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Transition metal ether complex

January 01, 1970

In chemistry, a transition metal ether complex is a coordination complex consisting of a transition metal bonded to one or more ether ligand. The inventory of complexes is extensive.[2] Common ether ligands are diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran. Common chelating ether ligands include the glymes, dimethoxyethane (dme) and diglyme, and the crown ethers. Being lipophilic, metal-ether complexes often exhibit solubility in organic solvents, a property of interest in synthetic chemistry. In contrast, the di-ether 1,4-dioxane is generally a bridging ligand.

Structure of the ether complex HfCl4(thf)2.[1]

Bonding, structure, reactions edit

 
In almost all of its complexes, dioxane is a bridging, not chelating, ligand. Structure of the coordination polymer of cobalt(II) chloride and 1,4-dioxane.[3]

Ethers are L-type ligands. They are σ-donors that exert weak field ligands. They resemble water ligands as seen in aquo complexes. They do not, however, readily participate in hydrogen bonding. The ether oxygen is nearly trigonal planar in its complexes.[4]

Being weakly basic, ether ligands tend to be easily displaceable. Otherwise, ether ligands are relatively unreactive. Cyclic ethers such as thf can ring-open or even deoxygenated when bound to highly electrophilic metal halides. Thus treatment of tungsten hexachloride with one equivalent of thf gives 1,4-dichlorobutane:[5]

WCl6 + OC4H8 → WOCl4 + ClCH2CH2CH2CH2Cl

At higher concentrations of thf, polytetrahydrofuran is produced.

Examples edit

Homoleptic complexes edit

Ethers are relatively bulky ligands, thus homoleptic (i.e., all ligands being the same) ether complexes are uncommon. Examples often feature weakly coordinating anions such as BArF4− and Al(ORF)4−.

  • [V(thf)6](BArF4)2[6]
  • [Mn(thf)6](Mn(CO)5]2[7]
  • [[Fe(thf)6]][BArF24]2[8]
  • [Ni(thf)6][Al(ORF)4 ]2[9]

Metal halide complexes edit

 
Structure of NiI2(dme)2 as determined by X-ray crystallography. The sum of the angles at O is 352°, indicating a nearly planar ether oxygen. Color code: O = red, I = purple, Ni = blue, C = black.[10]
 
Structure of FeCl3(diethylether)2.[11] Color code: Cl=green,Fe = blue, O = red.

Metal chloride-tetrahydrofuran complexes are especially studied.[12] These compounds are often reagents because they are soluble in organic solvents as well as being anhydrous.

Formula of
metal-chloride-ether complexes		 Coordination
sphere		 color
TiCl4(thf)2 TiO2Cl4 yellow[13]
TiCl3(thf)3 TiO3Cl3 blue[12]
[TiCl3(thf)2]2 TiO2Cl4 green[14]
ZrCl4(thf)2 ZrO2Cl4 white[12]
HfCl4(thf)2 HfO2Cl4 white[12]
VCl3(thf)3 VO3Cl3 pink[12]
VCl3(thf)2]2 VO2Cl4 red[14]
NbCl4(thf)2 NbO2Cl4 yellow[15]
Ta3Cl9(thf)4 TaO2Cl4 and TaOCl5[15]
CrCl3(thf)3 CrO3Cl3 pink[12][16]
MoCl4(thf)2 MoO2Cl4 pink[17]
MoCl4(Et2O)2 MoO2Cl4 beige[18]
MoCl3(thf)3 MoO3Cl3 red[17]
WCl4(Et2O)2 WO2Cl4 yellow[19]
MnCl3(thf)3 MnO3Cl3 brown-purple[20]
TcCl4(thf)2 TcO2Cl4 yellow[13]
ReCl4(thf)2 ReO2Cl4 green[21]
Fe4Cl8(thf)6 FeO2Cl3, FeO2Cl4 brown[22]
FeCl3(thf)2 FeO2Cl3[23] the related diethyl ether complex is brown
FeCl3(OEt2)2 FeO2Cl3 brown[11]
Co4Cl8(thf)6 CoO2Cl3, CoO2Cl4 blue[24]
[CoCl2(dme)]2 CoO2Cl3[25]
NiCl2(dimethoxyethane)2 NiCl2O4 yellow[26]
[Cu2Cl4(thf)3]n CuO2Cl4, CuOCl4 orange[27]
ZnCl2(thf)2 ZnO2Cl2 white[16]

