The Toa-kai (東亜会, Tōa-kai) is a yakuza syndicate based in Tokyo with a predominantly Zainichi Korean membership. Originally named the Tosei-kai (東声会, Tōsei-kai, "Voice of the East Gang"[1]), with its historic leader Hisayuki Machii, the Toa-kai was deeply involved in the history of Tokyo's South Korean community and Japan's anti-communist circles in the 20th century.
The Tosei-kai quickly became one of Tokyo's most powerful gangs,[1] and had significantly expanded during the time of the post-war economic growth. Membership reached 1,500 in the 1960s.[2] As the leader of the syndicate, Machii became an essential "fixer" between Japan and South Korea.[4]
Increasing police crackdowns by 1965 forced Machii to disband the Tosei-kai and establish a new gang, the Toa Yuai Jigyo Kumiai (東亜友愛事業組合, Tōa Yūai Jigyō Kumiai), or "East Asia Friendship Enterprise Association". He also formed a "legitimate" company called the Toa Sogo Kigyo (東亜相互企業, Tōa Sōgo Kigyō), or East Asia Enterprises Company, and named power-broker Yoshio Kodama as chairman of the board.[5] Afterwards, the Toa Yuai Jigyo Kumiai changed the name as Toa Yuai (東亜友愛, Tōa Yūai) and Toa-kai.
The founder Machii retired in the 1980s,[4] and died of heart failure on September 14, 2002, in Tokyo. Also known as a successful businessman, he was 79.[6]
Condition
The Toa-kai is a member of a bakuto fraternal federation named the Kanto Hatsuka-kai, along with four other Kanto-based yakuza syndicates, the Sumiyoshi-kai, the Inagawa-kai, the Matsuba-kai, and the Soai-kai.[7] The Toa-kai has aligned itself with the largest known Yamaguchi-gumi syndicate since the syndicate's Taoka era in the 20th century,[2] and has been closely supported by Shinobu Tsukasa, the sixth-generation godfather of the Yamaguchi-gumi, since 2005 when the sixth era of the Yamaguchi-gumi officially started.[7]
The Toa-kai once took control of Ginza, a large district in Tokyo.[1] It still houses the group's headquarters.
Territories
The Toa-kai has its headquarters in Ginza, Tokyo ever since its formation.[8] The Toa-kai has its five branch organizations in Tokyo, and one branch organization outside of Tokyo.[9]
Okinawa
The Toa-kai's notable branch organizations include the Yoshimi-kogyo (誼興業).[10] The Yoshimi-kogyo is the Toa-kai's only branch organization based outside of Tokyo.[9] Based on the Okinawa island, the Yoshimi-kogyo is one of the three major yakuza groups in the Okinawa region, along with the Kyokuryu-kai and the Okinawa Kyokuryu-kai.[11]
The origin of the Yoshimi-kogyo reportedly traces back to the late 20th century, when Toshio Gibo, an ethnic Okinawan mobster, formed an anti-left nationalist organization named the Makoto-kai in Okinawa under influence of Yoshio Kodama. Gibo met with Machii through Kodama, founding an affiliate of the Tosei-kai in Okinawa.[3]
Okinawa's underworld has been known for its exclusiveness since the 20th century, where the dominating Kyokuryu-kai has persistently attacked and violently expelled any yakuza syndicate attempting to enter the island. The reason why the Toa-kai has been able to be active on the island may be because the group has historically been more oriented to legitimate businesses, and of its gentle stance, in contrast to other yakuza syndicates which have attempted to expand their influences into Okinawa with heavy violence, such as the Yamaguchi-gumi and especially the Dojin-kai. For example, in 2002 in Okinawa, only one Yoshimi member was arrested, while 56 Kyokuryu-kai members and 95 Okinawa Kyokuryu-kai members were arrested.[12]
Leadership
The founding leader, Machii, featured on the cover of a biographical book after his death
^ abcde"Overview of a 'heretic' of post-war history", April 2009, The Facta Magazine(in Japanese)
^ ab"Review : The Man Called the Wild Bull : 'Tosei-kai' Hisayuki Machii's Post-war History" 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, March 2009, Shin'ichi Sano, Shinchosha(in Japanese)
^ ab"The Yamaguchi-gumi Bakuhu theory", Kenji Ino, 17 December 2007 (in Japanese)
^"The Man Called the Wild Bull : 'Tosei-kai' Hisayuki Machii's Post-war History" 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, 18 February 2009, Yasunobu Shirouchi, ISBN978-4-10-313731-3(in Japanese)
^"Boryokudan condition in the prefecture" 2012-06-19 at the Wayback Machine, October 2007, Okinawa Prefectural Conference for the Expulsion of the Boryokudan(in Japanese)
^. ryukyushimpo.jp. Archived from the original on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
January 14, 2023
東亜会, tōa, yakuza, syndicate, based, tokyo, with, predominantly, zainichi, korean, membership, originally, named, tosei, 東声会, tōsei, voice, east, gang, with, historic, leader, hisayuki, machii, deeply, involved, history, tokyo, south, korean, community, japan, . The Toa kai 東亜会 Tōa kai is a yakuza syndicate based in Tokyo with a predominantly Zainichi Korean membership Originally named the Tosei kai 東声会 Tōsei kai Voice of the East Gang 1 with its historic leader Hisayuki Machii the Toa kai was deeply involved in the history of Tokyo s South Korean community and Japan s anti communist circles in the 20th century Toa kaiThe daimon of the Toa kaiFounded1948Founded byHisayuki MachiiFounding locationGinza Tokyo JapanYears active1948 presentEthnicityZainichi Koreans Japanese Contents 1 History 2 Condition 2 