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The Lesser Key of Solomon

January 07, 2023

For other uses, see Key of Solomon (disambiguation).

The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Lemegeton Clavicula Salomonis[1] or simply Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older.[2][3] It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.[2]

Ars Goetia

This section is about the evocation of demons. For the video game, see Goetia (video game).
 
The magical circle and triangle, magical objects/symbols used in the evocation of the seventy-two spirits of the Ars Goetia
 
The Secret Seal of Solomon

Etymology

The text is more properly called "Lemegeton Clavicula Salomonis, or, The little Key of Solomon". The title most commonly used, "The Lesser Key of Solomon," does not in fact occur in the manuscripts. A.E. Waite, in his 1898 Book of Black Magic and of Pacts does use the terms "so-called Greater Key" and "Lesser Key" to distinguish between the Clavicula Salomonis and Lemegeton, so he may have been the first one to coin it. The Latin term goetia refers to the evocation of demons or evil spirits.[4][5] It is derived from the Ancient Greek word γοητεία (goēteía) meaning “charm” "witchcraft" or "jugglery".[6]

In medieval and Renaissance Europe, goetia was generally considered evil and heretical, in contrast to theurgia (theurgy) and magia naturalis (natural magic), which were sometimes considered more noble.[7][8] Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, in his Three Books of Occult Philosophy, writes "Now the parts of ceremonial magic are goetia and theurgia. Goetia is unfortunate, by the commerces of unclean spirits made up of the rites of wicked curiosities, unlawful charms, and deprecations, and is abandoned and execrated by all laws."[5]

Sources

The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, suggesting that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around.[2][9] The order of the spirits changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discovery of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scott's translation of Weyer than on Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material came from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano,[note 1][2][10] and the Magical Calendar.[11]

Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits,[12] appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Livre des Esperitz (30 of the 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).[3][10]

In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd (1583?–1656), this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shem HaMephorash[13] which were intended to protect the conjurer and to control the demons he summoned.[14] The angelic names and seals derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers (1854-1918) in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn[10] (1887–1903). Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius,[10] who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.

This portion of the work was later translated by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley in 1904 under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work (including some evocations in the Enochian language), as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.[15][16]

The Seventy-Two Demons

Further information: List of demons in the Ars Goetia
 
The 72 sigils

The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them. The demons Vassago, Seere, Dantalion, and Andromalius are new additions in Ars Goetia that are not present in the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum that it is based upon, whereas the demon Pruflas appears in the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum but not in Ars Goetia.

  1. King Bael
  2. Duke Agares
  3. Prince Vassago
  4. Marquis Samigina
  5. President Marbas
  6. Duke Valefor
  7. Marquis Amon
  8. Duke Barbatos
  9. King Paimon
  10. President Buer
  11. Duke Gusion
  12. Prince Sitri
  13. King Beleth
  14. Marquis Leraje
  15. Duke Eligos
  16. Duke Zepar
  17. Count/President Botis
  18. Duke Bathin
  19. Duke Sallos
  20. King Purson
  21. Count/President Morax
  22. Count/Prince Ipos
  23. Duke Aim
  24. Marquis Naberius
  25. Count/President Glasya-Labolas
  26. Duke Buné
  27. Marquis/Count Ronové
  28. Duke Berith
  29. Duke Astaroth
  30. Marquis Forneus
  31. President Foras
  32. King Asmodeus
  33. Prince/President Gäap
  34. Count Furfur
  35. Marquis Marchosias
  36. Prince Stolas
  37. Marquis Phenex
  38. Count Halphas
  39. President Malphas
  40. Count Räum
  41. Duke Focalor
  42. Duke Vepar
  43. Marquis Sabnock
  44. Marquis Shax
  45. King/Count Viné
  46. Count Bifrons
  47. Duke Vual
  48. President Haagenti
  49. Duke Crocell
  50. Knight Furcas
  51. King Balam
  52. Duke Alloces
  53. President Caim
  54. Duke/Count Murmur
  55. Prince Orobas
  56. Duke Gremory
  57. President Ose
  58. President Amy
  59. Marquis Orias
  60. Duke Vapula
  61. King/President Zagan
  62. President Valac
  63. Marquis Andras
  64. Duke Flauros
  65. Marquis Andrealphus
  66. Marquis Kimaris
  67. Duke Amdusias
  68. King Belial
  69. Marquis Decarabia
  70. Prince Seere
  71. Duke Dantalion
  72. Count Andromalius

