"The Doctrine of Fascism" (Italian: "La dottrina del fascismo") is an essay attributed to Benito Mussolini. In truth, the first part of the essay, entitled "Idee Fondamentali" (Italian for 'Fundamental Ideas'), was written by the Italian philosopher Giovanni Gentile, while only the second part ("Dottrina politica e sociale", Italian for 'Political and social doctrine') is the work of Mussolini himself.[1]
The Italian philosopher Giovanni Gentile wrote the first part of "The Doctrine of Fascism"
Although written in 1927 by Mussolini, with the help of Giovanni Gentile, it was first published in the 14th volume of the Italian Encyclopedia (Enciclopedia Italiana), published in 1932, as the first section of a lengthy entry on "Fascismo" (Italian for 'Fascism'). The entire entry on fascism spans pages 847–884 of the Enciclopedia Italiana, and includes numerous photographs and graphic images. The entry starts on page 847 and ends on 851 with the credit line "Benito Mussolini." All subsequent translations of "The Doctrine of Fascism" are from this work.
A key concept of the Mussolini essay was that fascism was a rejection of previous models: "Granted that the nineteenth century was the century of socialism, liberalism, democracy, this does not mean that the twentieth century must also be the century of socialism, liberalism, democracy. Political doctrines pass; nations remain. We are free to believe that this is the century of authority, a century tending to the "right", a Fascist century. If the nineteenth century was the century of the individual (liberalism implies individualism) we are free to believe that this is the "collective" century, and therefore the century of the State."[2] The original Italian text says, "Si può pensare che questo sia il secolo dell’autorità, un secolo di «destra», un secolo fascista". Nonetheless, Jane Soames, in her “authorized translation” of Mussolini's 1933 ““The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism” reads: "a century of the Left, a century of Fascism" on page 20. This is often said to be a mistake in Soames' translation.[citation needed]
In 1940, Mussolini ordered all remaining copies of the document, which had different editions and translations, to be retracted "because he changed his mind about certain points".[3]
Translations
The first authorized translation into English was prepared by Jane Soames and published by Leonard and Virginia Woolf in 1933 (The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism, London: Hogarth Press, 1933). Soames' translation was also published in The Living Age, November 1933, New York City, p. 241, as a chapter entitled "The Doctrine of Fascism".
Other translations include:
Nathanael Greene, ed., Fascism: An Anthology, New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1968, pp. 41, 43–44
Benito Mussolini, My Autobiography: With "The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism", Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, 2006, p. 236.
^De Felice, Renzo (2006). Mussolini il duce (in Italian). Vol. 3: Gli anni del consenso, 1929-1936. Turin: Giulio Einaudi editore. pp. 35–36. ISBN9788806139964.
Mussolini, Benito (1935). Fascism: Doctrine and Institutions. Rome: Ardita Publishers.
Translation of the 1932 Enciclopedia Italiana essay "Doctrines" by Mussolini. This translation is by Mr. I. S. Munro, from "Fascism to World-Power" (Alexander Maclehose, London, 1933). It is part of a 1984 compilation book: Readings on Fascism and National Socialism; Swallow Press, Athens, Ohio, 1984. [1]
My Autobiography. Book by Benito Mussolini; Charles Scribner's Sons, 1928. [2]
External links
The Doctrine of Fascism by Benito Mussolini Complete text of the essay "Dottrina" (Doctrines). A translation of the Benito Mussolini "Doctrines" section of the "Fascism" entry in the 1932 edition of the Enciclopedia Italiana. From the publication Fascism: Doctrine and Institutions, by Benito Mussolini, 1935, 'Ardita' Publishers, Rome. Footnote numbers inserted in the text, and a footnote appendix (both not found in the 1932 encyclopedia article), are found in this 1935 publication. The footnotes contain excerpts from his speeches.
Authorized translation of Mussolini's "The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism" (1933)
What is Fascism? Quotes from Mussolini and Hitler. English. Includes a few excerpts from another translation into English of the Mussolini essay on "Doctrines" in the 1932 edition of the Enciclopedia Italiana. From The Doctrine of Fascism, by Benito Mussolini, 1935, Firenze: Vallecchi Editore.
2 Mussolini autobiographies in one book. English. Searchable. Click on the result titled "My Rise and Fall" (usually the top result). Then use the search form in the left column titled "search within this book."
