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Tréfileries et Laminoirs du Havre

January 01, 1970

The Tréfileries et Laminoirs du Havre (TLH: Le Havre Wire-Drawing and Rolling Mills) was an enterprise based in Le Havre, France, that manufactured copper wire, other copper products and products of other metals including bronze and aluminum. It was founded to serve the rapidly growing market for electrical power transmission and for telegraph and telephone cables. It grew into a massive industrial empire with factories in many French cities and abroad. In 1962 it merged with the Compagnie française des métaux and became Tréfimétaux. In 1967 Tréfimétaux was acquired by Pechiney. The various plants were closed or sold over the years.

Tréfileries et Laminoirs du Havre
Workers in the company's Le Havre mills after World War II
IndustryCopper
Founded7 July 1883
Defunct1962
FateMerged
SuccessorTréfimétaux
Headquarters
Paris
,
France

Founder edit

The company was created by Lazare Weiller (1858–1928), who was born in the small town of Sélestat in Alsace on 20 July 1858. He studied in Angoulême and Paris, and then in Trinity College, Oxford. He returned to Angoulême to work in his cousin's factory, which produced metal sheets for the paper industry. He became interested in the problem of drawing copper wires, for which there was growing demand, adapted the process of rolling hot steel rods into wire so the method could be used with copper and launched his own company in Angoulême to make copper wire in this way. He developed a bronze alloy that combined the conductivity of copper with the strength to remain stretched between poles 50 metres (160 ft) apart, of great value to telegraph and telephone companies, and obtained several patents in France and other countries.[1]

In 1880 at the age of 22 Weiller created what would become the Tréfileries et Laminoirs du Havre. Weiller joined the board of the Société des téléphones, which was both a customer and an investor in his company. Weiller remained interested in research and explored transmission of images over electrical wires, colour photography and flying. He was elected a deputy in 1914, and held office through World War I, then was a senator from 1920 until his death in 1928.[1]

Early years edit

 
Atelier de tréfilerie Lazare Weiller 1892
 
Lazare Weiller in 1920

Weiller created the Société Lazare Weiller in 1883, with the first factory in Angoulême, and was the main owner of the enterprise.[2] The company was incorporated on 7 July 1883.[3] Weiller acquired land along the Paris–Le Havre railway and the new Canal de Tancarville in 1895, and in 1896 built a larger factory at Graville(fr) in the Le Havre region. The choice of location was to take advantage of Le Havre as a port of entry for copper and a port from which to export products to England and the United States.[2] In 1898 the Le Havre factory had 14 steam engines with 8,300 horsepower and 114 electric machines. The factory avoided employing great numbers of workers, but in 1897 had 900 employees, rising to almost 2,000 in 1913. It covered about 20 hectares (49 acres) of which half was roofed. It included forges, foundries, rolling mills and wireworks and processed copper, steel, aluminum, brass, bronze and nickel. The bulk of the output was for electrical equipment and construction of telephone and telegraph lines.[4]

In 1901 the company became the Compagnie des Tréfileries et Laminoirs du Havre (TLH). Weiller became associated with Swiss banks, and from 1907 started to acquire facilities and companies to become a huge industrial complex.[4] The company, now a société anonyme, increased market share through purchase of the Société coopérative des fonderies, laminoirs et tréfileries de Rugles in 1907. In 1911 TLH further increased its production of electrical wires and cables by merging with the Canalisation électrique company, giving it a dominant position in the industry, reducing competition and opening new markets in Paris streetcars, the PTT and other ministries, railways and so on.[5]

Eugène Étienne was appointed to the TLH board in 1911, left this position when he became Minister of War in January 1913, then rejoined the board the next year and became president until his death in 1921.[6] Étienne was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1881 to 1919.[7] He was leader of the Colonial group in the chamber of deputies, and agitated for expansion of railway lines in the colonies.[8] He felt that the future of TLH lay in developing the railways and ports of the colonial empire. Etienne was linked to Robert Pinot of the Comité des forges.[9]