A footnote in one variant edition lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[17] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (east), Amaymon (south), Paymon (west), and Egin (north); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin,[18][19] though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the east, Amaymon in the south, Paymon in the west, and Aegym in the north"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the east), Paymon (king of the west), Egion (king of the north), and Maimon."'[18]

Ars Theurgia Goetia

The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order of the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript.[10][20] Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to compass points: four emperors are tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the east, Amenadiel in the west, Demoriel in the north and Caspiel in the south); and sixteen dukes are tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, and additional directions between those. There are in addition eleven "wandering princes", so that a total of thirty-one spirit leaders each rule several spirits, up to a few dozen.[21]

Ars Paulina

Derived from book three of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century.[22][23] Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2–4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.[23]

Ars Almadel

Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert H.Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.[24][25]

Ars Notoria

The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely;[26][27] A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton.[9] It is also known as the Ars Nova.

Editions

  • Crowley, Aleister (ed.), S. L. MacGregor Mathers (transcribed) The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Translated into the English tongue by a dead hand (Foyers, Inverness: Society for the Propagation of Religious Truth, 1904) 1995 reprint: ISBN 0-87728-847-X.
  • Greenup, A. W., "The Almadel of Solomon, according to the text of the Sloane MS. 2731" The Occult Review vol. 22 no. 2, August 1915, 96–102.
  • Henson, Mitch (ed.) Lemegeton. The Complete Lesser Key of Solomon (Jacksonville: Metatron Books, 1999) ISBN 978-0-9672797-0-1. Noted by Peterson to be "uncritical and indiscriminate in its use of source material".[15]
  • de Laurence, L. W. (ed.), The Lesser Key Of Solomon, Goetia, The Book of Evil Spirits (Chicago: de Laurence, Scott & Co., 1916) 1942 reprint: ISBN 978-0-7661-0776-2; 2006 reprint: ISBN 978-1-59462-200-7. A plagiarism of the Mathers/Crowley edition.[28]
  • Peterson, Joseph H. (ed.), The Lesser Key of Solomon: Lemegeton Clavicula Salomonis (York Beach, ME: Weiser Books, 2001). Considered "the definitive version"[29] and "the standard edition".[30]
  • Runyon, Carroll, The Book of Solomon’s Magick (Silverado, CA: C.H.S. Inc., 1996). Targeted more toward practicing magicians than academics, claims that the demons were originally derived from Mesopotamian mythology.[31]
  • Shah, Idries, The Secret Lore of Magic (London: Abacus, 1972). Contains portions of Ars Almandel and split sections the Goetia, missing large portions of the rituals involved.[15]
  • Skinner, Stephen & Rankine, David (eds.), The Goetia of Dr Rudd: The Angels and Demons of Liber Malorum Spirituum Seu Goetia (Sourceworks of Ceremonial Magic) (London and Singapore: The Golden Hoard Press 2007) ISBN 978-0-9547639-2-3
  • Thorogood, Alan (ed.), Frederick Hockley (transcribed), The Pauline Art of Solomon (York Beach, ME: The Teitan Press, 2016)
  • Veenstra, Jan R. “The Holy Almandal. Angels and the intellectual aims of magic” in Jan N. Bremmer and Jan R. Veenstra (eds.), The Metamorphosis of Magic from Late Antiguity to the Early Modern Period (Leuven: Peeters, 2002), pp. 189–229. The Almadel is transcribed at pp. 217–229.
  • Waite, Arthur Edward, The Book of Black Magic and of Pacts. Including the rites and mysteries of goëtic theurgy, sorcery, and infernal necromancy, also the rituals of black magic (Edinburgh: 1898). Reprinted as The Secret Tradition in Goëtia. The Book of Ceremonial Magic, including the rites and mysteries of Goëtic theurgy, sorcery, and infernal necromancy (London: William Rider & Son, 1911). Includes the Goetia, Pauline Art and Almadel.[15]
  • White, Nelson & Anne (eds.) Lemegeton: Clavicula Salomonis: or, The complete lesser key of Solomon the King (Pasadena, CA: Technology Group, 1979). Noted by Peterson to be "almost totally unreadable".[15]
  • Wilby, Kevin (ed.) The Lemegetton. A Medieval Manual of Solomonic Magic (Silian, Lampeter: Hermetic Research Series, 1985)

See also

Explanatory notes

  1. ^ The latter republished spuriously as a purported Fourth Book of Agrippa.

