The Tsukuriyama Kofun is a zenpō-kōen-fun (前方後円墳), which is shaped like a keyhole, having one square end and one circular end, when viewed from above. The tumulus was built by cutting a hill on the right bank of the Ashimori River in the western part of Okayama city. The tumulus consists of three tiers, and each tier was lined with cylindrical haniwa and covered with fukiishi. It has a length of approximately 350 meters, and is estimated to have been built in the first half of the 5th century. A characteristic of this burial mound is that the ratio of the posterior circular portion to the length of the mound is large. The anterior portion is thought to have been modified in the Sengoku period, when a Shinto shrine was constructed, and a hamlet exists on the southeastern end of the mound. The chozubachi placed next the shrine is the body part of a hollowed-out sarcophagus made of tuff, and fragments of the lid of the sarcophagus are scattered on the right side of the shrine. This sarcophagus is presumed to have been robbed from one of the tumuli in this area at some unknown date. From the size of the tumulus, it is believed to be the tomb of the 5th century kings of the Kingdom of Kibi. The posterior portion was also flattened and was used as a fortification and lookout point during Toyotomi Hideyoshi's invasion of western Japan.[2]
Although it is the largest tumulus not under the control of the Imperial Household Agency, full-scale academic research has not been conducted to date, and the interior has not yet been excavated, so details of the burial chamber and grave goods are unknown. From 2009 to 2012, a research team from Okayama University conducted an excavation outside of the designated historic site for the purpose of identifying the scale at the time of construction, the existence of a surrounding moat, and for confirmation of relics that can be used to estimate the construction period. As a result, the existence of a surrounding 20-meter wide moat was confirmed on the east side of the posterior circular portion, and a large number of haniwa fragments from various shapes of haniwa was recovered. In 2016, a portion of the tumulus slope collapsed due to heavy rain.[2]
There are six smaller kofun in the surrounding area, which are regarded to being baizuka, or ancillary tombs, for the main Tsukuriyama Kofun. The Senzoku Kofun (Tsukuriyama No. 5 Kofun) is a rare decorated kofun, with paintings of magical symbols on the stone walls of the horizontal stone burial chamber. This keyhole-shaped tumulus has a total length of 75 meters. It was robbed in antiquity, and a stone sarcophagus remains in its anterior portion. In October 2009, the paintings were found to be detecting from the walls due to water damage, and the growth of mold was found to be problem in May 2010, leading to academic researchers detaching the murals for preservation.[2]
The Tsukuriyama Kofun Visitor Center (造山古墳ビジターセンター) was opened in April 2020.[2]
Construction of 3 stages. It has an early horizontal stone chamber similar to the ornamental burial mounds in the northwestern part of Kyushu. In the stone chamber, there is a stone partition carved with a straight arc pattern.
^"造山古墳 第一、二、三、四、五、六古墳" (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved August 20, 2022.
^ abcdIsomura, Yukio; Sakai, Hideya (2012). (国指定史跡事典) National Historic Site Encyclopedia. 学生社. ISBN4311750404.(in Japanese)
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tsukuriyama Kofun (Okayama).
Okayama City home page(in Japanese)
Okayama Prefecture home page(in Japanese)
April 06, 2024
tsukuriyama, kofun, okayama, tsukuriyama, kofun, 造山古墳, cluster, kofun, period, burial, mounds, located, shinjōshita, neighborhood, kita, okayama, okayama, prefecture, region, japan, cluster, designated, national, historic, site, japan, 1921, main, tsukuriyama,. Tsukuriyama Kofun 造山古墳 is a cluster of Kofun period burial mounds located in the Shinjōshita neighborhood of Kita ku Okayama Okayama Prefecture in the San yō region of Japan The cluster was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1921 1 The main Tsukuriyama Kofun is the largest burial mound in Okayama Prefecture and the fourth largest in Japan Tsukuriyama Kofun造山古墳Tsukuriyama KofunTsukuriyama KofunShow map of Okayama PrefectureTsukuriyama Kofun Okayama Japan Show map of JapanLocationKita ku Okayama Okayama Prefecture JapanRegionSan yō regionCoordinates34 40 25 63 N 133 48 13 35 E 34 6737861 N 133 8037083 E 34 6737861 133 8037083TypeKofunHistoryFoundedearly 5th centuryPeriodsKofun periodSite notesPublic accessYes museum National Historic Site of JapanPanoramic View Contents 1 Overview 1 1 Details 1 2 Baizuka 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksOverview editThe Tsukuriyama Kofun is a zenpō kōen fun 前方後円墳 which is shaped like a keyhole having one square end and one circular end