In 1913 the company's assets were 57,800,000 francs, making it the 22nd largest industrial company in France, and the third largest manufacturer of electrical equipment after the Compagnie Francaise Thomson-Houston and Compagnie Générale d'Electricité.[10] Members of the board of TLH were also involved in many other companies, helping the growth of the enterprise. Examples were Henri Cahen, director of the Société des applications industrielles; Alphonse Hauser, retired chief engineer of the navy and administrator of the Compagnie des ports de Tunis, Sousse et Sfax; Raymond Jarry, administrator of the Société des hauts fourneaux de la Chiers; Gaston de La Mathe, administrator of the Société Éclairage électrique and Société Énergie du nord de la France; and René Robard, an engineer also on the board of Alluminio italiano. Hippolyte Bouchayer, Émile Cahen, Henri Cahen, Raymond Jarry and René Robard were all members of the board of TLH and of its Italian subsidiary Le Trafilerie e laminatoi di metalli, which produced copper wire and steel and copper pipe for the Italian market, particularly the Italian armed forces.[11]

World War I edit

During World War I of 2,700 employees at Le Harve, 2,200 were enlisted in the army, the factory was placed under military control and engaged in production of war material. Women and children were employed in large numbers, as were refugees from Belgium and the occupied parts of France. The number of worker rose to 6,800 at Le Havre and 1,300 at Rugles.[4] In the spring of 1917 five workers were dismissed for circulating a petition that objected to downgrading the classification of some jobs and demanded a cost of living allowance.[12] During this period Louis Loucheur, administrator of TLH, became Minister of Armaments.[4]

The company bought several cargo ships, which were armed in Bordeaux.[4] In the summer of 1914 TLH took control of the Société française de couleurs métalliques et de l'aluminium laminé. TLH tried but failed to acquire the Société électrométallurgique française de Froges, the largest French producer of aluminum. TLH did manage to acquire a large stake in the Société d'Alais et de la Camargue, an aluminum producer. This company in turn took control of the Société électrométallurgique de Froges in 1919 to become the Compagnie des produits chimiques et électrométallurgiques d'Alais, Froges et Camargue (Pechiney). Hippolyte Bouchayer represented TLH in Pechiney. Although TLH did not gained as large a share of aluminum as they wanted in France, the company expanded its interests in this metal in Norway and Italy.[8]

Later history edit

 
The plant in La Havre after World War II
 
Another view of the post-war plant

The company later moved its headquarters to Paris and came to have factories in Le Havre, Rugles, Saint-Maurice, Grenoble, Charleval, la Praz, Dijon, Montreuil-Belfroy, Darnétal, Saint-Denis, La Courneuve, Poissy and Pont-de-Chéruy.[13]

Eugène Mauclère (1857–1933), former controller-general of the army and councilor of state, a member of the board of the Chemins de fer de Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée and vice-president of the Mokta-el-Hadid and Phosphates de Gafsa mining companies, joined the board of TLH as president in 1931.[14] In 1932 TLH was the largest manufacturers of copper, lead, zinc, tin and metal products in Le Havre, which now received 60% of copper imports into France thanks to its connections with North America. The plant made wire, tubes and sheets of copper and steel which were then shipped to the mechanical construction and electrical industries. A quarter of output went to the colonies.[15]

As of 1939 TLH employed 4.673 workers in Le Havre.[16] During World War II (1939–45) in the period between 1940 and 1944 TLH had to deal with a shortage of copper, and made more use of aluminum and aluminum alloys.[17] From 1943 Henri Lafond was President of the Mines du Huaron and on the board of Tréfileries et Laminoirs du Havre.[13] A 1952 study said Trefileries et Laminoirs du Havre had a capital of 3,132 million francs and holdings in Hauts Fourneaux de la Chiers, Alais-Froges, Financiere Metallurgique Electrique, Lignes Telegraphiques et Telephoniques, Etablissements Bouchery, Signaux et Entreprises Electriques, Etablissements Coquillard and the Societe Procol.[18] TLH was also part-owner of Pechiney.[19]

Merger and subsequent changes edit

In 1962 TLH merged with the Compagnie française des métaux and became Tréfimétaux.[20] In 1966 the wire drawing and steel cabling operations of Plant 2 were taken over by the Société des hauts fourneaux de Chiers-Châtillon, which opened a casting and rolling mill to manufacture small aluminum alloy cables in 1968. In 1969 Chiers-Châtillon merged with Cousin frères to form the Société Seine et Lys, which closed in 1972, laying off 425 people.[20] Many of those who lost their jobs were women.[21]

