The Plain is the parade field at the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. The flat terrain of the Plain is in contrast to the varied and hilly terrain of the remainder of the campus. The Plain rises approximately 150 feet (45 m) above the Hudson River and has been the site of the longest continually occupied U.S. Army garrison in America since 1778. In its early years, the entire academy was located on the Plain and it was used for varying activities ranging from drill and mounted cavalry maneuvers to an encampment site for summer training to a sports venue. Currently, the Plain refers to just the parade field where cadets perform ceremonial parades.
The Plain
The Plain at West Point as viewed from the balcony of Jefferson Library, with Eisenhower statue and Diagonal Walk in foreground.
The Plain in the early days of the academy comprised approximately 40 acres (16 ha) of relatively flat ground rising approximately 150 feet (46 m) above the Hudson River. It was not always the level and manicured parade ground that is seen today.[1]
Historyedit
The Plain in 1828. All structures in the painting are now gone and Wood's Monument is moved to the cemetery.[2]
Before the development of the modern academy, the term "The Plain" referred to the relatively flat geographic area that the current academy occupies. It included the area where Fort Clinton was constructed. The term now specifically applies to the parade field. The Connecticut militia that first occupied West Point on 27 January 1778 encamped there during that particularly harsh winter. That summer, construction began on Fort Arnold, later to be renamed Fort Clinton, which stood at the far eastern edge of the Plain and overlooked the sharp westerly turn in the Hudson River. The land was owned by a private citizen, a Mr. Stephen Moore of North Carolina. Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton authorized the army's purchase of the land for $11,085 in 1790.[3]
Football on the Plain, c1900. Execution Hollow is clearly visible just above the diagonal walkway in the mid-right of this picture. Battle Monument is on the back right side of it.
In the early days of the academy, the Plain was used for many purposes beyond its current use for ceremonial parades. From its earliest days until just after World War I, the Corps of Cadets spent their summers encamped on the Plain as part of their tactical field training.[4] Semi-permanent tents were erected, hard-floor planking, and furniture and books were moved out to the campsite as the Cadets moved out of the barracks for the summer. Cadets practiced military drill and cavalry maneuvers on the Plain's open areas.[5] However, after the superintendency of Douglas MacArthur from 1919 to 1922, summer camp was no longer held on the Plain. Before the construction of Michie Stadium, the Army football team played their home games upon the Plain. For the first 100 years of the academy, there was a large depression on the northern edge of the plain near trophy point. This area was known locally as Execution Hollow as reportedly military executions occurred there during the Revolutionary War period. The hollow remained until 1912, when it was filled in with soil excavated from the construction of Bartlett Hall.[6] The area now is a small grassy field between the Superintendent's review stands, Clinton Field, and Battle Monument on Trophy point. The field contains a small putting green used by the Department of Physical Education for golf instruction and a spruce tree planted in 2009 as a post Christmas tree.
