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Taqulittuq

January 01, 1970

Taqulittuq (Inuktitut: ᑕᖁᓕᑦᑐᖅ, often transliterated as Tookoolito; c. 1838 – December 31, 1876) was an Inuk interpreter and guide. She and her husband Ipirvik (also known as Joe) worked alongside Arctic explorer Charles Francis Hall and joined him in his search for Franklin's lost expedition in the 1860s, as well as the Polaris expedition to reach the North Pole.[1][2]

Taqulittuq in the United States

Biography edit

Early life and family edit

Taqulittuq was born at Cape Searle in the Cumberland Sound or Qikiqtaaluk Region, or Baffin Island area. Her brother, Eenoolooapik, traveled in 1839 with whaler William Penny to Aberdeen.[3] Other relatives, Totocatapik and Kur-king, were also renowned as travelers. In 1852, Taqulittuq began learning English from a British whaler, William Barron.[4]

Travels edit

 
Taqulittuq at an exposition

In 1853, a whaling captain named John Bowlby (sometimes called Thomas Bowlby) brought her with Ipirvik and an unrelated child, Akulukjuk ("Harlookjoe"), to England. The three Inuit were exhibited in various venues throughout the north of the country. They were eventually brought to London, where they were received by Queen Victoria at Windsor Castle.[5] She and Ipirvik dined with the Queen and Prince Albert. Unlike many less scrupulous showmen, Bowlby returned the group to the Arctic.

In 1860, the explorer Charles Francis Hall met Taqulittuq and Ipirvik, hiring them as a translator and guide on his first expedition to search for remains of the Franklin expedition. Local inhabitants led him to the remains of the Frobisher expedition instead. Sidney Budington captained the expedition's ship, the George Henry.

She and Ipirvik returned with Hall in the fall of 1862, and appeared alongside him at his lectures.[6] Later that year, Hall arranged for them to be exhibited at Barnum's American Museum in New York, where they drew enormous crowds, advertised as "Esquimaux Indians ... from the Arctic regions ... the first and only inhabitants of these frozen regions ever brought to" the United States.[7] Not long after, Hall agreed to a second exhibition at Boston's Aquarial Gardens, but when no payment was forthcoming, decided that such shows were not worth the risk to Hannah and Ipirvik’s health.[8] Nevertheless, they accompanied him on his East Coast lecture tour throughout the early months of 1863, and possibly, as a result, Taqulittuq's young son Butterfly became ill and died of pneumonia. Inconsolable, Taqulittuq became suicidal, but eventually regained her health.

Along with Ipirvik, she returned with Hall to the Arctic on his second land expedition from 1864 to 1869.[9] During this expedition, Taqulittuq gave birth to a son "King William," who died in infancy; she and Ipirvik then adopted a two-year-old Inuit girl whom they called simply Panik (Inuktitut: "daughter").

Taqulittuq and Ipirvik also accompanied Hall on his final expedition aboard the Polaris. Along with their daughter Panik and Hans Hendrik, they were among the party left behind after Hall's death, when the ship abruptly broke loose of the ice and failed to return. This party endured a remarkable six-month drift on a gradually-shrinking ice-floe, kept alive only by Ipirvik and Hans's hunting skills; the entire party was rescued by a sealer in April 1873.

 
Taqulittuq's grave in Groton

During the investigation into Hall's death, both Taqulittuq and Ipirvik testified, both corroborating Hall's belief that he had been poisoned, but their evidence was discounted.[10]

Later life edit

They returned to Groton, Connecticut, to a home that whaling captain that Hall and Sidney O. Budington had helped establish. Ipirvik returned to the Arctic several times to work as a guide, while Taqulittuq remained behind, caring for Panik and working as a seamstress.

After Panik—whose health had been poor since her experience on the ice floe—died at the age of nine, Hannah fell into declining health. Ipirvik was with her when she died on December 31, 1876; she was buried in the Starr Burying Ground not far from the Budington family plot.