In 1967 Tréfimétaux was acquired by Pechiney and became the copper division of that group, contributing 8% of the group's total.[22] In 1971 Pechiney merged with Ugine Kuhlmann to form Pechiney Ugine Kuhlman (PUK).[23] From 1974 PUK suffered serious losses.[23] The threat of mass dismissals was first aired in 1974.[21] Between 1980 and 1987 the Tréfimétaux subsidiary reduced staff from 6,000 to 2,500 and closed the factories in Le Havre and Dives sur Mer. In 1980 it sold its cable production activities to Pirelli.[22]

The Tréfimétaux copper mill in Le Havre closed in 1980, and in 1981 Tréfimétaux closed its remaining operations in Le Havre.[20] It was succeeded by three companies: Cuivres et Alliages; Chiers, Châtillon Gorcy (which later became Hauts Fourneaux de la Chiers and then Technor); and Thomson Cables.[21] Cuivres et Alliages was closed in 1984.[21] In 1986 Tecnor, manufacturing wire cables and conductors, took an area of 158,000 square metres (1,700,000 sq ft) of the La Havre factories, of which 74,000 square metres (800,000 sq ft) were covered, with a line of casting, continuous rolling and wire drawing machines.[20] Technor ceased operations in 1989–90.[21] In January 2003 Tréfileries et Câbleries du Havre had 72 employees, falling to about 30 in April 2003.[21]

Key people edit

Key people included:[3]

  • Maurice Waldmann, Director of the Angoulême wire-drawing plant and then at Le Havre Director of the Cie Lazare Weiller, which became the Tréfileries et Laminoirs du Havre, 1893–1922
  • Claudius Feyeux, Chief Maintenance Engineer at Le Havre Wire Drawing and Rolling Mill 1898
  • Albert Lefebvre, Engineer at Le Havre Wire Works and Rolling Mills 1913–1919
  • Maurice Boutin
    • Director of the Darnétal plant of the Le Havre drawing and rolling mill company 1924
    • Director of the Pont-de-Chéruy factories of the Le Havre Wire Drawing and Rolling Mill Company 1933
    • Technical Director of the Le Havre Wire Drawing and Rolling Mill Company 1945
    • Director of the Le Havre Drawing and Rolling Mill Company 1953

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b Lange 2003.
  2. ^ a b Zelek & Defortsecu 2012, p. 5.
  3. ^ a b Hours.
  4. ^ a b c d e Zelek & Defortsecu 2012, p. 6.
  5. ^ Lagana 1990, p. 104.
  6. ^ Joly 2012, p. 22.
  7. ^ Eugène Etienne – Assemblée.
  8. ^ a b Lagana 1990, p. 106.
  9. ^ Magraw 1983, p. 358.
  10. ^ Smith 1998, p. 58.
  11. ^ Lagana 1990, p. 105.
  12. ^ Barzman 1995.
  13. ^ a b Mahl.
  14. ^ Joly 2012, p. 25.
  15. ^ Amphoux 1932, p. 38.
  16. ^ Malon 2012, p. 33.
  17. ^ Lanthier 1992, p. 450.
  18. ^ Pasqualaggi 1952, p. 71.
  19. ^ Pasqualaggi 1952, p. 74.
  20. ^ a b c d Etienne Claire 1997.
  21. ^ a b c d e f Perrot 2005.
  22. ^ a b L’Histoire de Tréfimétaux – self.
  23. ^ a b Goncalves 2010.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tréfileries et Laminoirs du Havre.