Cavalry drill on the Plain, 1907 (Pershing Barracks in the upper left)
Summer camp on the Plain, 1907
Cadet tent during summer camp, 1905
1780 map showing Ft. Clinton on the western edge of the Plain
Circa 1915
c1896, only Pershing barracks (clock tower in center) remains
Usesedit
Artillery training, 1908Cadet review on the Plain
The Plain in present-day is used primarily for ceremonial parades, known at the academy as "reviews".[7] Because of the cold weather common at the academy, cadet reviews are usually held between April and November. Cadets also use the Plain for recreational activities or as a place to retreat from the barracks during the late spring or early fall. The general public is asked not to walk on the grass Plain. Visitors can access and view the Plain up-close from Diagonal Walk, a walkway which bisects the Plain running north–south from Eisenhower statue to MacArthur statue. The Plain is also the location of the Corps of Cadets' Tap Vigils when a member of the corps passes away. Shortly before 2330 hours, the entire corps assembles in silence on the large paved southern edge of the plain, known as the Apron. The traditional military hymn "Taps" is played, followed by a singing of the "Alma Mater" by the corps, followed by the playing of "Amazing Grace" by the Pipes and Drums. The cadets then disperse in silence back to their rooms.[8]
Monumentsedit
The periphery of the Plain is home to several monuments to past American military leaders. A horse-mounted George Washington is depicted atop Washington Monument on the western edge looking out over the Plain. World War IIGenerals of the Army are remembered with Eisenhower Monument and MacArthur Monument, which sit at opposite ends of Diagonal Walk. In the far north west corner, Thayer Monument commemorates the "Father of the Military Academy", and stands watch over the Plain. On the far eastern edge of the Plain, just beyond Clinton field, Polish General Tadeusz Kosciuszko looks out over the Hudson River at Kosciuszko's Monument.[9]
Thayer statue at northwest corner of the Plain
Washington Statue
Notesedit
^"Life at West Point of Future Professional American Civil War Officers". HistoryNet.com. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
^"WEST POINT. The Departure of the Midshipmen-Complimentary Salutes-The Summer Encampment of Cadets (1868)". New York Times. 1868-06-23. Retrieved 2009-02-15.
Hancock, Harry Irving (1902). Life at West Point. New York: Knickerbocker Press. p. 193. west point summer encampment.
Lange, Robie (1984). Historic Structures Inventory United States Military Academy West Point, NY Vol 2. Washington D.C.: National Park Service.
Miller, Rod (2002). The Campus Guide, West Point: US Military Academy. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN1-56898-294-1.
January 01, 1970
plain, west, point, plain, parade, field, united, states, military, academy, west, point, york, flat, terrain, plain, contrast, varied, hilly, terrain, remainder, campus, plain, rises, approximately, feet, above, hudson, river, been, site, longest, continually. The Plain is the parade field at the United States Military Academy at West Point New York The flat terrain of the Plain is in contrast to the varied and hilly terrain of the remainder of the campus The Plain rises approximately 150 feet 45 m above the Hudson River and has been the site of the longest continually occupied U S Army garrison in America since 1778 In its early years the entire academy was located on the Plain and it was used for varying activities ranging from drill and mounted cavalry maneuvers to an encampment site for summer training to a sports venue Currently the Plain refers to just the parade field where cadets perform ceremonial parades The PlainThe Plain at West Point as viewed from the balcony of Jefferson Library with Eisenhower statue and Diagonal Walk in foreground Location within New YorkShow map of New YorkThe Plain West Point the United States Show map of the United StatesLocationWest Point New YorkNearest cityHighland Falls New YorkCoordinates41 23 35 N 73 57 25 W 41 393 N 73 957 W 41 393 73 957Established1778Managed byUS Army Contents 1 Geography 2 History 3 Uses 4 Monuments 5 Notes 6 ReferencesGeography editThe Plain in the early days of the academy comprised approximately 40 acres 16 ha of relatively flat ground rising approximately 150 feet 46 m above the Hudson River It was not always the level and manicured parade ground that is seen today 1 History edit nbsp The Plain in 1828 All structures in the painting are now gone and Wood s Monument is moved to the cemetery 2 Before the development of the modern academy the term The Plain referred to the relatively flat geographic area that the current academy occupies It included the area where Fort Clinton was constructed The term now specifically applies to the parade field The Connecticut militia that first occupied West Point on 27 January 1778 encamped there during that particularly harsh winter That summer construction began on Fort Arnold later to be renamed Fort Clinton which stood at the far eastern edge of the Plain and overlooked the sharp westerly turn in the Hudson