Citations

  1. ^ Peterson, Joseph H., ed. (2001). The Lesser Key of Solomon: Lemegeton Clavicula Salomonis. York Beach, Maine: Weiser Books. ISBN 9781578632206.
  2. ^ a b c d Lemegeton Clavicula Salomonis: The Lesser Key of Solomon, Detailing the Ceremonial Art of Commanding Spirits Both Good and Evil; ed. Joseph H. Peterson; Weiser Books Maine; 2001. pp. xi–xvii.
  3. ^ a b The Goetia of Dr Rudd; Thomas Rudd, Eds. Stephen Skinner & David Rankine; 2007, Golden Hoard Press. p. 399.
  4. ^ Asprem, Egil (2016). "Intermediary Beings". In Partridge, Christopher (ed.). The Occult World. Routledge. p. 653. ISBN 9781138219250.
  5. ^ a b Agrippa, Henry Cornelius (1651). Three Books of Occult Philosophy (PDF). Translated by Freake, James. London. pp. 572–575.
  6. ^ "LSJ". Perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
  7. ^ Mebane, John S. (1992). Renaissance Magic and the Return of the Golden Age: The Occult Tradition and Marlowe, Jonson, and Shakespeare. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 44, 45. ISBN 9780803281790.
  8. ^ Thorndike, Lynn (2003). History of Magic and Experimental Science. Whitefish, Mont.: Kessinger. p. 505. ISBN 9780766143135.
  9. ^ a b The Book of Ceremonial Magic, Part I, Chapter III, section 2: "The Lesser Key of Solomon"; Arthur Edward Waite; London, 1913; available online at The Internet Sacred Text Archive, (direct link to section).
  10. ^ a b c d e Rudd, Ed. Skinner & Rankine; pp. 31–43
  11. ^ Rudd, Ed. Skinner & Rankine; p.82
  12. ^ A Book of the Office of Spirits; John Porter, Trans. Frederick Hockley, Ed. Colin D. Campbelll; Teitan Press, 2011. p. xiii–xvii
  13. ^ Rudd, Ed. Skinner & Rankine; p.14-19
  14. ^ Rudd, Ed. Skinner & Rankine; p. 71
  15. ^ a b c d e Peterson, 2001, pp. xviii–xx
  16. ^ Stephen Skinner & David Rankine, The Goetia of Dr. Rudd, Golden Hoard Press, 2007, pp. 47–50
  17. ^ Peterson, 2001, p. 40
  18. ^ a b First footnote by Joseph H. Peterson to Trithemius's The art of drawing spirits into crystals
  19. ^ The Magical Calendar; Johann Baptist Grossschedel, trans. and ed. Adam McLean; Phanes Press, 1994. p. 35.
  20. ^ Peterson, 2001, p.xv.
  21. ^ Rudd, ed. Skinner & Rankine; p.53-57
  22. ^ Peterson, 2001, p. xv–xvi
  23. ^ a b Rudd, ed. Skinner & Rankine; pp. 57–59
  24. ^ Peterson, 2001, p. xvi
  25. ^ Rudd, ed. Skinner & Rankine; p.59-60
  26. ^ Peterson, 2001, p. xvii
  27. ^ Rudd, ed. Skinner & Rankine; p.60-63.
  28. ^ Rudd, ed. Skinner & Rankine; p.50,
  29. ^ Rudd, ed. Skinner & Rankine; p.8
  30. ^ Rudd, ed. Skinner & Rankine; p.52
  31. ^ Rudd, ed. Skinner & Rankine; p.51–52

Works cited

  • Aleister Crowley (ed.), Samuel Liddell Mathers (trans.), The Goetia: The Lesser Key of Solomon the King. York Beach, ME : Samuel Weiser (1995) ISBN 0-87728-847-X.
  • E. J. Langford Garstin, Theurgy or The Hermetic Practice: A Treatise on Spiritual Alchemy. Berwick: Ibis Press, 2004. (Published posthumously)
  • Stephen Skinner, & David Rankine, The Goetia of Dr Rudd: The Angels and Demons of Liber Malorum Spirituum Seu Goetia (Sourceworks of Ceremonial Magic). Golden Hoard Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-9547639-2-3

External links

  • J. B. Hare, online edition (2002, sacred-texts.com)
  • Joseph H. Peterson, online edition (1999)
  • Demon list with descriptions

