The President's Committee on Civil Rights was a United States presidential commission established by PresidentHarry Truman in 1946. The committee was created by Executive Order 9808 on December 5, 1946, and instructed to investigate the status of civil rights in the country and propose measures to strengthen and protect them.[1][2] The committee submitted the report of its findings, entitled To Secure These Rights, to President Truman in December 1947,[3] and Truman proposed comprehensive civil rights legislation to Congress, and ordered antidiscrimination and desegregation throughout the government and armed forces.
The committee was charged with examining the condition of civil rights in the United States, producing a written report of their findings, and submitting recommendations on improving civil rights in the United States. In December 1947, the committee produced a 178-page report entitled To Secure These Rights: The Report of the President’s Committee on Civil Rights. In the report, it proposed to establish a permanent Civil Rights Commission, Joint Congressional Committee on Civil Rights, and a Civil Rights Division in the Department of Justice; to develop federal protection from lynching; a permanent fair employment practice commission; to abolish poll taxes; and urged other measures.[4] Furthermore, the report raised the distinct possibility that the UN Charter from 1945 could also be used as a source of law to fight persistent racial discrimination in the US.[5]
On July 26, 1948, President Truman advanced the recommendations of the report by signing Executive Order 9980 and Executive Order 9981. Executive Order 9980 ordered the desegregation of the federal work force and Executive Order 9981 ordered the desegregation of the armed services[1]. He also sent a special message to Congress on February 2, 1948, to implement the recommendations of the President's Committee on Civil Rights.[6]
The President's Committee on Civil Rights report also paved way for African-American diplomats to break into previously white-dominated positions. Under President Truman, Edward R. Dudley would become the first African American given an ambassadorship, in part due to the findings of race-relations from the committee. However, these moves were largely done due to a harming of foreign relations due to the United States' race problem. Even with the committee's findings, President Truman had trouble acting on his own research, due to domestic backlash.[7]
President's Committee on Civil Rights. To Secure These Rights: The Report of the President's Committee on Civil Rights. Washington: GPO, 1947.
See alsoedit
Executive Order 8802, signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on July 25, 1941, to prohibit ethnic or racial discrimination in the nation's defense industry
^"Executive Orders Disposition Tables". National Archives. 2016-08-15. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
^"Executive Order 9808—Establishing the President's Committee on Civil Rights | The American Presidency Project". www.presidency.ucsb.edu. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
^"Records of the President's Committee on Civil Rights Record Group 220 | Harry S. Truman". www.trumanlibrary.gov. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
^President's Committee on Civil Rights. To Secure These Rights (2004).
^Christopher N.J.Roberts. "William H. Fitzpatrick's Editorials on Human Rights (1949)". Quellen zur Geschichte der Menschenrechte. Retrieved November 4, 2017.
^"Special Message to the Congress on Civil Rights, Public Papers of the Presidents, Harry S. Truman, 1945-1953" on February 2, 1948, from the Truman Presidential Museum & Library, retrieved January 21, 2006
^Krenn, Michael. The History of United States Cultural Diplomacy, 1770 to Present Day. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2017.
^"Agency History, Records of the President's Committee on Civil Rights Record Group 220" from the Truman Presidential Museum & Library, retrieved January 23, 2006
Notesedit
^ "Executive Order 9980, Regulations Governing Fair Employment Practices Within the Federal Establishment," and "Executive Order 9981, Establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, Harry S Truman" from Federal Register, retrieved January 23, 2006. For more details on the desegregation of the armed forces see, "Truman Library: Desegregation of the Armed Forces Online Research File" from the Truman Presidential Museum & Library, retrieved May 4, 2010.
Further readingedit
Berman, William C. (1970). The Politics of Civil Rights in the Truman Administration. Ohio State University Press. ISBN9780814201428.
Gardner, Michael R. (2002). Harry Truman and Civil Rights: Moral Courage and Political Risks. Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN9780809388967.
Hamby, Alonzo L. (1973). Beyond the New Deal: Harry S. Truman and American Liberalism. Columbia University Press. ISBN9780231083447.
McCoy, Donald R.; Ruetten, Richard T. (1973). Quest and Response: Minority Rights and the Truman Administration. University Press of Kansas. ISBN9780700600991.
Vaughan, Philip H. (1976). The Truman Administration's Legacy for Black America. Mojave Books. ISBN9780878810475.
