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Trump (card games)

A trump is a playing card which is elevated above its usual rank in trick-taking games. Typically, an entire suit is nominated as a trump suit; these cards then outrank all cards of plain (non-trump) suits. In other contexts, the terms trump card or to trump refers to any sort of action, authority, or policy which automatically prevails over all others.

Etymology

The English word trump derives from trionfi, a type of 15th-century Italian playing cards, from the Latin triumphus "triumph, victory procession", ultimately (via Etruscan) from Greek θρίαμβος, the term for a hymn to Dionysus sung in processions in his honour.

Trionfi was the 15th-century card game for which tarot cards were designed. Trionfi were a fifth suit in the card game which acted as permanent trumps. Still in the 15th century, the French game triomphe (Spanish triunfo) used four suits, one of which was randomly selected as trumps. It was this game that became extremely popular in Western Europe in the 16th century and is ancestral to many modern card games.

The English word is first documented in 1529 as the name of a card game which would develop into Ruff and Honours and ultimately Whist.[1] In German, the term is attested as Triumph in 1541; the modern German spelling Trumpf is recorded from 1590.[2] In French, triomphe remained the name of the game, while the trump suit was called atout, from à tout (as it were "all-in").[3] Some European languages (Hungarian, Greek) adopted the French term. Russian козырь kozyr' is of unknown etymology, possibly a loan from a Turkic source.[4] Polish variously uses atut, trumf and kozer adopted from the French, German and Russian respectively.

Trump in card games

In most games, the relative rank of cards within a suit is the same in trump and plain suits, but they may sometimes differ, for example in Klabberjass, Euchre, or Eighty Points.

The trump suit may be fixed as in Spades, rotate on a fixed schedule or depend on the outcome of the previous hand as in Ninety-nine, be determined by drawing a card at random as in Bezique, by the last card dealt to a designated player as in Whist, by the first card played as in Nine Card Don, be chosen by a designated player as in Barbu, or players may bid for the right to select the trump suit as in Contract Bridge or Skat.

In most games, trump cards cannot be played if the player has any cards of the suit led to the trick; the requirement to "follow suit" is of higher priority. In a few games, trumps can be played at any time. Playing the first trump to an already-started trick is known as trumping or ruffing; if another player were to play a higher trump, that would be an overruff or overtrump.

The tarot deck contains a fifth suit, known in gaming as the atouts or honours and in occult circles as the Major Arcana, which serves as a permanent trump suit in games played with the tarot deck. The suit consists of twenty-two cards, including a Fool which serves as a highest trump (in Central Europe) or excuses the players from following suit elsewhere.[5]

Due primarily to the prevalence of the trump in card games, the term used in Japan for the standard 52-card deck of playing cards is toranpu (トランプ), derived from the English word "trump".[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ Etymonline.com
  2. ^ Wolfgang Pfeifer, Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen (1997)
  3. ^ recorded in 1440 in jouer atout "making a risky play", used figuratively in the military context of a siege. cnrtl.fr
  4. ^ Max Vasmer, "козырь" in Этимологический словарь русского языка(1964–1973).
  5. ^ Place, Robert Michael (2005). The Tarot: History, Symbolism, and Divination. Penguin. pp. 5–8. ISBN 1-58542-349-1. Retrieved September 2, 2010. The Tarot: History, Symbolism, and Divination.
  6. ^ A Japanese website for a playing card manufacturer (Nintendo) selling "Trump" playing cards.

trump, card, games, trumps, redirects, here, family, family, donald, trump, trump, redirects, here, movements, opposing, donald, trump, protests, against, donald, trump, trump, cards, redirects, here, donald, trump, venture, trump, organization, related, ventu. Trumps redirects here For the family see Family of Donald Trump No trump redirects here For movements opposing Donald Trump see Protests against Donald Trump Trump cards redirects here For Donald Trump s NFT venture see The Trump Organization Related ventures and investments A trump is a playing card which is elevated above its usual rank in trick taking games Typically an entire suit is nominated as a trump suit these cards then outrank all cards of plain non trump suits In other contexts the terms trump card or to trump refers to any sort of action authority or policy which automatically prevails over all others Contents 1 Etymology 2 Trump in card games 3 See also 4 ReferencesEtymology EditMain article Trionfi cards The English word trump derives from trionfi a type of 15th century Italian playing cards from the Latin triumphus triumph victory procession ultimately via Etruscan from Greek 8riambos the term for a hymn to Dionysus sung in processions in his honour Trionfi was the 15th century card game for which tarot cards were designed Trionfi were a fifth suit in the card game which acted as permanent trumps Still in the 15th century the French game triomphe Spanish triunfo used four suits one of which was randomly selected as trumps It was this game that became extremely popular in Western Europe in the 16th century and is ancestral to many modern card games The English word is first documented in 1529 as the name of a card game which would develop into Ruff and Honours and ultimately Whist 1 In German the term is attested as Triumph in 1541 the modern German spelling Trumpf is recorded from 1590 2 In French triomphe remained the name of the game while the trump suit was called atout from a tout as it were all in 3 Some European languages Hungarian Greek adopted the French term Russian kozyr kozyr is of unknown etymology possibly a loan from a Turkic source 4 Polish variously uses atut trumf and kozer adopted from the French German and Russian respectively Trump in card games EditIn most games the relative rank of cards within a suit is the same in trump and plain suits but they may sometimes differ for example in Klabberjass Euchre or Eighty Points The trump suit may be fixed as in Spades rotate on a fixed schedule or depend on the outcome of the previous hand as in Ninety nine be determined by drawing a card at random as in Bezique by the last card dealt to a designated player as in Whist by the first card played as in Nine Card Don be chosen by a designated player as in Barbu or players may bid for the right to select the trump suit as in Contract Bridge or Skat In most games trump cards cannot be played if the player has any cards of the suit led to the trick the requirement to follow suit is of higher priority In a few games trumps can be played at any time Playing the first trump to an already started trick is known as trumping or ruffing if another player were to play a higher trump that would be an overruff or overtrump The tarot deck contains a fifth suit known in gaming as the atouts or honours and in occult circles as the Major Arcana which serves as a permanent trump suit in games played with the tarot deck The suit consists of twenty two cards including a Fool which serves as a highest trump in Central Europe or excuses the players from following suit elsewhere 5 Due primarily to the prevalence of the trump in card games the term used in Japan for the standard 52 card deck of playing cards is toranpu トランプ derived from the English word trump 6 See also EditTop Trumps Trumps card game References Edit Etymonline com Wolfgang Pfeifer Etymologisches Worterbuch des Deutschen 1997 recorded in 1440 in jouer atout making a risky play used figuratively in the military context of a siege cnrtl fr Max Vasmer kozyr in Etimologicheskij slovar russkogo yazyka 1964 1973 Place Robert Michael 2005 The Tarot History Symbolism and Divination Penguin pp 5 8 ISBN 1 58542 349 1 Retrieved September 2 2010 The Tarot History Symbolism and Divination A Japanese website for a playing card manufacturer Nintendo selling Trump playing cards Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Trump card games amp oldid 1140847608, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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