January 18, 2023
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The Doctrine of Fascism Italian La dottrina del fascismo is an essay attributed to Benito Mussolini In truth the first part of the essay entitled Idee Fondamentali Italian for Fundamental Ideas was written by the Italian philosopher Giovanni Gentile while only the second part Dottrina politica e sociale Italian for Political and social doctrine is the work of Mussolini himself 1 The Italian philosopher Giovanni Gentile wrote the first part of The Doctrine of Fascism Contents 1 Overview 2 Translations 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksOverview EditAlthough written in 1927 by Mussolini with the help of Giovanni Gentile it was first published in the 14th volume of the Italian Encyclopedia Enciclopedia Italiana published in 1932 as the first section of a lengthy entry on Fascismo Italian for Fascism The entire entry on fascism spans pages 847 884 of the Enciclopedia Italiana and includes numerous photographs and graphic images The entry starts on page 847 and ends on 851 with the credit line Benito Mussolini All subsequent translations of The Doctrine of Fascism are from this work A key concept of the Mussolini essay was that fascism was a rejection of previous models Granted that the nineteenth century was the century of socialism liberalism democracy this does not mean that the twentieth century must also be the century of socialism liberalism democracy Political doctrines pass nations remain We are free to believe that this is the century of authority a century tending to the right a Fascist century If the nineteenth century was the century of the individual liberalism implies individualism we are free to believe that this is the collective century and therefore the century of the State 2 The original Italian text says Si puo pensare che questo sia il secolo dell autorita un secolo di destra un secolo fascista Nonetheless Jane Soames in her authorized translation of Mussolini s 1933 The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism reads a century of the Left a century of Fascism on page 20 This is often said to be a mistake in Soames translation citation needed In 1940 Mussolini ordered all remaining copies of the document which had different editions and translations to be retracted because he changed his mind about certain points 3 Translations EditThe first authorized translation into English was prepared by Jane Soames and published by Leonard and Virginia Woolf in 1933 The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism London Hogarth Press 1933 Soames translation was also published in The Living Age November 1933 New York City p 241 as a chapter entitled The Doctrine of Fascism Other translations include Nathanael Greene ed Fascism An Anthology New York Thomas Y Crowell 1968 pp 41 43 44 Benito Mussolini My Autobiography With The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism Mineola New York Dover Publications 2006 p 236 See also EditConstitution of Fiume Corporatism Definitions of fascism Fascism and ideology Fascist Manifesto Italian racial laws Manifesto of Race Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals SansepolcrismoNotes Edit De Felice Renzo 2006 Mussolini il duce in Italian Vol 3 Gli anni del consenso 1929 1936 Turin Giulio Einaudi editore pp 35 36 ISBN 9788806139964 Online version Noel O Sullivan Fascism London Dent 1983 p 138References EditFascism Noel O Sullivan 1983 pg 138 referencing Mussolini s Roman Empire by Mack Smith Penguin ed 1979 first published in 1976 Mussolini Benito 1935 The Doctrine of Fascism Florence Vallecchi Editore Mussolini Benito 1935 Fascism Doctrine and Institutions Rome Ardita Publishers Translation of the 1932 Enciclopedia Italiana essay Doctrines by Mussolini This translation is by Mr I S Munro from Fascism to World Power Alexander Maclehose London 1933 It is part of a 1984 compilation book Readings on Fascism and National Socialism Swallow Press Athens Ohio 1984 1 Schnapp Jeffrey T Sears Olivia E Stampino Maria G 2000 A Primer of Italian Fascism University of Nebraska Press ISBN 9780803292680 My Autobiography Book by Benito Mussolini Charles Scribner s Sons 1928 2 External links EditThe Doctrine of Fascism by Benito Mussolini Complete text of the essay Dottrina Doctrines A translation of the Benito Mussolini Doctrines section of the Fascism entry in the 1932 edition of the Enciclopedia Italiana From the publication Fascism Doctrine and Institutions by Benito Mussolini 1935 Ardita Publishers Rome Footnote numbers inserted in the text and a footnote appendix both not found in the 1932 encyclopedia article are found in this 1935 publication The footnotes contain excerpts from his speeches Authorized translation of Mussolini s The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism 1933 Italian text What is Fascism Quotes from Mussolini and Hitler English Includes a few excerpts from another translation into English of the Mussolini essay on Doctrines in the 1932 edition of the Enciclopedia Italiana From The Doctrine of Fascism by Benito Mussolini 1935 Firenze Vallecchi Editore 2 Mussolini autobiographies in one book English Searchable Click on the result titled My Rise and Fall usually the top result Then use the search form in the left column titled search within this book Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title The Doctrine of Fascism amp oldid 1130529112, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