1 Territories 2 1 1 Okinawa 3 Leadership 4 ReferencesHistory EditThe group was formed by Hisayuki Machii a Zainichi Korean mob boss 2 as the Tosei kai in 1948 1 The Tosei kai was originally a reported far right organization of anti communist activism 2 led by Machii as a sympathizer of Kanji Ishiwara 3 which was in conflict with the North Korea associated General Association of Korean Residents in Japan 2 The Tosei kai quickly became one of Tokyo s most powerful gangs 1 and had significantly expanded during the time of the post war economic growth Membership reached 1 500 in the 1960s 2 As the leader of the syndicate Machii became an essential fixer between Japan and South Korea 4 Increasing police crackdowns by 1965 forced Machii to disband the Tosei kai and establish a new gang the Toa Yuai Jigyo Kumiai 東亜友愛事業組合 Tōa Yuai Jigyō Kumiai or East Asia Friendship Enterprise Association He also formed a legitimate company called the Toa Sogo Kigyo 東亜相互企業 Tōa Sōgo Kigyō or East Asia Enterprises Company and named power broker Yoshio Kodama as chairman of the board 5 Afterwards the Toa Yuai Jigyo Kumiai changed the name as Toa Yuai 東亜友愛 Tōa Yuai and Toa kai The founder Machii retired in the 1980s 4 and died of heart failure on September 14 2002 in Tokyo Also known as a successful businessman he was 79 6 Condition EditThe Toa kai is a member of a bakuto fraternal federation named the Kanto Hatsuka kai along with four other Kanto based yakuza syndicates the Sumiyoshi kai the Inagawa kai the Matsuba kai and the Soai kai 7 The Toa kai has aligned itself with the largest known Yamaguchi gumi syndicate since the syndicate s Taoka era in the 20th century 2 and has been closely supported by Shinobu Tsukasa the sixth generation godfather of the Yamaguchi gumi since 2005 when the sixth era of the Yamaguchi gumi officially started 7 The Toa kai once took control of Ginza a large district in Tokyo 1 It still houses the group s headquarters Territories Edit The Toa kai has its headquarters in Ginza Tokyo ever since its formation 8 The Toa kai has its five branch organizations in Tokyo and one branch organization outside of Tokyo 9 Okinawa Edit The Toa kai s notable branch organizations include the Yoshimi kogyo 誼興業 10 The Yoshimi kogyo is the Toa kai s only branch organization based outside of Tokyo 9 Based on the Okinawa island the Yoshimi kogyo is one of the three major yakuza groups in the Okinawa region along with the Kyokuryu kai and the Okinawa Kyokuryu kai 11 The origin of the Yoshimi kogyo reportedly traces back to the late 20th century when Toshio Gibo an ethnic Okinawan mobster formed an anti left nationalist organization named the Makoto kai in Okinawa under influence of Yoshio Kodama Gibo met with Machii through Kodama founding an affiliate of the Tosei kai in Okinawa 3 Okinawa s underworld has been known for its exclusiveness since the 20th century where the dominating Kyokuryu kai has persistently attacked and violently expelled any yakuza syndicate attempting to enter the island The reason why the Toa kai has been able to be active on the island may be because the group has historically been more oriented to legitimate businesses and of its gentle stance in contrast to other yakuza syndicates which have attempted to expand their influences into Okinawa with heavy violence such as the Yamaguchi gumi and especially the Dojin kai For example in 2002 in Okinawa only one Yoshimi member was arrested while 56 Kyokuryu kai members and 95 Okinawa Kyokuryu kai members were arrested 12 Leadership Edit The founding leader Machii featured on the cover of a biographical book after his death Tosei kai eraPresident Hisayuki Machii dd Toa Yuai Jigyo Kumiai era1st president Fujimatsu Hirano 2nd president Morihiro Okita dd Toa Yuai eraPresident Shohei Futamura dd Toa kai era1st president Shohei Futamura 2nd president Yoshio Kaneumi dd References Edit a b c d Yakuza Japan s criminal underworld p 228 2003 David E Kaplan and Alec Dubro ISBN 0 520 21562 1 a b c d e Overview of a heretic of post war history April 2009 The Facta Magazine in Japanese a b Review The Man Called the Wild Bull Tosei kai Hisayuki Machii s Post war History Archived 2011 09 27 at the Wayback Machine March 2009 Shin ichi Sano Shinchosha in Japanese a b Hisayuki Machii Top 10 Real Life Mob Bosses 20 January 2011 TIME Yakuza Japan s criminal underworld p 229 2003 David E Kaplan and Alec Dubro ISBN 0 520 21562 1 Mr Hisayuki Machii passes away 21 September 2002 47 News Kyodo in Japanese a b The Yamaguchi gumi Bakuhu theory Kenji Ino 17 December 2007 in Japanese The Man Called the Wild Bull Tosei kai Hisayuki Machii s Post war History Archived 2011 09 27 at the Wayback Machine 18 February 2009 Yasunobu Shirouchi ISBN 978 4 10 313731 3 in Japanese a b Toa kai Yakuza Wiki in Japanese Boryokudan Expulsion Manual Archived 2011 12 28 at the Wayback Machine July 2011 Okinawa Prefectural Police in Japanese Boryokudan condition in the prefecture Archived 2012 06 19 at the Wayback Machine October 2007 Okinawa Prefectural Conference for the Expulsion of the Boryokudan in Japanese 中止命令24件に 暴対法以来2番目 琉球新報 沖縄の新聞 地域のニュース ryukyushimpo jp Archived from the original on 19 March 2012 Retrieved 17 January 2022 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Toa kai amp oldid 1105502514, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