January 07, 2023
lesser, solomon, other, uses, solomon, disambiguation, also, known, lemegeton, clavicula, salomonis, simply, lemegeton, anonymous, grimoire, demonology, compiled, 17th, century, mostly, from, materials, couple, centuries, older, divided, into, five, books, goe. For other uses see Key of Solomon disambiguation The Lesser Key of Solomon also known as Lemegeton Clavicula Salomonis 1 or simply Lemegeton is an anonymous grimoire on demonology It was compiled in the mid 17th century mostly from materials a couple of centuries older 2 3 It is divided into five books the Ars Goetia Ars Theurgia Goetia Ars Paulina Ars Almadel and Ars Notoria 2 Contents 1 Ars Goetia 1 1 Etymology 1 2 Sources 1 3 The Seventy Two Demons 2 Ars Theurgia Goetia 3 Ars Paulina 4 Ars Almadel 5 Ars Notoria 6 Editions 7 See also 8 Explanatory notes 9 Citations 10 Works cited 11 External linksArs Goetia EditThis section is about the evocation of demons For the video game see Goetia video game The magical circle and triangle magical objects symbols used in the evocation of the seventy two spirits of the Ars Goetia The Secret Seal of Solomon Etymology Edit The text is more properly called Lemegeton Clavicula Salomonis or The little Key of Solomon The title most commonly used The Lesser Key of Solomon does not in fact occur in the manuscripts A E Waite in his 1898 Book of Black Magic and of Pacts does use the terms so called Greater Key and Lesser Key to distinguish between the Clavicula Salomonis and Lemegeton so he may have been the first one to coin it The Latin term goetia refers to the evocation of demons or evil spirits 4 5 It is derived from the Ancient Greek word gohteia goeteia meaning charm witchcraft or jugglery 6 In medieval and Renaissance Europe goetia was generally considered evil and heretical in contrast to theurgia theurgy and magia naturalis natural magic which were sometimes considered more noble 7 8 Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa in his Three Books of Occult Philosophy writes Now the parts of ceremonial magic are goetia and theurgia Goetia is unfortunate by the commerces of unclean spirits made up of the rites of wicked curiosities unlawful charms and deprecations and is abandoned and execrated by all laws 5 Sources Edit The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer s Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum Weyer does not cite and is unaware of any other books in the Lemegeton suggesting that the Lemegeton was derived from his work not the other way around 2 9 The order of the spirits changed between the two four additional spirits were added to the later work and one spirit Pruflas was omitted The omission of Pruflas a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot s The Discovery of Witchcraft indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570 Indeed it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scott s translation of Weyer than on Weyer s work in itself Additionally some material came from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa s Three Books of Occult Philosophy the Heptameron by pseudo Pietro d Abano note 1 2 10 and the Magical Calendar 11 Weyer s Officium Spirituum which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits 12 appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th century manuscript titled Livre des Esperitz 30 of the 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia 3 10 In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd 1583 1656 this portion was labelled Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shem HaMephorash 13 which were intended to protect the conjurer and to control the demons he summoned 14 The angelic names and seals derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenere whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers 1854 1918 in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn 10 1887 1903 Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now lost work by Johannes Trithemius 10 who taught Agrippa who in turn taught Weyer This portion of the work was later translated by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley in 1904 under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work including some evocations in the Enochian language as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning 15 16 The Seventy Two Demons Edit Further information List of demons in the Ars Goetia The 72 sigils The demons names given below are taken from the Ars Goetia which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer As a result of multiple translations there are multiple spellings for some of the names which are given in the articles concerning them The demons Vassago Seere Dantalion and Andromalius are new additions in Ars Goetia that are not present in the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum