Thrombopoiesis is the formation of thrombocytes (blood platelets) in the bone marrow. Thrombopoietin is the main regulator of thrombopoiesis. Thrombopoietin affects most aspects of the production of platelets. This includes self-renewal and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells, stimulating the increase of megakaryocyte progenitor cells, and supporting these cells so they mature to become platelet-producing cells.[2] The process of Thrombopoiesis is caused by the breakdown of proplatelets (mature megakaryocyte membrane pseudopodial projections). During the process almost all of the membranes, organelles, granules, and soluble macromolecules in the cytoplasm are being consumed. Apoptosis also plays a role in the final stages of thrombopoiesis by letting proplatelet processes to occur from the cytoskeleton of actin.[3]
Platelets are formed by megakaryocytes and are present in the bloodstream for 5–7 days. Platelets are regulators of hemostasis and thrombosis. Platelets become active in the blood following vascular injury. Vascular injury causes platelets to stick to the cellular matrix that is exposed under the endothelium, form a platelet plug, and then form a thrombus. Platelets are essential in the formation of an occlusive thrombus and are the main target of preventing the formation of an arterial thrombus. Platelets are also important in innate immunity and regulating tumor growth and vessel leakage.[4]
Megakaryocytesedit
The megakaryoblast is a platelet precursor that undergoes endomitosis to form megakaryocytes that have 8 to 64 nuclei. Megakaryocytes shed platelets into the bloodstream. β1-tubulin microtubules, which are found in megakaryocytes, facilitate this process of shedding platelets into the bloodstream.[5] Megakaryocytes are precursor cells that are highly specialized. Megakaryocytes give rise to 1,000 to 3,000 platelets. Megakaryocytes function in the process of Thrombopoiesis by producing platelets and releasing platelets into the bloodstream.[6] Megakaryocyte development is regulated mainly by thrombopoietin. IL-3, IL-6, and IL-11 also play a role in the development of megakaryocytes by working closely with thrombopoietin.[7]
Thrombopoietinedit
Thrombopoietin is the main regulator in the process of thrombopoiesis. In the liver and renal tubular epithelial cells, thrombopoietin is constantly being produced. Platelets and platelet precursors clear and destroy the thrombopoietin that is produced so the concentration of plasma thrombopoietin levels and platelet and platelet precursor mass are inversely proportional. If there is less platelet mass present, less thrombopoietin is cleared, which causes an increase in free plasma thrombopoietin that stimulates thrombopoiesis.[5]
Referencesedit
^Betts JG, Young KA, Wise JA, Johnson E, Poe B, Kruse DH, Korol O, Johnson JE, Womble M, DeSaix P. "Ch. 1 Introduction - Anatomy and Physiology". OpenStax. Retrieved 2020-11-12. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
^Kaushansky K (December 2005). "The molecular mechanisms that control thrombopoiesis". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 115 (12): 3339–47. doi:10.1172/JCI26674. PMC1297257. PMID 16322778.
^Kaushansky K (February 2008). "Historical review: megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis". Blood. 111 (3): 981–6. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-05-088500. PMC2214745. PMID 18223171.
^Holinstat M (June 2017). "Normal platelet function". Cancer and Metastasis Reviews. 36 (2): 195–198. doi:10.1007/s10555-017-9677-x. PMC5709181. PMID 28667366.
^ abBoes KM, Durham AC (February 2017). "Bone Marrow, Blood Cells, and the Lymphoid/Lymphatic System.". Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease. pp. 724–804.e2. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-35775-3.00013-8. ISBN9780323357753. PMC7158316.
^Italiano JE, Shivdasani RA (June 2003). "Megakaryocytes and beyond: the birth of platelets". Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 1 (6): 1174–82. doi:10.1046/j.1538-7836.2003.00290.x. PMID 12871316.
