Todd's nightjar has at times been considered a subspecies of Anthony's nightjar (Nyctidromus anthonyi) and little nightjar (Setopagis parvula) but genetic, plumage, and vocal differences support its treatment as a species. The alternative name, Santa Marta nightjar, after Colombia's Santa Marta Mountains, was rejected because the species' range is much larger. It is monotypic.[3][4]
Description
Todd's nightjar is 17 to 21 cm (6.7 to 8.3 in) long. The male is generally gray above, with blackish and buff streaks and spots. It has a narrow cinnamon collar on the hindneck, a white throat, and a dark brown breast with fine bars and spots. In flight the wing shows white patches on both top and bottom. All the tail feathers except the innermost ones have conspicuous white tips. The female has a duskier crown, a buffy throat, and no white in the tail. The tail of both sexes is shorter than that of other sympatric nightjars.[3]
Distribution and habitat
Todd's nightjar is mostly found in northeastern Colombia and north and central Venezuela. There are a single record from Guyana and two in far northern Brazil.[3][5][6]
Todd's nightjar inhabits a variety of landscapes including the edges of deciduous and semi-deciduous woodland, gallery forest, open woodland, and suburban parks. It appears to favor slightly hilly terrain. In elevation it ranges from sea level to 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in Venezuela but is usually found lower in Colombia.[3]
Behavior
Feeding
Todd's nightjar forages by sallying from the ground or a low perch. Its diet has not been studied in detail but is known to be mostly if not entirely insects.[3]
Breeding
The breeding season or seasons of Todd's nightjar has not been defined, though it appears to differ across its range. They lay their two egg clutch directly on the ground, usually under a bush.[3]
Vocalization
Todd's nightjar's song is "an evenly pitched 'pik-you, gobble-gobble-gobble'", sung from the ground or a low perch. Its other calls, if any, are unknown.[3]
Status
The IUCN has assessed Todd's nightjar as being of Least Concern. It has a fairly large range, and though its population is unknown it is believed to be stable. It appears to be rare in Colombia and uncommon to locally fairly common in Venezuela. It occurs in some protected areas.[1][3]
^Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (July 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.2)". Retrieved July 14, 2021.
^ abcdefghidel Hoyo, J., N. Collar, G. M. Kirwan, and C. J. Sharpe (2020). Todd's Nightjar (Setopagis heterura), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.samnig1.01 retrieved October 8, 2021
^Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved August 24, 2021
^Milensky, C.M.; Wilkinson, F.A.; Holland, A.P. (2009). "First record of Todd's Nightjar Caprimulgus heterurus in Guyana". Bull. B.O.C.129 (2): 119–120.
^Costa, T.V.V; Stotz, D.F.; Barbosa, K.V.C.; Silveira, L.F. (2016). "First records of Todd's Nightjar (Setopagis heterura) for Brazil". Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia (in Portuguese). 24 (3): 290–292.
Further reading
Cleere, Nigel (2010). Nightjars of the World. Vol. 9. WILDGuides. ISBN1-903657-07-5.
January 24, 2023
todd, nightjar, setopagis, heterura, species, nightjar, family, caprimulgidae, found, brazil, colombia, guyana, venezuela, conservation, statusleast, concern, iucn, scientific, classificationkingdom, animaliaphylum, chordataclass, avesorder, caprimulgiformesfa. Todd s nightjar Setopagis heterura is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae It is found in Brazil Colombia Guyana and Venezuela 2 3 Todd s nightjarConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder CaprimulgiformesFamily CaprimulgidaeGenus SetopagisSpecies S heteruraBinomial nameSetopagis heterura Todd 1915 SynonymsCaprimulgus parvulus heterurusCaprimulgus heterurusSetopagis heterurus Contents 1 Taxonomy and systematics 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behavior 4 1 Feeding 4 2 Breeding 4 3 Vocalization 5 Status 6 References 7 Further readingTaxonomy and systematics EditTodd s nightjar has at times been considered a subspecies of Anthony s nightjar Nyctidromus anthonyi and little nightjar Setopagis parvula but genetic plumage and vocal differences support its treatment as a species The alternative name Santa Marta nightjar after Colombia s Santa Marta Mountains was rejected because the species range is much larger It is monotypic 3 4 Description EditTodd s nightjar is 17 to 21 cm 6 7 to 8 3 in long The male is generally gray above with blackish and buff streaks and spots It has a narrow cinnamon collar on the hindneck a white throat and a dark brown breast with fine bars and spots In flight the wing shows white patches on both top and bottom All the tail feathers except the innermost ones have conspicuous white tips The female has a duskier crown a buffy throat and no white in the tail The tail of both sexes is shorter than that of other sympatric nightjars 3 Distribution and habitat EditTodd s nightjar is mostly found in northeastern Colombia and north and central Venezuela There are a single record from Guyana and two in far northern Brazil 3 5 6 Todd s nightjar inhabits a variety of landscapes including the edges of deciduous and semi deciduous woodland gallery forest open woodland and suburban parks It appears to favor slightly hilly terrain In elevation it ranges from sea level to 1 000 m 3 300 ft in Venezuela but is usually found lower in Colombia 3 Behavior EditFeeding Edit Todd s nightjar forages by sallying from the ground or a low perch Its diet has not been studied in detail but is known to be mostly if not entirely insects 3 Breeding Edit The breeding season or seasons of Todd s nightjar has not been defined though it appears to differ across its range They lay their two egg clutch directly on the ground usually under a bush 3 Vocalization Edit Todd s nightjar s song is an evenly pitched pik you gobble gobble gobble sung from the ground or a low perch Its other calls if any are unknown 3 Status EditThe IUCN has assessed Todd s nightjar as being of Least Concern It has a fairly large range and though its population is unknown it is believed to be stable It appears to be rare in Colombia and uncommon to locally fairly common in Venezuela It occurs in some protected areas 1 3 References Edit a b BirdLife International 2016 Todd s Nightjar Setopagis heterurus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 Retrieved 8 October 2021 Gill F Donsker D Rasmussen P July 2021 IOC World Bird List v 11 2 Retrieved July 14 2021 a b c d e f g h i del Hoyo J N Collar G M Kirwan and C J Sharpe 2020 Todd s Nightjar Setopagis heterura version 1 0 In Birds of the World J del Hoyo A Elliott J Sargatal D A Christie and E de Juana Editors Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca NY USA https doi org 10 2173 bow samnig1 01 retrieved October 8 2021 Remsen J V Jr J I Areta E Bonaccorso S Claramunt A Jaramillo D F Lane J F Pacheco M B Robbins F G Stiles and K J Zimmer Version 24 August 2021 A classification of the bird species of South America American Ornithological Society https www museum lsu edu Remsen SACCBaseline htm retrieved August 24 2021 Milensky C M Wilkinson F A Holland A P 2009 First record of Todd s Nightjar Caprimulgus heterurus in Guyana Bull B O C 129 2 119 120 Costa T V V Stotz D F Barbosa K V C Silveira L F 2016 First records of Todd s Nightjar Setopagis heterura for Brazil Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia in Portuguese 24 3 290 292 Further reading EditCleere Nigel 2010 Nightjars of the World Vol 9 WILDGuides ISBN 1 903657 07 5 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Todd 27s nightjar amp oldid 1120267520, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