when viewed from above The tumulus was built by cutting a hill on the right bank of the Ashimori River in the western part of Okayama city The tumulus consists of three tiers and each tier was lined with cylindrical haniwa and covered with fukiishi It has a length of approximately 350 meters and is estimated to have been built in the first half of the 5th century A characteristic of this burial mound is that the ratio of the posterior circular portion to the length of the mound is large The anterior portion is thought to have been modified in the Sengoku period when a Shinto shrine was constructed and a hamlet exists on the southeastern end of the mound The chozubachi placed next the shrine is the body part of a hollowed out sarcophagus made of tuff and fragments of the lid of the sarcophagus are scattered on the right side of the shrine This sarcophagus is presumed to have been robbed from one of the tumuli in this area at some unknown date From the size of the tumulus it is believed to be the tomb of the 5th century kings of the Kingdom of Kibi The posterior portion was also flattened and was used as a fortification and lookout point during Toyotomi Hideyoshi s invasion of western Japan 2 Although it is the largest tumulus not under the control of the Imperial Household Agency full scale academic research has not been conducted to date and the interior has not yet been excavated so details of the burial chamber and grave goods are unknown From 2009 to 2012 a research team from Okayama University conducted an excavation outside of the designated historic site for the purpose of identifying the scale at the time of construction the existence of a surrounding moat and for confirmation of relics that can be used to estimate the construction period As a result the existence of a surrounding 20 meter wide moat was confirmed on the east side of the posterior circular portion and a large number of haniwa fragments from various shapes of haniwa was recovered In 2016 a portion of the tumulus slope collapsed due to heavy rain 2 There are six smaller kofun in the surrounding area which are regarded to being baizuka or ancillary tombs for the main Tsukuriyama Kofun The Senzoku Kofun Tsukuriyama No 5 Kofun is a rare decorated kofun with paintings of magical symbols on the stone walls of the horizontal stone burial chamber This keyhole shaped tumulus has a total length of 75 meters It was robbed in antiquity and a stone sarcophagus remains in its anterior portion In October 2009 the paintings were found to be detecting from the walls due to water damage and the growth of mold was found to be problem in May 2010 leading to academic researchers detaching the murals for preservation 2 The Tsukuriyama Kofun Visitor Center 造山古墳ビジターセンター was opened in April 2020 2 Details edit Overall length 350 360 meters Posterior circular portion 190 meter diameter x 29 meter high 3 tier Anterior rectangular portion 215 meters wide x 25 meters high 3 tier nbsp Looking forward from the rear circular part nbsp Stone sarcophagus nbsp Fragments of stone sarcophagusBaizuka edit Sakakiyama Kofun Tsukuriyama No 1 empun ja 円墳 circuler mound or zenpō kōen fun 前方後円墳 Rear circle diameter about 40m A horse shaped belt hook was excavated In addition a divine beast mirror and copper bells were excavated Tsukuriyama No 2 hōfun ja 方墳 square mound About 40 meters on a side Surrounding moat exists More than 100 haniwa were unearthed in a row on the outer bank Tsukuriyama No 3 empun ja 円墳 uncertain Diameter about 30 metersTsukuriyama No 4 empun ja 円墳 circular mound or zenpō kōen fun 前方後円墳 Length 55 meters Cylindrical and figurative haniwa house shaped and armor shaped excavated from the edge of the mound Senzoku Kofun Tsukuriyama No 5 hotategata kofun ja 帆立貝形古墳 scallop shaped kofun Length 75 meters Construction of 3 stages It has an early horizontal stone chamber similar to the ornamental burial mounds in the northwestern part of Kyushu In the stone chamber there is a stone partition carved with a straight arc pattern Tsukuriyama No 6 empun ja 円墳 circular mound Diameter 30 meters It has a horizontal stone chamber nbsp Sakakiyama Kofun Tsukuriyama No 1 nbsp Tsukuriyama No 2 nbsp Tsukuriyama No 3 nbsp Tsukuriyama No 4 nbsp Senzoku Kofun Tsukuriyama No 5 See also editList of Historic Sites of Japan Okayama References edit 造山古墳 第一 二 三 四 五 六古墳 in Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs Retrieved August 20 2022 a b c d Isomura Yukio Sakai Hideya 2012 国指定史跡事典 National Historic Site Encyclopedia 学生社 ISBN 4311750404 in Japanese External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tsukuriyama Kofun Okayama Okayama City home page in Japanese Okayama Prefecture home page in Japanese Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tsukuriyama Kofun Okayama amp oldid 1182224554, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