External linksedit
To Secure These Rights: The Report of the President’s Committee on Civil Rights Full text of document available from the Truman Presidential Museum & Library
Christopher N.J. Roberts: William H. Fitzpatrick’s Editorials on Human Rights (1949), published by Arbeitskreis Menschenrechte im 20. Jahrhundert, published at "Quellen zur Geschichte der Menschenrechte"
January 01, 1970
president, committee, civil, rights, united, states, presidential, commission, established, president, harry, truman, 1946, committee, created, executive, order, 9808, december, 1946, instructed, investigate, status, civil, rights, country, propose, measures, . The President s Committee on Civil Rights was a United States presidential commission established by President Harry Truman in 1946 The committee was created by Executive Order 9808 on December 5 1946 and instructed to investigate the status of civil rights in the country and propose measures to strengthen and protect them 1 2 The committee submitted the report of its findings entitled To Secure These Rights to President Truman in December 1947 3 and Truman proposed comprehensive civil rights legislation to Congress and ordered antidiscrimination and desegregation throughout the government and armed forces President s Committee on Civil RightsHistoryEstablished byHarry Truman on December 5 1946DisbandedDecember 1947Related Executive Order number s 9808 9980 9981MembershipChairpersonCharles Edward WilsonOther committee membersSadie T Alexander James B Carey John Sloan Dickey Morris Ernst Roland B Gittelsohn Frank Porter Graham Francis J Haas Charles Luckman Francis P Matthews Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr Henry Knox Sherrill Boris Shishkin Dorothy Rogers Tilly Channing Heggie TobiasJurisdictionPurposeInvestigate the status of civil rights in the country and propose measures to strengthen and protect themPolicy areasCivil rightsSummaryEstablish a permanent Civil Rights Commission Joint Congressional Committee on Civil Rights and a Civil Rights Division in the Department of Justice Develop federal protection from lynching Establish a permanent fair employment practice commission Abolish poll taxes Other measures Contents 1 History 2 Membership 3 Publication 4 See also 5 References 5 1 Notes 6 Further reading 7 External linksHistory editThe committee was charged with examining the condition of civil rights in the United States producing a written report of their findings and submitting recommendations on improving civil rights in the United States In December 1947 the committee produced a 178 page report entitled To Secure These Rights The Report of the President s Committee on Civil Rights In the report it proposed to establish a permanent Civil Rights Commission Joint Congressional Committee on Civil Rights and a Civil Rights Division in the Department of Justice to develop federal protection from lynching a permanent fair employment practice commission to abolish poll taxes and urged other measures 4 Furthermore the report raised the distinct possibility that the UN Charter from 1945 could also be used as a source of law to fight persistent racial discrimination in the US 5 On July 26 1948 President Truman advanced the recommendations of the report by signing Executive Order 9980 and Executive Order 9981 Executive Order 9980 ordered the desegregation of the federal work force and Executive Order 9981 ordered the desegregation of the armed services 1 He also sent a special message to Congress on February 2 1948 to implement the recommendations of the President s Committee on Civil Rights 6 The President s Committee on Civil Rights report also paved way for African American diplomats to break into previously white dominated positions Under President Truman Edward R Dudley would become the first African American given an ambassadorship in part due to the findings of race relations from the committee However these moves were largely done due to a harming of foreign relations due to the United States race problem Even with the committee s findings President Truman had trouble acting on his own research due to domestic backlash 7 Membership editThe committee was composed of 15 members 8 Charles Edward Wilson Chairman Sadie T Alexander James B Carey John Sloan Dickey Morris Ernst Roland B Gittelsohn Frank Porter Graham Francis J Haas Charles Luckman Francis P Matthews Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr Henry Knox Sherrill Boris Shishkin Dorothy Rogers Tilly Channing Heggie TobiasPublication editPresident s Committee on Civil Rights To Secure These Rights The Report of the President s Committee on Civil Rights Washington GPO 1947 See also editExecutive Order 8802 signed by President Franklin D Roosevelt on July 25 1941 to prohibit ethnic or racial discrimination in the nation s defense industry National Emergency Committee Against Mob Violence Portal nbsp Civil Rights MovementReferences edit Executive Orders Disposition Tables National Archives 2016 08 15 Retrieved 2021 02 03 Executive Order 9808 Establishing the President s Committee on Civil Rights The American Presidency Project www presidency ucsb edu Retrieved 2021 02 03 Records of the President s Committee on Civil Rights Record Group 220 Harry S Truman www trumanlibrary gov Retrieved 2021 02 03 President s Committee on Civil Rights To Secure These Rights 2004 Christopher N J Roberts William H Fitzpatrick s Editorials on Human Rights 1949 Quellen zur Geschichte der Menschenrechte Retrieved November 4 2017 Special Message to the Congress on Civil Rights Public Papers of the Presidents Harry S Truman 1945 1953 on February 2 1948 from the Truman Presidential Museum amp Library retrieved January 21 2006 Krenn Michael The History of United States Cultural Diplomacy 1770 to Present Day New York Bloomsbury Academic 2017 Agency History Records of the President s Committee on Civil Rights Record Group 220 from the Truman Presidential Museum amp Library retrieved January 23 2006 Notes edit Executive Order 9980 Regulations Governing Fair Employment Practices Within the Federal Establishment and Executive Order 9981 Establishing the President s Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services Harry S Truman from Federal Register retrieved January 23 2006 For more details on the desegregation of the armed forces see Truman Library Desegregation of the Armed Forces Online Research File from the Truman Presidential Museum amp Library retrieved May 4 2010 Further reading editBerman William C 1970 The Politics of Civil Rights in the Truman Administration Ohio State University Press ISBN 9780814201428 Gardner Michael R 2002 Harry Truman and Civil Rights Moral Courage and Political Risks Southern Illinois University Press ISBN 9780809388967 Hamby Alonzo L 1973 Beyond the New Deal Harry S Truman and American Liberalism Columbia University Press ISBN 9780231083447 McCoy Donald R Ruetten Richard T 1973 Quest and Response Minority Rights and the Truman Administration University Press of Kansas ISBN 9780700600991 Vaughan Philip H 1976 The Truman Administration s Legacy for Black America Mojave Books ISBN 9780878810475 External links editTo Secure These Rights The Report of the President s Committee on Civil Rights Full text of document available from the Truman Presidential Museum amp Library Christopher N J Roberts William H Fitzpatrick s Editorials on Human Rights 1949 published by Arbeitskreis Menschenrechte im 20 Jahrhundert published at Quellen zur Geschichte der Menschenrechte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title President 27s Committee on Civil Rights amp oldid 1209875067, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