Sources edit

  • Amphoux, Marcel (15 January 1932), "Les Industries du Havre", Annales de Géographie (in French), 41 (229), Armand Colin: 32–48, doi:10.3406/geo.1932.11066, JSTOR 23864897
  • Barzman, John (July 1995), "« LA GRAVITÉ DU FLÉCHISSEMENT QUI S'ÉTAIT PRODUIT AU HAVRE... » GRÈVES ET OPPOSITION A LA GUERRE EN 1917–1918", Guerres Mondiales et Conflits Contemporains (in French) (179), Presses Universitaires de France: 115–130, JSTOR 25732262
  • Etienne Claire (12 September 1997), "Tréfilerie, laminoir, société des tréfileries et laminoirs du Havre, puis Tréfimetaux, puis Chiers-Châtillon, puis Tecnor", Base Mérimée (in French), Ministry of Culture, retrieved 2020-12-17
  • Eugène Etienne (in French), Assemblée nationale, retrieved 2018-01-30
  • Goncalves, Arielle (5 August 2010), "CHRONOLOGIE Pechiney, l'histoire mouvementée d'un ex-champion national", Les Echos (in French), retrieved 2018-02-02
  • Hours, Bernard (ed.), "TLH (Tréfileries et laminoirs du Havre)", SYMOGIH.ORG (in French), Laboratoire de recherche historique Rhône-Alpes (LARHRA), retrieved 2018-01-29
  • Joly, Hervé (April–June 2012), "Les dirigeants des grandes entreprises industrielles françaises au 20 e siècle: Des notables aux gestionnaires", Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire (in French) (114, Patrons et patronat en France au 20 e siècle), Sciences Po University Press, doi:10.3917/vin.114.0016, JSTOR 23326293
  • Lagana, Marc (1990), Le Parti Colonial Français: Éléments d'Histoire, PUQ, ISBN 978-2-7605-2304-3, retrieved 2018-01-30
  • Lange, A. (6 March 2003), "Lazare Weiller (1858-1928), Meteore de l'histoire de la television", Histoire de la télévision (in French), retrieved 2018-01-29
  • Lanthier, Pierre (Autumn 1992), "LA CONSTRUCTION ÉLECTRIQUE FRANÇAISE ENTRE VICHY ET L'OCCUPATION (1940–1944)", Histoire, Économie et Société (in French), 11 (3: STRATEGIES INDUSTRIELLES SOUS L'OCCUPATION), Armand Colin: 445–453, doi:10.3406/hes.1992.1643, JSTOR 23611252
  • L'Histoire de Tréfimétaux (in French), Tréfimétaux, retrieved 2018-01-29
  • Magraw, Roger (1983), France, 1815–1914: The Bourgeois Century, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-520503-9, retrieved 2018-01-30
  • Mahl, R., "Henri LAFOND (1894–1963)", Annales des Mines (in French), retrieved 2017-09-27
  • Malon, Claude (2012), Occupation, épuration, reconstruction: Le monde de l'entreprise au Havre (1940–1950) (in French), Publication Univ Rouen Havre, ISBN 978-2-87775-554-2, retrieved 2018-01-30
  • Pasqualaggi, Gilles (January 1952), "Les ententes en France Leurs principaux aspects Les problèmes que pose leur contrôle", Revue économique (in French), 3 (1), Sciences Po University Press: 63–82, doi:10.2307/3497142, JSTOR 3497142
  • Perrot, Albert (2005), "Le déclin dramatique des TRÉFILERIES et LAMINOIRS du HAVRE !", Le Havre, une ville qui sent l'usine et qui sent la mer et qui sent aussi la lutte (in French), Le fil rouge, retrieved 2018-02-02
  • Smith, Michael S. (Spring 1998), "Putting France in the Chandlerian Framework: France's 100 Largest Industrial Firms in 1913", The Business History Review (in French), 72 (1), The President and Fellows of Harvard College: 46–85, doi:10.2307/3116595, JSTOR 3116595, S2CID 154027899
  • Zelek, Richard; Defortsecu, Jacques (Autumn 2012), "Histoire de l'entreprise Tréfileries et Laminoirs du Havre et de ses salariés" (PDF), Le Fil Rouge (in French) (45), CGT Institut d'histoire sociale, retrieved 2018-01-30