Metal carbonyl complexes edit

  • M(CO)5(thf) (M = Cr, Mo, W)[4]
  • Mo(CO)3(diglyme)

References edit

  1. ^ Duraj, S. A.; Towns; Baker; Schupp, J. (1990). "Structure of cis-Tetrachlorobis(tetrahydrofuran)hafnium(IV)". Acta Crystallographica. C46 (5): 890–2. doi:10.1107/S010827018901382X.
  2. ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  3. ^ Duan, Zhiming; Zhang, Yan; Zhang, Bin; Zhu, Daoben (2009). "Crystal-to-Crystal Transformation from Antiferromagnetic Chains into a Ferromagnetic Diamondoid Framework". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 131 (20): 6934–6935. doi:10.1021/ja902101x. PMID 19402661.
  4. ^ a b Schubert, U.; Friedrich, P.; Orama, O. (1978). "Kristall- und molekülstruktur von pentacarbonyltetrahydrofuran-chrom(0)". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 144 (2): 175–179. doi:10.1016/S0022-328X(00)84160-1.
  5. ^ Bianchi, Sabrina; Bortoluzzi, Marco; Castelvetro, Valter; Marchetti, Fabio; Pampaloni, Guido; Pinzino, Calogero; Zacchini, Stefano (2016). "The reactivity of tungsten hexachloride with tetrahydrofuran and 2-methoxyethanol". Polyhedron. 117: 769–776. doi:10.1016/j.poly.2016.07.024. hdl:11568/803763.
  6. ^ Choukroun, Robert; Moumboko, Pierre; Chevalier, Sandrine; Etienne, Michel; Donnadieu, Bruno (1998). "Cationic Homoleptic Vanadium(II), (IV), and (V) Complexes Arising from Protonolysis of [V(NEt2)4]". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 37 (22): 3169–3172. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19981204)37:22<3169::AID-ANIE3169>3.0.CO;2-0. PMID 29711321.
  7. ^ Kong, Gapgoung; Harakas, George N.; Whittlesey, Bruce R. (1995). "An Unusual Transition Metal Cluster Containing a Seven Metal Atom Plane. Syntheses and Crystal Structures of [Mn][Mn7(THF)6(CO)12]2, Mn3(THF)2(CO)10, and [Mn(THF)6][Mn(CO)5]2". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 117 (12): 3502–3509. doi:10.1021/ja00117a019.
  8. ^ Lichtenberg, Crispin; Adelhardt, Mario; Wörle, Michael; Büttner, Torsten; Meyer, Karsten; Grützmacher, Hansjörg (2015). "Mono- and Dinuclear Neutral and Cationic Iron(II) Compounds Supported by an Amidinato-diolefin Ligand: Characterization and Catalytic Application". Organometallics. 34 (12): 3079–3089. doi:10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00395.
  9. ^ Schwab, Miriam M.; Himmel, Daniel; Kacprzak, Sylwia; Radtke, Valentin; Kratzert, Daniel; Yassine, Zeinab; Weis, Philippe; Weber, Stefan; Krossing, Ingo (2018). "Reactivity of [Ni(cod)2][Al(ORF)4] towards Small Molecules and Elements". Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie. 644: 50–57. doi:10.1002/zaac.201700367.
  10. ^ Crochet, Aurélien; Fromm, Katharina M. (2010). "Polyether Adducts of d-Block Metal Compounds as Starting Materials for New Cluster Compounds" (PDF). Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 636 (8): 1484–1496. doi:10.1002/zaac.201000022.
  11. ^ a b Spandl, Johann; Kusserow, M.; Brüdgam, I. (2003). "Alkoxo-Verbindungen des dreiwertigen Eisen: Synthese und Charakterisierung von [Fe2(Ot Bu)6], [Fe2Cl2(Ot Bu)4], [Fe2Cl4(Ot Bu)2] und [N(n Bu)4]2[Fe6OCl6(OMe)12]". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 629 (6): 968–974. doi:10.1002/zaac.200300008.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Manzer, L. E. (1982). Tetrahydrofuran Complexes of Selected Early Transition Metals. Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 21. pp. 135–140. doi:10.1002/9780470132524.ch31.
  13. ^ a b Hagenbach, Adelheid; Yegen, Eda; Abram, Ulrich (2006). "Technetium Tetrachloride as a Precursor for Small Technetium(IV) Complexes". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (18): 7331–7338. doi:10.1021/ic060896u. PMID 16933935.