that it is based upon whereas the demon Pruflas appears in the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum but not in Ars Goetia King Bael Duke Agares Prince Vassago Marquis Samigina President Marbas Duke Valefor Marquis Amon Duke Barbatos King Paimon President Buer Duke Gusion Prince Sitri King Beleth Marquis Leraje Duke Eligos Duke Zepar Count President Botis Duke Bathin Duke Sallos King Purson Count President Morax Count Prince Ipos Duke Aim Marquis Naberius Count President Glasya Labolas Duke Bune Marquis Count Ronove Duke Berith Duke Astaroth Marquis Forneus President Foras King Asmodeus Prince President Gaap Count Furfur Marquis Marchosias Prince Stolas Marquis Phenex Count Halphas President Malphas Count Raum Duke Focalor Duke Vepar Marquis Sabnock Marquis Shax King Count Vine Count Bifrons Duke Vual President Haagenti Duke Crocell Knight Furcas King Balam Duke Alloces President Caim Duke Count Murmur Prince Orobas Duke Gremory President Ose President Amy Marquis Orias Duke Vapula King President Zagan President Valac Marquis Andras Duke Flauros Marquis Andrealphus Marquis Kimaris Duke Amdusias King Belial Marquis Decarabia Prince Seere Duke Dantalion Count Andromalius A footnote in one variant edition lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Oriens or Uriens Paymon or Paymonia Ariton or Egyn and Amaymon or Amaimon alternatively known as Samael Azazel Azael and Mahazael purportedly their preferred rabbinic names 17 Agrippa s Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus east Amaymon south Paymon west and Egin north again providing the alternate names Samuel i e Samael Azazel Azael and Mahazuel The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael Moymon Poymon and Egin 18 19 though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list Asmodel in the east Amaymon in the south Paymon in the west and Aegym in the north Oriens Paymon Egyn and Amaymon or Amodeo sic king of the east Paymon king of the west Egion king of the north and Maimon 18 Ars Theurgia Goetia EditThe Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius s Steganographia though the seals and order of the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript 10 20 Rituals not found in Steganographia were added in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina Most of the spirits summoned are tied to compass points four emperors are tied to the cardinal points Carnesiel in the east Amenadiel in the west Demoriel in the north and Caspiel in the south and sixteen dukes are tied to cardinal points inter cardinal points and additional directions between those There are in addition eleven wandering princes so that a total of thirty one spirit leaders each rule several spirits up to a few dozen 21 Ars Paulina EditDerived from book three of Trithemius s Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of as claimed by Trithemius Raziel Elements from The Magical Calendar astrological seals by Robert Turner s 1656 translation of Paracelsus s Archidoxes of Magic and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century 22 23 Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12 2 4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books the first detailing twenty four angels aligned with the twenty four hours of the day the second derived more from the Heptameron detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac 23 Ars Almadel EditMentioned by Trithemius and Weyer the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work A 15th century copy is attested to by Robert H Turner and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying 24 25 Ars Notoria EditThe Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely 26 27 A E Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton 9 It is also known as the Ars Nova Editions EditCrowley Aleister ed S L MacGregor Mathers transcribed The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King Translated into the English tongue by a dead hand Foyers Inverness Society for the Propagation of Religious Truth 1904 1995 reprint ISBN 0 87728 847 X Greenup A W The Almadel of Solomon according to the text of the Sloane MS 2731 The Occult Review vol 22 no 2 August 1915 96 102 Henson Mitch ed Lemegeton The Complete Lesser Key of Solomon Jacksonville Metatron Books 1999 ISBN 978 0 9672797 0 1 Noted by Peterson to be uncritical and indiscriminate in its use of source material 15 de Laurence L W ed The Lesser Key Of Solomon Goetia The Book of Evil Spirits Chicago de Laurence Scott amp Co 1916 1942 reprint ISBN 978 0 7661 0776 2 2006 reprint ISBN 978 1 59462 200 7 A plagiarism of the Mathers Crowley edition 28 Peterson Joseph H ed The Lesser Key of Solomon Lemegeton Clavicula Salomonis York Beach ME Weiser Books 2001 Considered the definitive version 29 and the standard edition 30 Runyon Carroll The Book