Tony Garnier (13 August 1869 – 19 January 1948) was a noted French architect and city planner. He was most active in his home city of Lyon, where he notably designed the Halle Tony Garnier and Stade de Gerland. Garnier is considered one of the forerunners of 20th-century French architects.
After learning painting and drafting at the École Technique de la Martinière in Lyon (1883-86), Garnier studied architecture at the École nationale des beaux-arts de Lyon (1886-89) and the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris (1890-99). In 1899 he won the Prix de Rome for a design of a national bank. The prize enabled him to reside at the Villa Medici in Rome for four years, until 1904.[1] During his stay in Rome he began working on the project of an industrial city that became his main contribution to town planning.[2]
In 1901, after extensive study of sociological and architectural problems, he began to formulate an elaborate solution to the perceived issues concerning urban design. His basic idea included the separation of spaces by function through zoning into several categories: industrial, civic, residential, health related, and entertainment. Garnier's drawings for an ideal industrial city called Une cité industrielle were initially exhibited in 1904, but only published later in 1918.[1]
Une Cité Industrielle was designed as an utopian form of living, for 35,000 inhabitants. It was located between a mountain and a river to facilitate access to hydroelectric power. This plan was highly influenced by the writings of Émile Zola, in particular his socialist utopian novel Travail (1901).[1] The plan allowed schools and vocational-type schools to be near the industries they were related to, so that people could be more easily educated. There were no churches or law enforcement buildings, in hope that man could rule himself. The idea of functional separation was later taken up by the members of CIAM, and would ultimately influence the design of cities like Brasilia.
In 1904 Garnier returned to Lyon, where he received a commission for a livestock market and slaughterhouse (1906-24), later named Halle Tony Garnier. In 1910 he was commissioned for the design of the Édouard-Hérriot Hospital, completed in 1927. Further projects included several villas, the Stade de Gerland (Gerland stadium) (1914-18) and the low-cost housing Quartier des Etats-Unis (1919-35) on United-States avenue in the 8th arrondissement of Lyon.[1]
Grave of Tony Garnier
In the 1920s Garnier continued the work on several major projects started before the war. In 1939 he moved from Lyon to Roquefort-la-Bédoule, where he died in 1948.[1] He is buried in the Croix-Rousse cemetery.
Selected projects
Cité Industrielle, project for an ideal city, 1904
Rothschild Foundation Housing, Paris (competition entry), 1905
Slaughterhouse and Stockyard, later named after him Halle Tony Garnier, Lyon, 1905-1924 (now a music venue, where coincidentally another Tony Garnier performed in 2010 as part of Bob Dylan's band)
Grange-Blanche Hospital (now H. Edouard Herriot Hospital), Lyon, 1910-27
tony, garnier, architect, musician, tony, garnier, musician, tony, garnier, august, 1869, january, 1948, noted, french, architect, city, planner, most, active, home, city, lyon, where, notably, designed, halle, tony, garnier, stade, gerland, garnier, considere. For the musician see Tony Garnier musician Tony Garnier 13 August 1869 19 January 1948 was a noted French architect and city planner He was most active in his home city of Lyon where he notably designed the Halle Tony Garnier and Stade de Gerland Garnier is considered one of the forerunners of 20th century French architects Tony GarnierPortrait of Tony GarnierBorn 1869 08 13 13 August 1869Lyon FranceDied19 January 1948 1948 01 19 aged 78 Roquefort la Bedoule FranceNationalityFrenchAlma materEcole nationale des beaux arts de LyonEcole nationale superieure des Beaux ArtsOccupationArchitectAwardsPrix de RomeBuildingsHalle Tony Garnier Stade de GerlandProjectsCite Industrielle Contents 1 Biography 2 Selected projects 3 Publications 4 References 5 External linksBiography EditAfter learning painting and drafting at the Ecole Technique de la Martiniere in Lyon 1883 86 Garnier studied architecture at the Ecole nationale des beaux arts de Lyon 1886 89 and the Ecole nationale superieure des Beaux Arts in Paris 1890 99 In 1899 he won the Prix de Rome for a design of a national bank The prize enabled him to reside at the Villa Medici in Rome for four years until 1904 1 During his stay in Rome he began working on the project of an industrial city that became his main contribution to town planning 2 In 1901 after extensive study of sociological and architectural problems he began to formulate an elaborate solution to the perceived issues concerning urban design His basic idea included the separation of spaces by function through zoning into several categories industrial civic residential health related and entertainment Garnier s drawings for an ideal industrial city called Une cite industrielle were initially exhibited in 1904 but only published later in 1918 1 Une Cite Industrielle was designed as an utopian form of living for 35 000 inhabitants It was located between a mountain and a river to facilitate access to hydroelectric power This plan was highly influenced by the writings of Emile Zola in particular his socialist utopian novel Travail 1901 1 The plan allowed schools and vocational type schools to be near the industries they were related to so that people could be more easily educated There were no churches or law enforcement buildings in hope that man could rule himself The idea of functional separation was later taken up by the members of CIAM and would ultimately influence the design of cities like Brasilia In 1904 Garnier returned to Lyon where he received a commission for a livestock market and slaughterhouse 1906 24 later named Halle Tony Garnier In 1910 he was commissioned for the design of the Edouard Herriot Hospital completed in 1927 Further projects included several villas the Stade de Gerland Gerland stadium 1914 18 and the low cost housing Quartier des Etats Unis 1919 35 on United States avenue in the 8th arrondissement of Lyon 1 Grave of Tony Garnier In the 1920s Garnier continued the work on several major projects started before the war In 1939 he moved from Lyon to Roquefort la Bedoule where he died in 1948 1 He is buried in the Croix Rousse cemetery Selected projects EditCite Industrielle project for an ideal city 1904 Rothschild Foundation Housing Paris competition entry 1905 Slaughterhouse and Stockyard later named after him Halle Tony Garnier Lyon 1905 1924 now a music venue where coincidentally another Tony Garnier performed in 2010 as part of Bob Dylan s band Grange Blanche Hospital now H Edouard Herriot Hospital Lyon 1910 27 Villa Tony Garnier Saint Rambert Lyon 1911 Stade de Gerland municipal stadium Lyon 1914 18 Quartier des Etats Unis housing Lyon 1919 35 Villa Gros Saint Didier 1921 Sanatorium Saint Hilaire de Touvet 1923 Lyon and Saint Etienne Pavilions International Exposition of Modern Industrial and Decorative Arts Paris 1925 Hotel de Ville town hall Boulogne Brillancourt with Jacques Debat Ponsan 1934Publications Edit1918 Une Cite Industrielle Etude pour la construction des villes 1920 Les grands travaux de la ville de LyonReferences Edit a b c d e Sennott R Stephen 2004 Encyclopedia of 20th Century Architecture New York Fitzroy Dearborn Caves R W 2004 Encyclopedia of the City Routledge p 283 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tony Garnier Website for the Tony Garnier museum Portals architecture France Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tony Garnier architect amp oldid 1110268976, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