Legacy edit

Tookoolito Inlet, located on the western side of Cornelius Grinnell Bay in Nunavut, and Hannah Island, in the mouth of Bessels Fjord, North Greenland, is named after her. Taqulittuq and her husband were named Persons of National Historic Significance in 1981.[11]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Loomis 1971, p. 258.
  2. ^ Kaalund, Nanna Katrine Lüders (2022). "Erasure as a Tool of Nineteenth-Century European Exploration, and the Arctic Travels of Tookoolito and Ipiirvik". The Historical Journal. 66: 122–140. doi:10.1017/S0018246X22000139. ISSN 0018-246X. S2CID 251662473.
  3. ^ Nuttall, M. (2004). Encyclopedia of the Arctic. Routledge.
  4. ^ Foster 2004
  5. ^ Loomis 1971, p. 86.
  6. ^ Potter 2007, p. 168.
  7. ^ New York Times, November 15, 1862.
  8. ^ Potter 2007, p. 173.
  9. ^ Loomis 1971, pp. 159–160.
  10. ^ Petrone 1988, pp. 66–72.
  11. ^ "Ipirvik and Taqulittuq (Ebierbing et Tookoolito) National Historic Person". Government of Canada. Retrieved 2 November 2017.

Bibliography edit

External links edit

  • Biography of Taqulittuq at the Canadian Encyclopedia by John Bennett
  • Kenn Harper, "Taissumani: A Day in Arctic History — Nov. 2 1860: A Fortuitous Meeting",
  • Listing in Parks Canada's Persons of National Historic Significance
  • Review of Midnight to the North by Kenn Harper at the Arctic Book Review
  • Handbill and description of public exhibitions of "Hannah" and "Joe," at the "Esquimaux" on Display page (Rhode Island College)

