The alto recorder in F, also known as a treble (and, historically, as consort flute and common flute) is a member of the recorder family. Up until the 17th century the alto instrument was normally in G4 instead of F4.[1] Its standard range is F4 to G6.
Modern three-piece alto recorder, next to a modern three-piece soprano recorder
The alto is between the soprano and tenor in size, and is correspondingly intermediate in pitch. It has the same general shape as a soprano, but is larger in all dimensions, resulting in a lower pitch for a given fingering.
The F alto is a non-transposing instrument, though its basic scale is in F, that is, a fifth lower than the soprano recorder and a fourth higher than the tenor (both with a basic scale in C). So-called F fingerings are therefore used, as with the bassoon or the low register of the clarinet, in contrast to the C fingerings used for most other woodwinds. Its notation is usually at sounding pitch, but sometimes is written an octave lower than it sounds.
Recorders are known to have been made in different sizes since at least the 15th century, but a consistent terminology did not exist until the 20th-century revival of the instrument. In the early 16th century, books were published by Virdung,[2]Agricola,[3] and Ganassi,[4] all of which describe the smallest of three sizes of recorder (tuned in fifths) as an instrument with the bottom note G. Appropriate to the highest instrument of the set, it is given a name used for the highest vocal part in music from that time: discant,[5] Virdung also calls it clain flöte—"small flute", kleine Flöte in modern German) and sopran or soprano.[6] At this time, recorders were made in a single piece. This type of instrument continued to be produced through the 17th century and into the early 18th, though around 1650 it began to be made in three separate parts. It was sometimes called the flauto italiano, particularly after about 1670 when a new type of recorder appeared in France, called flûte douce (sweet flute), what today would be called an alto (treble) in F. In contrast to the bright-toned flauto italiano, which was easy to play in the high register, the flüte douce was full and resonant in the low register, but was weak on the upper notes. This new version of recorder (first depicted in a painting from 1672) was first made in Paris and, shortly later and under French influence, in London. The redesign is traditionally attributed to the Hotteterres, particularly to Jean Hotteterre, though the evidence is rather tenuous. In 1696, Johann Christoph Denner and Johann Schell applied for permission to make the French type of instrument in Nuremberg, and it quickly became the dominant type of instrument across Europe. In most languages, this was the instrument meant by the word for flute alone: German Flöte, Dutch fluyt, Italian flauto, Spanish flauta. In England, it was usually simply "flute", but when necessary to differentiate from the transverse flute or other sizes of recorder, it was called "common flute" or "consort flute".[7]
Agricola, Martin. 1529. Musica instrumẽtalis deudsch ynn welcher begriffen ist/ wie man nach dem gesange auff mancherley Pfeiffen lernen sol/ Auch wie auff die Orgel/ Harffen/ Lauten/ Geigen/ vnd allerley Instrument vnd Seytenspiel/ nach der rechtgegründten Tabelthur sey abzusetzen. Wittemberg: Georg Rhaw.
Ganassi, Sylvestro da Fontego. 1535. Opera intitulata Fontegara. Venice: [s.n.]. Facsimile reprint, Collezione di trattati e musiche antiche edite in fac-simile. Milan: Bollettino bibliografico musicale, 1934. Facsimile reprint, edited by Luca de Paolis. Hortus Musicus, Prattica di musica, Serie A 3. Rome: Società italiana del flauto dolce, 1991. Facsimile reprint of the second edition, 1542, Bibliotheca musica Bononiensis 2:18. Bologna: Arnaldo Forni Editore, 1969, reprinted again in 1980 and 2002.
Baines, Anthony C. 1967. Woodwind Instruments and Their History, third edition, with a foreword by Sir Adrian Boult. London: Faber and Faber. Reprinted with corrections, 1977. This edition reissued, Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, 1991, and reprinted again in 2012. ISBN978-0-486-26885-9.
Griscom, Richard W., and David Lasocki. 2013. The Recorder: A Research and Information Guide, third edition. Routledge Music Bibliographies. Routledge. ISBN978-1-135-83932-1.
Praetorius, Michael. 1619a. Syntagmatis Musici Michaelis Praetorii C. Tomus Secundus De Organographia. Wolfenbüttel: Elias Holwein, in Verlegung des Autoris.
Praetorius, Michael. 1619b. Syntagmatis Musici Michaelis Praetorii C. Tomus Tertius. Wolfenbüttel: Elias Holwein.
Virgiliano, Aurelio. c.1600. Il dolcimelo. Manuscript. Bologna: Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale. Facsimile edition, edited by Marcello Castellani. Archivum Musicum: Collana di testi rari 11. Florence: Studio per Edizioni Scelte. 1979.