  14. ^ a b Sobota, Piotr; Ejfler, Jolanta; Szafert, Sławomir; Szczegot, Krzysztof; Sawka-Dobrowolska, Wanda (1993). "New intermediates for the Synthesis of Olefin Polymerization Catalysts: The Complexes [M2(μ-Cl)2Cl4(THF)4] (M = Ti or V, THF = Tetrahydrofuran); Crystal Structures and Properties". Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions (15): 2353–2357. doi:10.1039/dt9930002353.
  15. ^ a b Babaian-Kibala, Elizabeth; Cotton, F. Albert; Shang, Maoyu (1990). "New Synthetic Routes for the Preparation of Niobium(III) and Tantalum(III) Triangular Cluster Compounds". Inorganic Chemistry. 29 (26): 5148–5156. doi:10.1021/ic00351a005.
  16. ^ a b Boudjouk, Philip; So, Jeung-Ho (1992). "Solvated and Unsolvated Anhydrous Metal Chlorides from Metal Chloride Hydrates". Inorganic Syntheses. Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 29. pp. 108–111. doi:10.1002/9780470132609.ch26. ISBN 9780470132609.
  17. ^ a b Dilworth, Jonathan R.; Richards, Raymond L. (1990). "The Synthesis of Molybdenum and Tungsten Dinitrogen Complexes". Inorganic Syntheses. Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 28. pp. 33–43. doi:10.1002/9780470132593.ch7. ISBN 9780470132593.
  18. ^ Maria, Sébastien; Poli, Rinaldo (2014). "Ether Complexes of Molybdenum(III) and Molybdenum(IV) chlorides". Inorganic Syntheses: Volume 36 (PDF). Inorganic Syntheses. pp. 15–18. doi:10.1002/9781118744994.ch03. ISBN 9781118744994.
  19. ^ Schäfer, André (2021). "The Decades-Old Mystery of Bis(diethyl ether)tungsten(IV) Chloride Solved". Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry. 77 (4): 167–168. doi:10.1107/S2053229621002461. PMC 8020884. PMID 33818437.
  20. ^ Nachtigall, Olaf; Pataki, Astrid; Molski, Matthias; Lentz, Dieter; Spandl, Johann (2015). "Solvates of Manganese Trichloride Revisited - Synthesis, Isolation, and Crystal Structure of MnCl3(THF)3". Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie. 641 (6): 1164–1168. doi:10.1002/zaac.201500106.
  21. ^ Swidersky, H.-W.; Pebler, J.; Dehnicke, K.; Fenske, D. (1990). "Technetium Tetrachloride as a Precursor for Small Technetium(IV) Complexes". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (18): 7331–8. doi:10.1021/ic060896u. PMID 16933935.
  22. ^ Cotton, F. Albert; Luck, Rudy L.; Son, Kyung-Ae (1991). "New polynuclear compounds of iron(II) chloride with oxygen donor ligands Part I. Fe4Cl8(THF)6: Synthesis and a single crystal X-ray structure determination". Inorganica Chimica Acta. 179: 11–15. doi:10.1016/S0020-1693(00)85366-9.
  23. ^ L. V. Ivakina, N. R. Strel'tsova, V. K. Bel'skii, P. A. Storozhenko, B. M. Bulychev, A. B. Tarasov (1987). Zh.Obshch.Khim. (Russ.J.Gen.Chem.). 57: 1600. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  24. ^ Sobota, Piotr; Olejnik, Zofia; Utko, Józef; Lis, Tadeusz (1993). "Synthesis, Magnetic Properties and Structure of the [Co4(μ3-Cl)2(μ2-Cl)4Cl2(THF)6] Complex". Polyhedron. 12 (6): 613–616. doi:10.1016/S0277-5387(00)84976-1.
  25. ^ Petriček, Saša (2011). "Octahedral and Tetrahedral Cobalt(II) Sites in Cobalt Chloride Complexes with Polyethers". Croatica Chemica Acta: 515–520. doi:10.5562/cca1747.
  26. ^ Ward, Laird G. L. (1972). "Anhydrous Nickel(II) Halides and their Tetrakis(ethanol) and 1,2-Dimethoxyethane Complexes". Inorganic Syntheses. Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 13. pp. 154–164. doi:10.1002/9780470132449.ch30. ISBN 9780470132449.
  27. ^ Becker, Sabine; Dürr, Maximilian; Miska, Andreas; Becker, Jonathan; Gawlig, Christopher; Behrens, Ulrich; Ivanović-Burmazović, Ivana; Schindler, Siegfried (2016). "Copper Chloride Catalysis: Do μ4-Oxido Copper Clusters Play a Significant Role?". Inorganic Chemistry. 55 (8): 3759–3766. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02576. PMID 27045752.