January 01, 1970
tréfileries, laminoirs, havre, havre, wire, drawing, rolling, mills, enterprise, based, havre, france, that, manufactured, copper, wire, other, copper, products, products, other, metals, including, bronze, aluminum, founded, serve, rapidly, growing, market, el. The Trefileries et Laminoirs du Havre TLH Le Havre Wire Drawing and Rolling Mills was an enterprise based in Le Havre France that manufactured copper wire other copper products and products of other metals including bronze and aluminum It was founded to serve the rapidly growing market for electrical power transmission and for telegraph and telephone cables It grew into a massive industrial empire with factories in many French cities and abroad In 1962 it merged with the Compagnie francaise des metaux and became Trefimetaux In 1967 Trefimetaux was acquired by Pechiney The various plants were closed or sold over the years Trefileries et Laminoirs du HavreWorkers in the company s Le Havre mills after World War IIIndustryCopperFounded7 July 1883Defunct1962FateMergedSuccessorTrefimetauxHeadquartersParis France Contents 1 Founder 2 Early years 3 World War I 4 Later history 5 Merger and subsequent changes 6 Key people 7 Notes 8 SourcesFounder editThe company was created by Lazare Weiller 1858 1928 who was born in the small town of Selestat in Alsace on 20 July 1858 He studied in Angouleme and Paris and then in Trinity College Oxford He returned to Angouleme to work in his cousin s factory which produced metal sheets for the paper industry He became interested in the problem of drawing copper wires for which there was growing demand adapted the process of rolling hot steel rods into wire so the method could be used with copper and launched his own company in Angouleme to make copper wire in this way He developed a bronze alloy that combined the conductivity of copper with the strength to remain stretched between poles 50 metres 160 ft apart of great value to telegraph and telephone companies and obtained several patents in France and other countries 1 In 1880 at the age of 22 Weiller created what would become the Trefileries et Laminoirs du Havre Weiller joined the board of the Societe des telephones which was both a customer and an investor in his company Weiller remained interested in research and explored transmission of images over electrical wires colour photography and flying He was elected a deputy in 1914 and held office through World War I then was a senator from 1920 until his death in 1928 1 Early years edit nbsp Atelier de trefilerie Lazare Weiller 1892 nbsp Lazare Weiller in 1920 Weiller created the Societe Lazare Weiller in 1883 with the first factory in Angouleme and was the main owner of the enterprise 2 The company was incorporated on 7 July 1883 3 Weiller acquired land along the Paris Le Havre railway and the new Canal de Tancarville in 1895 and in 1896 built a larger factory at Graville fr in the Le Havre region The choice of location was to take advantage of Le Havre as a port of entry for copper and a port from which to export products to England and the United States 2 In 1898 the Le Havre factory had 14 steam engines with 8 300 horsepower and 114 electric machines The factory avoided employing great numbers of workers but in 1897 had 900 employees rising to almost 2 000 in 1913 It covered about 20 hectares 49 acres of which half was roofed It included forges foundries rolling mills and wireworks and processed copper steel aluminum brass bronze and nickel The bulk of the output was for electrical equipment and construction of telephone and telegraph lines 4 In 1901 the company became the Compagnie des Trefileries et Laminoirs du Havre TLH Weiller became associated with Swiss banks and from 1907 started to acquire facilities and companies to become a huge industrial complex 4 The company now a societe anonyme increased market share through purchase of the Societe cooperative des fonderies laminoirs et trefileries de Rugles in 1907 In 1911 TLH further increased its production of electrical wires and cables by merging with the Canalisation electrique company giving it a dominant position in the industry reducing competition and opening new markets in Paris streetcars the PTT and other ministries railways and so on 5 Eugene Etienne was appointed to the TLH board in 1911 left this position when he became Minister of War in January 1913 then rejoined the board the next year and became president until his death in 1921 6 Etienne was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1881 to 1919 7 He was leader of the Colonial group in the chamber of deputies and agitated for expansion of railway lines in the colonies 8 He felt that the future of TLH lay in developing the railways and ports of the colonial empire Etienne