of Solomon s Magick Silverado CA C H S Inc 1996 Targeted more toward practicing magicians than academics claims that the demons were originally derived from Mesopotamian mythology 31 Shah Idries The Secret Lore of Magic London Abacus 1972 Contains portions of Ars Almandel and split sections the Goetia missing large portions of the rituals involved 15 Skinner Stephen amp Rankine David eds The Goetia of Dr Rudd The Angels and Demons of Liber Malorum Spirituum Seu Goetia Sourceworks of Ceremonial Magic London and Singapore The Golden Hoard Press 2007 ISBN 978 0 9547639 2 3 Thorogood Alan ed Frederick Hockley transcribed The Pauline Art of Solomon York Beach ME The Teitan Press 2016 Veenstra Jan R The Holy Almandal Angels and the intellectual aims of magic in Jan N Bremmer and Jan R Veenstra eds The Metamorphosis of Magic from Late Antiguity to the Early Modern Period Leuven Peeters 2002 pp 189 229 The Almadel is transcribed at pp 217 229 Waite Arthur Edward The Book of Black Magic and of Pacts Including the rites and mysteries of goetic theurgy sorcery and infernal necromancy also the rituals of black magic Edinburgh 1898 Reprinted as The Secret Tradition in Goetia The Book of Ceremonial Magic including the rites and mysteries of Goetic theurgy sorcery and infernal necromancy London William Rider amp Son 1911 Includes the Goetia Pauline Art and Almadel 15 White Nelson amp Anne eds Lemegeton Clavicula Salomonis or The complete lesser key of Solomon the King Pasadena CA Technology Group 1979 Noted by Peterson to be almost totally unreadable 15 Wilby Kevin ed The Lemegetton A Medieval Manual of Solomonic Magic Silian Lampeter Hermetic Research Series 1985 See also EditThe Book of Abramelin Grimoire List of magical terms and traditions Works of Aleister CrowleyExplanatory notes Edit The latter republished spuriously as a purported Fourth Book of Agrippa Citations Edit Peterson Joseph H ed 2001 The Lesser Key of Solomon Lemegeton Clavicula Salomonis York Beach Maine Weiser Books ISBN 9781578632206 a b c d Lemegeton Clavicula Salomonis The Lesser Key of Solomon Detailing the Ceremonial Art of Commanding Spirits Both Good and Evil ed Joseph H Peterson Weiser Books Maine 2001 pp xi xvii a b The Goetia of Dr Rudd Thomas Rudd Eds Stephen Skinner amp David Rankine 2007 Golden Hoard Press p 399 Asprem Egil 2016 Intermediary Beings In Partridge Christopher ed The Occult World Routledge p 653 ISBN 9781138219250 a b Agrippa Henry Cornelius 1651 Three Books of Occult Philosophy PDF Translated by Freake James London pp 572 575 LSJ Perseus tufts edu Retrieved 2013 10 18 Mebane John S 1992 Renaissance Magic and the Return of the Golden Age The Occult Tradition and Marlowe Jonson and Shakespeare Lincoln University of Nebraska Press pp 44 45 ISBN 9780803281790 Thorndike Lynn 2003 History of Magic and Experimental Science Whitefish Mont Kessinger p 505 ISBN 9780766143135 a b The Book of Ceremonial Magic Part I Chapter III section 2 The Lesser Key of Solomon Arthur Edward Waite London 1913 available online at The Internet Sacred Text Archive direct link to section a b c d e Rudd Ed Skinner amp Rankine pp 31 43 Rudd Ed Skinner amp Rankine p 82 A Book of the Office of Spirits John Porter Trans Frederick Hockley Ed Colin D Campbelll Teitan Press 2011 p xiii xvii Rudd Ed Skinner amp Rankine p 14 19 Rudd Ed Skinner amp Rankine p 71 a b c d e Peterson 2001 pp xviii xx Stephen Skinner amp David Rankine The Goetia of Dr Rudd Golden Hoard Press 2007 pp 47 50 Peterson 2001 p 40 a b First footnote by Joseph H Peterson to Trithemius s The art of drawing spirits into crystals The Magical Calendar Johann Baptist Grossschedel trans and ed Adam McLean Phanes Press 1994 p 35 Peterson 2001 p xv Rudd ed Skinner amp Rankine p 53 57 Peterson 2001 p xv xvi a b Rudd ed Skinner amp Rankine pp 57 59 Peterson 2001 p xvi Rudd ed Skinner amp Rankine p 59 60 Peterson 2001 p xvii Rudd ed Skinner amp Rankine p 60 63 Rudd ed Skinner amp Rankine p 50 Rudd ed Skinner amp Rankine p 8 Rudd ed Skinner amp Rankine p 52 Rudd ed Skinner amp Rankine p 51 52Works cited EditAleister Crowley ed Samuel Liddell Mathers trans The Goetia The Lesser Key of Solomon the King York Beach ME Samuel Weiser 1995 ISBN 0 87728 847 X E J Langford Garstin Theurgy or The Hermetic Practice A Treatise on Spiritual Alchemy Berwick Ibis Press 2004 Published posthumously Stephen Skinner amp David Rankine The Goetia of Dr Rudd The Angels and Demons of Liber Malorum Spirituum Seu Goetia Sourceworks of Ceremonial Magic Golden Hoard Press 2007 ISBN 978 0 9547639 2 3External links EditJ B Hare online edition 2002 sacred texts com Joseph H Peterson online edition 1999 Demon list with descriptions Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title The Lesser Key of Solomon amp oldid 1127990241, wikipedia, wiki, book, 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