January 01, 1970
transition, metal, ether, complex, chemistry, transition, metal, ether, complex, coordination, complex, consisting, transition, metal, bonded, more, ether, ligand, inventory, complexes, extensive, common, ether, ligands, diethyl, ether, tetrahydrofuran, common. In chemistry a transition metal ether complex is a coordination complex consisting of a transition metal bonded to one or more ether ligand The inventory of complexes is extensive 2 Common ether ligands are diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran Common chelating ether ligands include the glymes dimethoxyethane dme and diglyme and the crown ethers Being lipophilic metal ether complexes often exhibit solubility in organic solvents a property of interest in synthetic chemistry In contrast the di ether 1 4 dioxane is generally a bridging ligand Structure of the ether complex HfCl4 thf 2 1 Contents 1 Bonding structure reactions 2 Examples 2 1 Homoleptic complexes 2 2 Metal halide complexes 2 3 Metal carbonyl complexes 3 ReferencesBonding structure reactions edit nbsp In almost all of its complexes dioxane is a bridging not chelating ligand Structure of the coordination polymer of cobalt II chloride and 1 4 dioxane 3 Ethers are L type ligands They are s donors that exert weak field ligands They resemble water ligands as seen in aquo complexes They do not however readily participate in hydrogen bonding The ether oxygen is nearly trigonal planar in its complexes 4 Being weakly basic ether ligands tend to be easily displaceable Otherwise ether ligands are relatively unreactive Cyclic ethers such as thf can ring open or even deoxygenated when bound to highly electrophilic metal halides Thus treatment of tungsten hexachloride with one equivalent of thf gives 1 4 dichlorobutane 5 WCl6 OC4H8 WOCl4 ClCH2CH2CH2CH2Cl At higher concentrations of thf polytetrahydrofuran is produced Examples editHomoleptic complexes edit Ethers are relatively bulky ligands thus homoleptic i e all ligands being the same ether complexes are uncommon Examples often feature weakly coordinating anions such as BArF4 and Al ORF 4 V thf 6 BArF4 2 6 Mn thf 6 Mn CO 5 2 7 Fe thf 6 BArF24 2 8 Ni thf 6 Al ORF 4 2 9 Metal halide complexes edit nbsp Structure of NiI2 dme 2 as determined by X ray crystallography The sum of the angles at O is 352 indicating a nearly planar ether oxygen Color code O red I purple Ni blue C black 10 nbsp Structure of FeCl3 diethylether 2 11 Color code Cl green Fe blue O red Metal chloride tetrahydrofuran complexes are especially studied 12 These compounds are often reagents because they are soluble in organic solvents as well as being anhydrous Formula of metal chloride ether complexes Coordinationsphere color TiCl4 thf 2 TiO2Cl4 yellow 13 TiCl3 thf 3 TiO3Cl3 blue 12 TiCl3 thf 2 2 TiO2Cl4 green 14 ZrCl4 thf 2 ZrO2Cl4 white 12 HfCl4 thf 2 HfO2Cl4 white 12 VCl3 thf 3 VO3Cl3 pink 12 VCl3 thf 2 2 VO2Cl4 red 14 NbCl4 thf 2 NbO2Cl4 yellow 15 Ta3Cl9 thf 4 TaO2Cl4 and TaOCl5 15 CrCl3 thf 3 CrO3Cl3 pink 12 16 MoCl4 thf 2 MoO2Cl4 pink 17 MoCl4 Et2O 2 MoO2Cl4 beige 18 MoCl3 thf 3 MoO3Cl3 red 17 WCl4 Et2O 2 WO2Cl4 yellow 19 MnCl3 thf 3 MnO3Cl3 brown purple 20 TcCl4 thf 2 TcO2Cl4 yellow 13 ReCl4 thf 2 ReO2Cl4 green 21 Fe4Cl8 thf 6 FeO2Cl3 FeO2Cl4 brown 22 FeCl3 thf 2 FeO2Cl3 23 the related diethyl ether complex is brown FeCl3 OEt2 2 FeO2Cl3 brown 11 Co4Cl8 thf 6 CoO2Cl3 CoO2Cl4 blue 24 CoCl2 dme 2 CoO2Cl3 25 NiCl2 dimethoxyethane 2 