April 12, 2024
thrombopoiesis, formation, thrombocytes, blood, platelets, bone, marrow, thrombopoietin, main, regulator, thrombopoiesis, thrombopoietin, affects, most, aspects, production, platelets, this, includes, self, renewal, expansion, hematopoietic, stem, cells, stimu. Thrombopoiesis is the formation of thrombocytes blood platelets in the bone marrow Thrombopoietin is the main regulator of thrombopoiesis Thrombopoietin affects most aspects of the production of platelets This includes self renewal and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells stimulating the increase of megakaryocyte progenitor cells and supporting these cells so they mature to become platelet producing cells 2 The process of Thrombopoiesis is caused by the breakdown of proplatelets mature megakaryocyte membrane pseudopodial projections During the process almost all of the membranes organelles granules and soluble macromolecules in the cytoplasm are being consumed Apoptosis also plays a role in the final stages of thrombopoiesis by letting proplatelet processes to occur from the cytoskeleton of actin 3 1 Contents 1 Platelets 2 Megakaryocytes 3 Thrombopoietin 4 ReferencesPlatelets editPlatelets are formed by megakaryocytes and are present in the bloodstream for 5 7 days Platelets are regulators of hemostasis and thrombosis Platelets become active in the blood following vascular injury Vascular injury causes platelets to stick to the cellular matrix that is exposed under the endothelium form a platelet plug and then form a thrombus Platelets are essential in the formation of an occlusive thrombus and are the main target of preventing the formation of an arterial thrombus Platelets are also important in innate immunity and regulating tumor growth and vessel leakage 4 Megakaryocytes editThe megakaryoblast is a platelet precursor that undergoes endomitosis to form megakaryocytes that have 8 to 64 nuclei Megakaryocytes shed platelets into the bloodstream b1 tubulin microtubules which are found in megakaryocytes facilitate this process of shedding platelets into the bloodstream 5 Megakaryocytes are precursor cells that are highly specialized Megakaryocytes give rise to 1 000 to 3 000 platelets Megakaryocytes function in the process of Thrombopoiesis by producing platelets and releasing platelets into the bloodstream 6 Megakaryocyte development is regulated mainly by thrombopoietin IL 3 IL 6 and IL 11 also play a role in the development of megakaryocytes by working closely with thrombopoietin 7 Thrombopoietin editThrombopoietin is the main regulator in the process of thrombopoiesis In the liver and renal tubular epithelial cells thrombopoietin is constantly being produced Platelets and platelet precursors clear and destroy the thrombopoietin that is produced so the concentration of plasma thrombopoietin levels and platelet and platelet precursor mass are inversely proportional If there is less platelet mass present less thrombopoietin is cleared which causes an increase in free plasma thrombopoietin that stimulates thrombopoiesis 5 References edit Betts JG Young KA Wise JA Johnson E Poe B Kruse DH Korol O Johnson JE Womble M DeSaix P Ch 1 Introduction Anatomy and Physiology OpenStax Retrieved 2020 11 12 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a website ignored help Kaushansky K December 2005 The molecular mechanisms that control thrombopoiesis The Journal of Clinical Investigation 115 12 3339 47 doi 10 1172 JCI26674 PMC 1297257 PMID 16322778 Kaushansky K February 2008 Historical review megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis Blood 111 3 981 6 doi 10 1182 blood 2007 05 088500 PMC 2214745 PMID 18223171 Holinstat M June 2017 Normal platelet function Cancer and Metastasis Reviews 36 2 195 198 doi 10 1007 s10555 017 9677 x PMC 5709181 PMID 28667366 a b Boes KM Durham AC February 2017 Bone Marrow Blood Cells and the Lymphoid Lymphatic System Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease pp 724 804 e2 doi 10 1016 B978 0 323 35775 3 00013 8 ISBN 9780323357753 PMC 7158316 Kaushansky K February 2008 Historical review megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis Blood 111 3 3 ed Elsevier Inc 981 6 doi 10 1182 blood 2007 05 088500 PMC 2214745 PMID 18223171 Italiano JE Shivdasani RA June 2003 Megakaryocytes and beyond the birth of platelets Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 1 6 1174 82 doi 10 1046 j 1538 7836 2003 00290 x PMID 12871316 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Thrombopoiesis amp oldid 1183829695, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