was linked to Robert Pinot of the Comite des forges 9 In 1913 the company s assets were 57 800 000 francs making it the 22nd largest industrial company in France and the third largest manufacturer of electrical equipment after the Compagnie Francaise Thomson Houston and Compagnie Generale d Electricite 10 Members of the board of TLH were also involved in many other companies helping the growth of the enterprise Examples were Henri Cahen director of the Societe des applications industrielles Alphonse Hauser retired chief engineer of the navy and administrator of the Compagnie des ports de Tunis Sousse et Sfax Raymond Jarry administrator of the Societe des hauts fourneaux de la Chiers Gaston de La Mathe administrator of the Societe Eclairage electrique and Societe Energie du nord de la France and Rene Robard an engineer also on the board of Alluminio italiano Hippolyte Bouchayer Emile Cahen Henri Cahen Raymond Jarry and Rene Robard were all members of the board of TLH and of its Italian subsidiary Le Trafilerie e laminatoi di metalli which produced copper wire and steel and copper pipe for the Italian market particularly the Italian armed forces 11 World War I editDuring World War I of 2 700 employees at Le Harve 2 200 were enlisted in the army the factory was placed under military control and engaged in production of war material Women and children were employed in large numbers as were refugees from Belgium and the occupied parts of France The number of worker rose to 6 800 at Le Havre and 1 300 at Rugles 4 In the spring of 1917 five workers were dismissed for circulating a petition that objected to downgrading the classification of some jobs and demanded a cost of living allowance 12 During this period Louis Loucheur administrator of TLH became Minister of Armaments 4 The company bought several cargo ships which were armed in Bordeaux 4 In the summer of 1914 TLH took control of the Societe francaise de couleurs metalliques et de l aluminium lamine TLH tried but failed to acquire the Societe electrometallurgique francaise de Froges the largest French producer of aluminum TLH did manage to acquire a large stake in the Societe d Alais et de la Camargue an aluminum producer This company in turn took control of the Societe electrometallurgique de Froges in 1919 to become the Compagnie des produits chimiques et electrometallurgiques d Alais Froges et Camargue Pechiney Hippolyte Bouchayer represented TLH in Pechiney Although TLH did not gained as large a share of aluminum as they wanted in France the company expanded its interests in this metal in Norway and Italy 8 Later history edit nbsp The plant in La Havre after World War II nbsp Another view of the post war plant The company later moved its headquarters to Paris and came to have factories in Le Havre Rugles Saint Maurice Grenoble Charleval la Praz Dijon Montreuil Belfroy Darnetal Saint Denis La Courneuve Poissy and Pont de Cheruy 13 Eugene Mauclere 1857 1933 former controller general of the army and councilor of state a member of the board of the Chemins de fer de Paris a Lyon et a la Mediterranee and vice president of the Mokta el Hadid and Phosphates de Gafsa mining companies joined the board of TLH as president in 1931 14 In 1932 TLH was the largest manufacturers of copper lead zinc tin and metal products in Le Havre which now received 60 of copper imports into France thanks to its connections with North America The plant made wire tubes and sheets of copper and steel which were then shipped to the mechanical construction and electrical industries A quarter of output went to the colonies 15 As of 1939 TLH employed 4 673 workers in Le Havre 16 During World War II 1939 45 in the period between 1940 and 1944 TLH had to deal with a shortage of copper and made more use of aluminum and aluminum alloys 17 From 1943 Henri Lafond was President of the Mines du Huaron and on the board of Trefileries et Laminoirs du Havre 13 A 1952 study said Trefileries et Laminoirs du Havre had a capital of 3 132 million francs and holdings in Hauts Fourneaux de la Chiers Alais Froges Financiere Metallurgique Electrique Lignes Telegraphiques et Telephoniques Etablissements Bouchery Signaux et Entreprises Electriques Etablissements Coquillard and the Societe Procol 18 TLH was also part owner of Pechiney 19 Merger and subsequent changes editIn 1962 TLH merged with the Compagnie francaise des metaux and became Trefimetaux 20 In 1966 the wire drawing and steel cabling operations of Plant 2 were taken over by the Societe des hauts fourneaux de Chiers Chatillon which opened a casting and rolling mill to manufacture small aluminum alloy cables in 1968 In 1969 Chiers Chatillon merged with Cousin freres to form the Societe Seine et Lys which closed in 1972 laying off 425 people 20 