External linksedit
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February 13, 2024
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The alto recorder in F also known as a treble and historically as consort flute and common flute is a member of the recorder family Up until the 17th century the alto instrument was normally in G4 instead of F4 1 Its standard range is F4 to G6 Modern three piece alto recorder next to a modern three piece soprano recorder The alto is between the soprano and tenor in size and is correspondingly intermediate in pitch It has the same general shape as a soprano but is larger in all dimensions resulting in a lower pitch for a given fingering The F alto is a non transposing instrument though its basic scale is in F that is a fifth lower than the soprano recorder and a fourth higher than the tenor both with a basic scale in C So called F fingerings are therefore used as with the bassoon or the low register of the clarinet in contrast to the C fingerings used for most other woodwinds Its notation is usually at sounding pitch but sometimes is written an octave lower than it sounds Contents 1 History 2 References 3 Further reading 4 External linksHistory editRecorders are known to have been made in different sizes since at least the 15th century but a consistent terminology did not exist until the 20th century revival of the instrument In the early 16th century books were published by Virdung 2 Agricola 3 and Ganassi 4 all of which describe the smallest of three sizes of recorder tuned in fifths as an instrument with the bottom note G Appropriate to the highest instrument of the set it is given a name used for the highest vocal part in music from that time discant 5 Virdung also calls it clain flote small flute kleine Flote in modern German and sopran or soprano 6 At this time recorders were made in a single piece This type of instrument continued to be produced through the 17th century and into the early 18th though around 1650 it began to be made in three separate parts It was sometimes called the flauto italiano particularly after about 1670 when a new type of recorder appeared in France called flute douce sweet flute what today would be called an alto treble in F In contrast to the bright toned flauto italiano which was easy to play in the high register the flute douce was full and resonant in the low register but was weak on the upper notes This new version of recorder first depicted in a painting from 1672 was first made in Paris and shortly later and under French influence in London The redesign is traditionally attributed to the Hotteterres particularly to Jean Hotteterre though the evidence is rather tenuous In 1696 Johann Christoph Denner and Johann Schell applied for permission to make the French type of instrument in Nuremberg and it quickly became the dominant type of instrument across Europe In most languages this was the instrument meant by the word for flute alone German Flote Dutch fluyt Italian flauto Spanish flauta In England it was usually simply flute but when necessary to differentiate from the transverse flute or other sizes of recorder it was called common flute or consort flute 7 References edit Lasocki 2001 p ii Renaissance Sachs 1913 p 50 Virdung 1511 Agricola 1529 Ganassi 1535 Virdung 1511 fol N1r Agricola 1529 fol 6v Ganassi 1535 fol 2v Lasocki 2001 Sources Agricola Martin 1529 Musica instrumẽtalis deudsch ynn welcher begriffen ist wie man nach dem gesange auff mancherley Pfeiffen lernen sol Auch wie auff die Orgel Harffen Lauten Geigen vnd allerley Instrument vnd Seytenspiel nach der rechtgegrundten Tabelthur sey abzusetzen Wittemberg Georg Rhaw Ganassi Sylvestro da Fontego 1535 Opera intitulata Fontegara Venice s n Facsimile reprint Collezione di trattati e musiche antiche edite in fac simile Milan Bollettino bibliografico musicale 1934 Facsimile reprint edited by Luca de Paolis Hortus Musicus Prattica di musica Serie A 3 Rome Societa italiana del flauto dolce 1991 Facsimile reprint of the second edition 1542 Bibliotheca musica Bononiensis 2 18 Bologna Arnaldo Forni Editore 1969 reprinted again in 1980 and 2002 Lasocki David 2001 Recorder The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians second edition edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell London Macmillan Publishers Sachs Curt 1913 Real Lexikon der Musikinstrumente zugleich ein Polyglossar fur das gesamte Instrumentengebiet Berlin Julius Bard Virdung Sebastianus 1511 Musica getutscht und ausgezogen Basel s n Facsimile reprint edited by Klaus Wolfgang Niemoller Documenta musicologica 31 Kassel Barenreiter 1970 ISBN 3 7618 0004 5 Further reading editBaines Anthony C 1967 Woodwind Instruments and Their History third edition with a foreword by Sir Adrian Boult London Faber and Faber Reprinted with corrections 1977 This edition reissued Mineola New York Dover Publications 1991 and reprinted again in 2012 ISBN 978 0 486 26885 9 Griscom Richard W and David Lasocki 2013 The Recorder A Research and Information Guide third edition Routledge Music Bibliographies Routledge ISBN 978 1 135 83932 1 Hunt Edgar 1988 Syntagma Musicum II Parts 1 and 2 of De Organographia by Michael Praetorius David Z Crookes review The Galpin Society Journal 41 October 142 144 Praetorius Michael 1619a Syntagmatis Musici Michaelis Praetorii C Tomus Secundus De Organographia Wolfenbuttel Elias Holwein in Verlegung des Autoris Praetorius Michael 1619b Syntagmatis Musici Michaelis Praetorii C Tomus Tertius Wolfenbuttel Elias Holwein Virgiliano Aurelio c 1600 Il dolcimelo Manuscript Bologna Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale Facsimile edition edited by Marcello Castellani Archivum Musicum Collana di testi rari 11 Florence Studio per Edizioni Scelte 1979 External links edit nbsp Media related to Alto recorders at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alto recorder amp oldid 1178674587, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