River The land was owned by a private citizen a Mr Stephen Moore of North Carolina Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton authorized the army s purchase of the land for 11 085 in 1790 3 nbsp Football on the Plain c1900 Execution Hollow is clearly visible just above the diagonal walkway in the mid right of this picture Battle Monument is on the back right side of it In the early days of the academy the Plain was used for many purposes beyond its current use for ceremonial parades From its earliest days until just after World War I the Corps of Cadets spent their summers encamped on the Plain as part of their tactical field training 4 Semi permanent tents were erected hard floor planking and furniture and books were moved out to the campsite as the Cadets moved out of the barracks for the summer Cadets practiced military drill and cavalry maneuvers on the Plain s open areas 5 However after the superintendency of Douglas MacArthur from 1919 to 1922 summer camp was no longer held on the Plain Before the construction of Michie Stadium the Army football team played their home games upon the Plain For the first 100 years of the academy there was a large depression on the northern edge of the plain near trophy point This area was known locally as Execution Hollow as reportedly military executions occurred there during the Revolutionary War period The hollow remained until 1912 when it was filled in with soil excavated from the construction of Bartlett Hall 6 The area now is a small grassy field between the Superintendent s review stands Clinton Field and Battle Monument on Trophy point The field contains a small putting green used by the Department of Physical Education for golf instruction and a spruce tree planted in 2009 as a post Christmas tree nbsp Cavalry drill on the Plain 1907 Pershing Barracks in the upper left nbsp Summer camp on the Plain 1907 nbsp Cadet tent during summer camp 1905 nbsp 1780 map showing Ft Clinton on the western edge of the Plain nbsp Circa 1915 nbsp c1896 only Pershing barracks clock tower in center remainsUses edit nbsp Artillery training 1908 nbsp Cadet review on the Plain The Plain in present day is used primarily for ceremonial parades known at the academy as reviews 7 Because of the cold weather common at the academy cadet reviews are usually held between April and November Cadets also use the Plain for recreational activities or as a place to retreat from the barracks during the late spring or early fall The general public is asked not to walk on the grass Plain Visitors can access and view the Plain up close from Diagonal Walk a walkway which bisects the Plain running north south from Eisenhower statue to MacArthur statue The Plain is also the location of the Corps of Cadets Tap Vigils when a member of the corps passes away Shortly before 2330 hours the entire corps assembles in silence on the large paved southern edge of the plain known as the Apron The traditional military hymn Taps is played followed by a singing of the Alma Mater by the corps followed by the playing of Amazing Grace by the Pipes and Drums The cadets then disperse in silence back to their rooms 8 Monuments editThe periphery of the Plain is home to several monuments to past American military leaders A horse mounted George Washington is depicted atop Washington Monument on the western edge looking out over the Plain World War II Generals of the Army are remembered with Eisenhower Monument and MacArthur Monument which sit at opposite ends of Diagonal Walk In the far north west corner Thayer Monument commemorates the Father of the Military Academy and stands watch over the Plain On the far eastern edge of the Plain just beyond Clinton field Polish General Tadeusz Kosciuszko looks out over the Hudson River at Kosciuszko s Monument 9 nbsp Thayer statue at northwest corner of the Plain nbsp Washington StatueNotes edit Life at West Point of Future Professional American Civil War Officers HistoryNet com Retrieved 2009 02 14 Miller p 5 Ambrose p 10 WEST POINT The Departure of the Midshipmen Complimentary Salutes The Summer Encampment of Cadets 1868 New York Times 1868 06 23 Retrieved 2009 02 15 Hancock p 193 Lange P 8 Sgt Christopher Land Academy salutes decades of grads PointerView Retrieved 2009 02 14 Taps Vigil West Point org Retrieved 2009 02 14 FOR YOUR FREEDOM AND OURS American Association of the Friends of Kosciuszko at West Point Inc Retrieved 2009 02 14 References edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Plain West Point Ambrose Stephen 1966 Duty Honor Country A History of West Point Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 0 8018 6293 0 Hancock Harry Irving 1902 Life at West Point New York Knickerbocker Press p 193 west point summer encampment Lange Robie 1984 Historic Structures Inventory United States Military Academy West Point NY Vol 2 Washington D C National Park Service Miller Rod 2002 The Campus Guide West Point US Military Academy New York Princeton Architectural Press ISBN 1 56898 294 1 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title The Plain West Point amp oldid 1156494963, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
