find Cave Art The Independent Record August 15 1957 p 12 Retrieved November 13 2021 via Newspapers com Trois Freres Encyclopedia britannica Retrieved December 27 2016 Trois Freres Cave Ariege Sorcerer Rock Engraving Visual arts cork com Retrieved December 27 2016 Connell Evan 2001 Olduval amp All That The Aztec Treasure House Washington D C Counterpoint p 37 ISBN 1 58243 162 0 a b Begouen H 1929 A propos de l idee de fecondite dans l iconographie prehistorique Bulletin de la Societe prehistorique francaise 26 3 pp 197 199 Sieveking A 1979 Cave Artists Ancient Peoples and Places Breuil H 1930 Un dessin de la grotte des Trois freres Montesquieu Avantes Ariege Comptes rendus des seances de l Academie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres 74e annee N 3 1930 pp 261 264 Begouen E Begouen M 2013a Decouverte d un grand phallus grave magdalenien dans la grotte des Trois Freres Ariege Bulletin de la Societe Prehistorique Francaise Tome 110 numero 1 janvier mars 2013 p 127 129 Begouen R Clottes J 1991 Portable and Wall Art in the Volp Caves Montesquieu Avantes Ariege Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 57 pp 65 79 Tracking in caves On the trail of pre historic humans ScienceDaily sciencedaily Retrieved February 4 2017 Kleiner Fred 2009 Gardner s Art through the Ages The Western Perspective Volume 1 p 36 ISBN 978 0495573609 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Grotte des Trois Freres Cave Paintings and Sculptures Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cave of the Trois Freres amp oldid 1183638025 Tuc d Audoubert, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