NiCl2O4 yellow 26 Cu2Cl4 thf 3 n CuO2Cl4 CuOCl4 orange 27 ZnCl2 thf 2 ZnO2Cl2 white 16 Metal carbonyl complexes edit M CO 5 thf M Cr Mo W 4 Mo CO 3 diglyme References edit Duraj S A Towns Baker Schupp J 1990 Structure of cis Tetrachlorobis tetrahydrofuran hafnium IV Acta Crystallographica C46 5 890 2 doi 10 1107 S010827018901382X Greenwood Norman N Earnshaw Alan 1997 Chemistry of the Elements 2nd ed Butterworth Heinemann ISBN 978 0 08 037941 8 Duan Zhiming Zhang Yan Zhang Bin Zhu Daoben 2009 Crystal to Crystal Transformation from Antiferromagnetic Chains into a Ferromagnetic Diamondoid Framework Journal of the American Chemical Society 131 20 6934 6935 doi 10 1021 ja902101x PMID 19402661 a b Schubert U Friedrich P Orama O 1978 Kristall und molekulstruktur von pentacarbonyltetrahydrofuran chrom 0 Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 144 2 175 179 doi 10 1016 S0022 328X 00 84160 1 Bianchi Sabrina Bortoluzzi Marco Castelvetro Valter Marchetti Fabio Pampaloni Guido Pinzino Calogero Zacchini Stefano 2016 The reactivity of tungsten hexachloride with tetrahydrofuran and 2 methoxyethanol Polyhedron 117 769 776 doi 10 1016 j poly 2016 07 024 hdl 11568 803763 Choukroun Robert Moumboko Pierre Chevalier Sandrine Etienne Michel Donnadieu Bruno 1998 Cationic Homoleptic Vanadium II IV and V Complexes Arising from Protonolysis of V NEt2 4 Angewandte Chemie International Edition 37 22 3169 3172 doi 10 1002 SICI 1521 3773 19981204 37 22 lt 3169 AID ANIE3169 gt 3 0 CO 2 0 PMID 29711321 Kong Gapgoung Harakas George N Whittlesey Bruce R 1995 An Unusual Transition Metal Cluster Containing a Seven Metal Atom Plane Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Mn Mn7 THF 6 CO 12 2 Mn3 THF 2 CO 10 and Mn THF 6 Mn CO 5 2 Journal of the American Chemical Society 117 12 3502 3509 doi 10 1021 ja00117a019 Lichtenberg Crispin Adelhardt Mario Worle Michael Buttner Torsten Meyer Karsten Grutzmacher Hansjorg 2015 Mono and Dinuclear Neutral and Cationic Iron II Compounds Supported by an Amidinato diolefin Ligand Characterization and Catalytic Application Organometallics 34 12 3079 3089 doi 10 1021 acs organomet 5b00395 Schwab Miriam M Himmel Daniel Kacprzak Sylwia Radtke Valentin Kratzert Daniel Yassine Zeinab Weis Philippe Weber Stefan Krossing Ingo 2018 Reactivity of Ni cod 2 Al ORF 4 towards Small Molecules and Elements Zeitschrift fur Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 644 50 57 doi 10 1002 zaac 201700367 Crochet Aurelien Fromm Katharina M 2010 Polyether Adducts of d Block Metal Compounds as Starting Materials for New Cluster Compounds PDF Zeitschrift fur anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 636 8 1484 1496 doi 10 1002 zaac 201000022 a b Spandl Johann Kusserow M Brudgam I 2003 Alkoxo Verbindungen des dreiwertigen Eisen Synthese und Charakterisierung von Fe2 Ot Bu 6 Fe2Cl2 Ot Bu 4 Fe2Cl4 Ot Bu 2 und N n Bu 4 2 Fe6OCl6 OMe 12 Zeitschrift fur anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 629 6 968 974 doi 10 1002 zaac 200300008 a b c d e f Manzer L E 1982 Tetrahydrofuran Complexes of Selected Early Transition Metals Inorganic Syntheses Vol 21 pp 135 140 doi 10 1002 9780470132524 ch31 a b Hagenbach Adelheid Yegen Eda Abram Ulrich 2006 Technetium Tetrachloride as a Precursor for Small Technetium IV Complexes Inorganic Chemistry 45 18 7331 7338 doi 10 1021 ic060896u PMID 16933935 a b Sobota Piotr Ejfler Jolanta Szafert Slawomir Szczegot Krzysztof Sawka Dobrowolska