January 01, 1970
taqulittuq, inuktitut, ᑕᖁᓕᑦᑐᖅ, often, transliterated, tookoolito, 1838, december, 1876, inuk, interpreter, guide, husband, ipirvik, also, known, worked, alongside, arctic, explorer, charles, francis, hall, joined, search, franklin, lost, expedition, 1860s, wel. Taqulittuq Inuktitut ᑕᖁᓕᑦᑐᖅ often transliterated as Tookoolito c 1838 December 31 1876 was an Inuk interpreter and guide She and her husband Ipirvik also known as Joe worked alongside Arctic explorer Charles Francis Hall and joined him in his search for Franklin s lost expedition in the 1860s as well as the Polaris expedition to reach the North Pole 1 2 Taqulittuq in the United States Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Early life and family 1 2 Travels 1 3 Later life 2 Legacy 3 Notes 4 Bibliography 5 External linksBiography editEarly life and family edit Taqulittuq was born at Cape Searle in the Cumberland Sound or Qikiqtaaluk Region or Baffin Island area Her brother Eenoolooapik traveled in 1839 with whaler William Penny to Aberdeen 3 Other relatives Totocatapik and Kur king were also renowned as travelers In 1852 Taqulittuq began learning English from a British whaler William Barron 4 Travels edit nbsp Taqulittuq at an exposition In 1853 a whaling captain named John Bowlby sometimes called Thomas Bowlby brought her with Ipirvik and an unrelated child Akulukjuk Harlookjoe to England The three Inuit were exhibited in various venues throughout the north of the country They were eventually brought to London where they were received by Queen Victoria at Windsor Castle 5 She and Ipirvik dined with the Queen and Prince Albert Unlike many less scrupulous showmen Bowlby returned the group to the Arctic In 1860 the explorer Charles Francis Hall met Taqulittuq and Ipirvik hiring them as a translator and guide on his first expedition to search for remains of the Franklin expedition Local inhabitants led him to the remains of the Frobisher expedition instead Sidney Budington captained the expedition s ship the George Henry She and Ipirvik returned with Hall in the fall of 1862 and appeared alongside him at his lectures 6 Later that year Hall arranged for them to be exhibited at Barnum s American Museum in New York where they drew enormous crowds advertised as Esquimaux Indians from the Arctic regions the first and only inhabitants of these frozen regions ever brought to the United States 7 Not long after Hall agreed to a second exhibition at Boston s Aquarial Gardens but when no payment was forthcoming decided that such shows were not worth the risk to Hannah and Ipirvik s health 8 Nevertheless they accompanied him on his East Coast lecture tour throughout the early months of 1863 and possibly as a result Taqulittuq s young son Butterfly became ill and died of pneumonia Inconsolable Taqulittuq became suicidal but eventually regained her health Along with Ipirvik she returned with Hall to the Arctic on his second land expedition from 1864 to 1869 9 During this expedition Taqulittuq gave birth to a son King William who died in infancy she and Ipirvik then adopted a two year old Inuit girl whom they called simply Panik Inuktitut daughter Taqulittuq and Ipirvik also accompanied Hall on his final expedition aboard the Polaris Along with their daughter Panik and Hans Hendrik they were among the party left behind after Hall s death when the ship abruptly broke loose of the ice and failed to return This party endured a remarkable six month drift on a gradually shrinking ice floe kept alive only by Ipirvik and Hans s hunting skills the entire party was rescued by a sealer in April 1873 nbsp Taqulittuq s grave in Groton During the investigation into Hall s death both Taqulittuq and Ipirvik testified both corroborating Hall s belief that he had been poisoned but their evidence was discounted 10 Later life edit They returned to Groton Connecticut to a home that whaling captain that Hall and Sidney O Budington had helped establish Ipirvik returned to the Arctic several times to work as a guide while Taqulittuq remained behind caring for Panik and working as a seamstress After Panik whose health had been poor since her experience on the ice floe died at the age of nine Hannah fell into declining health Ipirvik was with her when she died on December 31 1876 she was buried in the Starr Burying Ground not far from the Budington family plot Legacy editTookoolito Inlet located on the western side of Cornelius Grinnell Bay in Nunavut and Hannah Island in the mouth of Bessels Fjord North Greenland is named after her Taqulittuq and her husband were named Persons of National Historic Significance in 1981 11 Notes edit Loomis 1971 p 258 Kaalund Nanna Katrine Luders 2022 Erasure as a Tool of Nineteenth Century European Exploration and the Arctic Travels of Tookoolito and Ipiirvik The Historical Journal 66 122 140 doi 10 1017 S0018246X22000139 ISSN 0018 246X S2CID 251662473 Nuttall M 2004 Encyclopedia of the Arctic Routledge Foster 2004 Loomis 1971 p 86 Potter 2007 p 168 New York Times November 15 1862 Potter 2007 p 173 Loomis 1971 pp 159 160 Petrone 1988 pp 66 72 Ipirvik and Taqulittuq Ebierbing et Tookoolito National Historic Person Government of Canada Retrieved 2 November 2017 Bibliography editFoster M 2004 100 Canadian Heroines Toronto Dundern Press ISBN 1550025147 Harper K 1989 History on a headstone a long forgotten chapter of Inuit heroism Above and Beyond 1 2 53 62 Jones H G 2002 Teaching the explorers some Inuit contributions to Arctic discoveries Polar Geography 26 1 4 20 doi 10 1080 789609350 S2CID 128611222 Loomis C C 1971 Weird and Tragic Shores The Story of Charles Francis Hall Lincoln University of Nebraska Press ISBN 9780375755255 Nickerson S 2002 Midnight to the North The Inuit Woman Who Saved the Polaris Expedition Tarcher Books Petrone P 1988 Northern Voices Inuit Writing in English University of Toronto Press ISBN 080207717X Potter R 2007 Arctic Spectacles The Frozen North in Visual Culture 1818 1875 University of Washington Press ISBN 978 0295986807 External links editBiography of Taqulittuq at the Canadian Encyclopedia by John Bennett Kenn Harper Taissumani A Day in Arctic History Nov 2 1860 A Fortuitous Meeting Nunatsiaq News archive Listing in Parks Canada s Persons of National Historic Significance Review of Midnight to the North by Kenn Harper at the Arctic Book Review Handbill and description of public exhibitions of Hannah and Joe at the Esquimaux on Display page Rhode Island College Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Taqulittuq amp oldid 1207729524, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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