Theophilus Gates was born in 1787 in Hartland, Connecticut. As a young man, he left town to travel, teach, and eventually preach. By 1810, he had settled in Philadelphia and he began to publish religious tracts and pamphlets. He became acquainted with Lorenzo Dow, the itinerant preacher, and John Humphrey Noyes, the future founder of the Oneida Community.[1]
In 1837, Gates began to develop and publicize his religious philosophy by publishing and selling the broadside "Battle-Axe and Weapons of War".[4] It opens with a quotation from the Book of Jeremiah (51:20): "Thou art my battle-axe and weapons of war; for thee will I break in pieces the nations; and with thee will I destroy kingdoms." He wrote "The truths of the Battle Axe are from the Lord and those that have opposed them will have to bear their own shame." Gates railed against Sunday blue laws, organized religion, clergymen, and marriage. While Gates was married, he described marriage as "man and wife, so called, living in strife and disagreement" and believed this institution would fade away.[5]
Gates believed that the coming of Christ changed the very nature of human love.[6] He believed that "falling in love" was "an enchantment of the devil".[7] Gates instead advocated a "free intercourse between sexes" instead of monogamy. His free-love ideal emphasized kindness, generosity and tenderness for the loved one.[6]
Along with Hannah Williamson, a self-declared prophet, Gates established a small community for himself and his followers in East Coventry Township, Pennsylvania. The area became known as Free Love Valley due to two of the more controversial tenets of his sect: nudism and polyamory.[5][2]
Gates died in 1846 and was succeeded by Williamson. An unsolved murder within the community ultimately led to its breakup: one of the members, Hannah Shingle, was murdered in her own home with her own axe. The sect dissolved and Williamson left the area in 1857.[2]
Selected worksedit
Gates, Theophilus (1810). The Trials, Experience, Exercises of Mind, and First Travels, of Theophilus R. Gates. Poughkeepsie.
Gates, Theophilus (1811). Truth, or the Religious Sentiments of Theophilus R. Gates.
Gates, Theophilus (1812). Truth Advocated. Poughkeepsie.
Gates, Theophilus (1813). Remarks upon the Goodness and Severity of God. Philadelphia.
Gates, Theophilus (1814). A View of the Last Dispensation of Light that will be in the World. Philadelphia.
Gates, Theophilus (1815). A Measuring Reed, to separate between The Precious and the Vile. Philadelphia.
Gates, Theophilus (1837). Battle Axe and Weapons of War. Philadelphia.
Referencesedit
^ abSellers, Charles (1930). Theophilus the Battle-Axe. Philadelphia: Press of Patterson & White Co.
^ abcHostutler, Mark (September 27, 2019). "Area of North Coventry Got Its Unusual Name from This Rebellious Religious Sect That Lived There". Vista.Today. Chester County, PA. Retrieved June 27, 2021.
^"Free Love Valley: Communal living a product of early America". The Pottstown Mercury. Pottstown. June 30, 1976. p. 60. Retrieved June 28, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
^ abFederal Writers' Project (October 31, 2013). The WPA Guide to Pennsylvania: The Keystone State. Trinity University Press. pp. 430–431. ISBN978-1-59534-236-2.
^ abKern, L. J. (September 1991). "Stamping Out the "Brutality of the He": Sexual Ideology and the Masculine Ideal in the Literature of Victorian Sex Radicals". American Transcendental Quarterly. 5 (3): 225. ProQuest 1302568130. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
^Snyder, Michael (January 4, 2009). "The Battle Axes of Free Love Valley". The Pottstown Mercury. Pennsylvania.
January 01, 1970
theophilus, gates, theophilus, ransom, gates, january, 1787, october, 1846, american, religious, leader, founded, sect, known, battle, axes, free, love, perfectionist, christian, sect, near, pottstown, pennsylvania, born, 1787, january, 1787hartland, connectic. Theophilus Ransom Gates January 12 1787 October 30 1846 was an American religious leader who founded a sect known as the Battle Axes a free love perfectionist Christian sect near Pottstown Pennsylvania 1 2 3 Theophilus GatesBorn 1787 01 12 January 12 1787Hartland Connecticut U S DiedOctober 30 1846 1846 10 30 aged 59 Burial placeOak Grove Cemetery Parker Ford Pennsylvania U S OccupationReligious leaderKnown forFounder of the Battle Axes sectBiography editTheophilus Gates was born in 1787 in Hartland Connecticut As a young man he left town to travel teach and eventually preach By 1810 he had settled in Philadelphia and he began to publish religious tracts and pamphlets He became acquainted with Lorenzo Dow the itinerant preacher and John Humphrey Noyes the future founder of the Oneida Community 1 In 1837 Gates began to develop and publicize his religious philosophy by publishing and selling the broadside Battle Axe and Weapons of War 4 It opens with a quotation from the Book of Jeremiah 51 20 Thou art my battle axe and weapons of war for thee will I break in pieces the nations and with thee will I destroy kingdoms He wrote The truths of the Battle Axe are from the Lord and those that have opposed them will have to bear their own shame Gates railed against Sunday blue laws organized religion clergymen and marriage While Gates was married he described marriage as man and wife so called living in strife and disagreement and believed this institution would fade away 5 Gates believed that the coming of Christ changed the very nature of human love 6 He believed that falling in love was an enchantment of the devil 7 Gates instead advocated a free intercourse between sexes instead of monogamy His free love ideal emphasized kindness generosity and tenderness for the loved one 6 Along with Hannah Williamson a self declared prophet Gates established a small community for himself and his followers in East Coventry Township Pennsylvania The area became known as Free Love Valley due to two of the more controversial tenets of his sect nudism and polyamory 5 2 Gates died in 1846 and was succeeded by Williamson An unsolved murder within the community ultimately led to its breakup one of the members Hannah Shingle was murdered in her own home with her own axe The sect dissolved and Williamson left the area in 1857 2 Selected works editGates Theophilus 1810 The Trials Experience Exercises of Mind and First Travels of Theophilus R Gates Poughkeepsie Gates Theophilus 1811 Truth or the Religious Sentiments of Theophilus R Gates Gates Theophilus 1812 Truth Advocated Poughkeepsie Gates Theophilus 1813 Remarks upon the Goodness and Severity of God Philadelphia Gates Theophilus 1814 A View of the Last Dispensation of Light that will be in the World Philadelphia Gates Theophilus 1815 A Measuring Reed to separate between The Precious and the Vile Philadelphia Gates Theophilus 1837 Battle Axe and Weapons of War Philadelphia References edit a b Sellers Charles 1930 Theophilus the Battle Axe Philadelphia Press of Patterson amp White Co a b c Hostutler Mark September 27 2019 Area of North Coventry Got Its Unusual Name from This Rebellious Religious Sect That Lived There Vista Today Chester County PA Retrieved June 27 2021 Free Love Valley Communal living a product of early America The Pottstown Mercury Pottstown June 30 1976 p 60 Retrieved June 28 2021 via Newspapers com Gates Theophilus 1837 Battle Axe and Weapons of War Philadelphia a b Federal Writers Project October 31 2013 The WPA Guide to Pennsylvania The Keystone State Trinity University Press pp 430 431 ISBN 978 1 59534 236 2 a b Kern L J September 1991 Stamping Out the Brutality of the He Sexual Ideology and the Masculine Ideal in the Literature of Victorian Sex Radicals American Transcendental Quarterly 5 3 225 ProQuest 1302568130 Retrieved January 1 2021 Snyder Michael January 4 2009 The Battle Axes of Free Love Valley The Pottstown Mercury Pennsylvania Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Theophilus Gates amp oldid 1193420862, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