Many of those who lost their jobs were women 21 In 1967 Trefimetaux was acquired by Pechiney and became the copper division of that group contributing 8 of the group s total 22 In 1971 Pechiney merged with Ugine Kuhlmann to form Pechiney Ugine Kuhlman PUK 23 From 1974 PUK suffered serious losses 23 The threat of mass dismissals was first aired in 1974 21 Between 1980 and 1987 the Trefimetaux subsidiary reduced staff from 6 000 to 2 500 and closed the factories in Le Havre and Dives sur Mer In 1980 it sold its cable production activities to Pirelli 22 The Trefimetaux copper mill in Le Havre closed in 1980 and in 1981 Trefimetaux closed its remaining operations in Le Havre 20 It was succeeded by three companies Cuivres et Alliages Chiers Chatillon Gorcy which later became Hauts Fourneaux de la Chiers and then Technor and Thomson Cables 21 Cuivres et Alliages was closed in 1984 21 In 1986 Tecnor manufacturing wire cables and conductors took an area of 158 000 square metres 1 700 000 sq ft of the La Havre factories of which 74 000 square metres 800 000 sq ft were covered with a line of casting continuous rolling and wire drawing machines 20 Technor ceased operations in 1989 90 21 In January 2003 Trefileries et Cableries du Havre had 72 employees falling to about 30 in April 2003 21 Key people editKey people included 3 Maurice Waldmann Director of the Angouleme wire drawing plant and then at Le Havre Director of the Cie Lazare Weiller which became the Trefileries et Laminoirs du Havre 1893 1922 Claudius Feyeux Chief Maintenance Engineer at Le Havre Wire Drawing and Rolling Mill 1898 Albert Lefebvre Engineer at Le Havre Wire Works and Rolling Mills 1913 1919 Maurice Boutin Director of the Darnetal plant of the Le Havre drawing and rolling mill company 1924 Director of the Pont de Cheruy factories of the Le Havre Wire Drawing and Rolling Mill Company 1933 Technical Director of the Le Havre Wire Drawing and Rolling Mill Company 1945 Director of the Le Havre Drawing and Rolling Mill Company 1953Notes edit a b Lange 2003 a b Zelek amp Defortsecu 2012 p 5 a b Hours a b c d e Zelek amp Defortsecu 2012 p 6 Lagana 1990 p 104 Joly 2012 p 22 Eugene Etienne Assemblee a b Lagana 1990 p 106 Magraw 1983 p 358 Smith 1998 p 58 Lagana 1990 p 105 Barzman 1995 a b Mahl Joly 2012 p 25 Amphoux 1932 p 38 Malon 2012 p 33 Lanthier 1992 p 450 Pasqualaggi 1952 p 71 Pasqualaggi 1952 p 74 a b c d Etienne Claire 1997 a b c d e f Perrot 2005 a b L Histoire de Trefimetaux self a b Goncalves 2010 nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Trefileries et Laminoirs du Havre Sources editAmphoux Marcel 15 January 1932 Les Industries du Havre Annales de Geographie in French 41 229 Armand Colin 32 48 doi 10 3406 geo 1932 11066 JSTOR 23864897 Barzman John July 1995 LA GRAVITE DU FLECHISSEMENT QUI S ETAIT PRODUIT AU HAVRE GREVES ET OPPOSITION A LA GUERRE EN 1917 1918 Guerres Mondiales et Conflits Contemporains in French 179 Presses Universitaires de France 115 130 JSTOR 25732262 Etienne Claire 12 September 1997 Trefilerie laminoir societe des trefileries et laminoirs du Havre puis Trefimetaux puis Chiers Chatillon puis Tecnor Base Merimee in French Ministry of Culture retrieved 2020 12 17 Eugene Etienne in French Assemblee nationale retrieved 2018 01 30 Goncalves Arielle 5 August 2010 CHRONOLOGIE Pechiney l histoire mouvementee d un ex champion national Les Echos in French retrieved 2018 02 02 Hours Bernard ed TLH Trefileries et laminoirs du Havre SYMOGIH ORG in French Laboratoire de recherche historique Rhone Alpes LARHRA retrieved 2018 01 29 Joly Herve April June 2012 Les dirigeants des grandes entreprises industrielles francaises au 20 e siecle Des 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epuration reconstruction Le monde de l entreprise au Havre 1940 1950 in French Publication Univ Rouen Havre ISBN 978 2 87775 554 2 retrieved 2018 01 30 Pasqualaggi Gilles January 1952 Les ententes en France Leurs principaux aspects Les problemes que pose leur controle Revue economique in French 3 1 Sciences Po University Press 63 82 doi 10 2307 3497142 JSTOR 3497142 Perrot Albert 2005 Le declin dramatique des TREFILERIES et LAMINOIRS du HAVRE Le Havre une ville qui sent l usine et qui sent la mer et qui sent aussi la lutte in French Le fil rouge retrieved 2018 02 02 Smith Michael S Spring 1998 Putting France in the Chandlerian Framework France s 100 Largest Industrial Firms in 1913 The Business History Review in French 72 1 The President and Fellows of Harvard College 46 85 doi 10 2307 3116595 JSTOR 3116595 S2CID 154027899 Zelek Richard Defortsecu Jacques Autumn 2012 Histoire de l entreprise Trefileries et Laminoirs du Havre et de ses salaries PDF Le Fil Rouge in French 45 CGT Institut 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