Wanda 1993 New intermediates for the Synthesis of Olefin Polymerization Catalysts The Complexes M2 m Cl 2Cl4 THF 4 M Ti or V THF Tetrahydrofuran Crystal Structures and Properties Journal of the Chemical Society Dalton Transactions 15 2353 2357 doi 10 1039 dt9930002353 a b Babaian Kibala Elizabeth Cotton F Albert Shang Maoyu 1990 New Synthetic Routes for the Preparation of Niobium III and Tantalum III Triangular Cluster Compounds Inorganic Chemistry 29 26 5148 5156 doi 10 1021 ic00351a005 a b Boudjouk Philip So Jeung Ho 1992 Solvated and Unsolvated Anhydrous Metal Chlorides from Metal Chloride Hydrates Inorganic Syntheses Inorganic Syntheses Vol 29 pp 108 111 doi 10 1002 9780470132609 ch26 ISBN 9780470132609 a b Dilworth Jonathan R Richards Raymond L 1990 The Synthesis of Molybdenum and Tungsten Dinitrogen Complexes Inorganic Syntheses Inorganic Syntheses Vol 28 pp 33 43 doi 10 1002 9780470132593 ch7 ISBN 9780470132593 Maria Sebastien Poli Rinaldo 2014 Ether Complexes of Molybdenum III and Molybdenum IV chlorides Inorganic Syntheses Volume 36 PDF Inorganic Syntheses pp 15 18 doi 10 1002 9781118744994 ch03 ISBN 9781118744994 Schafer Andre 2021 The Decades Old Mystery of Bis diethyl ether tungsten IV Chloride Solved Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 77 4 167 168 doi 10 1107 S2053229621002461 PMC 8020884 PMID 33818437 Nachtigall Olaf Pataki Astrid Molski Matthias Lentz Dieter Spandl Johann 2015 Solvates of Manganese Trichloride Revisited Synthesis Isolation and Crystal Structure of MnCl3 THF 3 Zeitschrift fur Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 641 6 1164 1168 doi 10 1002 zaac 201500106 Swidersky H W Pebler J Dehnicke K Fenske D 1990 Technetium Tetrachloride as a Precursor for Small Technetium IV Complexes Inorganic Chemistry 45 18 7331 8 doi 10 1021 ic060896u PMID 16933935 Cotton F Albert Luck Rudy L Son Kyung Ae 1991 New polynuclear compounds of iron II chloride with oxygen donor ligands Part I Fe4Cl8 THF 6 Synthesis and a single crystal X ray structure determination Inorganica Chimica Acta 179 11 15 doi 10 1016 S0020 1693 00 85366 9 L V Ivakina N R Strel tsova V K Bel skii P A Storozhenko B M Bulychev A B Tarasov 1987 Zh Obshch Khim Russ J Gen Chem 57 1600 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Missing or empty title help CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Sobota Piotr Olejnik Zofia Utko Jozef Lis Tadeusz 1993 Synthesis Magnetic Properties and Structure of the Co4 m3 Cl 2 m2 Cl 4Cl2 THF 6 Complex Polyhedron 12 6 613 616 doi 10 1016 S0277 5387 00 84976 1 Petricek Sasa 2011 Octahedral and Tetrahedral Cobalt II Sites in Cobalt Chloride Complexes with Polyethers Croatica Chemica Acta 515 520 doi 10 5562 cca1747 Ward Laird G L 1972 Anhydrous Nickel II Halides and their Tetrakis ethanol and 1 2 Dimethoxyethane Complexes Inorganic Syntheses Inorganic Syntheses Vol 13 pp 154 164 doi 10 1002 9780470132449 ch30 ISBN 9780470132449 Becker Sabine Durr Maximilian Miska Andreas Becker Jonathan Gawlig Christopher Behrens Ulrich Ivanovic Burmazovic Ivana Schindler Siegfried 2016 Copper Chloride Catalysis Do m4 Oxido Copper Clusters Play a Significant Role Inorganic Chemistry 55 8 3759 3766 doi 10 1021 acs inorgchem 5b02576 PMID 27045752 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Transition metal ether complex amp oldid 1208125067, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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