A tedder (also called hay tedder) is a machine used in haymaking. It is used after cutting and before windrowing, and uses moving forks to aerate or "wuffle" the hay and thus speed drying before baling or rolling. The use of a tedder allows the hay to dry ("cure") better, which prevents mildew or fermentation.[1]
There are few implements that give more general satisfaction in use or that are simpler in construction and operation than the hay tedder.
Robert L. Ardrey, American Agricultural Implements[2]
The tedder came into use in the second half of the nineteenth century.[3] While Charles Wendel claims in his Encyclopedia of American farm implements & antiques that the machine wasn't introduced to the United States until the 1880s,[4] there are enough indications that the tedder was in use in the 1860s—The New York Times reports on its efficacy in 1868,[5] and in that same year the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture in Maine comments on the American-made Hubbard's hay tedder, which had been on the market since 1863; according to the Maine report, in 1859 the machine was "an implement lately imported from England."[6]
The action of the tedder is described, in the late 19th and early 20th century, as being used to "stir"[7] or "scatter"[8] cut hay in the field.
Operation
A hay tedder, similar to a standard American model of the early 20th century, with tines shaped like pitchfork ends[9]
The original tedder is a farm tool on two wheels pulled by a horse; the rotation of the axle drives a gear which operates a "number of arms with wire tines or fingers at the lower ends."[9] The tines pick up the hay and disperse it; usually, the height at which the tines pick up the hay can be adjusted.
In an early, simple hay tedder described in 1852 and manufactured in Edinburgh by the company of Mr. Slight, the two wheels, via a spur wheel and a pinion, drive a set of light wheels, the "rake wheels"; on these two rake wheels are mounted eight rakes, which pick up and disperse the hay.[10] A later "English hay-tedder" uses two separate cylinders with rotating forks that can be reversed to lay the hay down lightly for improved exposure to air.[11]
American machines, such as those made by companies such as Garfield, Mudgett, and Bullard (Ezekiel W. Bullard of Barre, Massachusetts, is credited in one source with the invention of the machine, nicknamed "the grasshopper"),[12] typically used a system with a revolving crank in the middle of the arm and a lever at the upper end,[9] or a system whereby rotating wheels moved the forks up and down.[13] The first tedder widely available on the American market was the already mentioned Bullard's Hay Tedder, which had forks moving up and down on a compound crank, working in a motion described as "the energetic scratching of a hen." The American Hay Tedder, made by the Ames Plow Company of Boston and described in 1869 as a "new machine, remarkable for its simplicity and perfection of working, was more like the British machine in its rotational operation.[14]
Some tedders have the rotating tines enclosed inside a solid structure to increase the force applied to the hay. Other similar machines included the Wuffler and the acrobat. The Wuffler shuffles the hay in a manner similar to the tedder.[15] The acrobat may be used also for turning, and for rowing hay up ready for baling.[16]
Tractor with rotary tedder
Centrifugal rakes
On two opposing horizontal gyroscopes, which are pto-driven, are mounted obliquely downward standing tines. These refer to the green waste and throw it back. Due to the rear-mounted collecting baskets a windrowing is as possible with a Rake. Their distribution is low because of the limited job performance.[17]
Use and importance
A modern tedder
Its development was of great importance to agriculture, since it saved labor and thus money:[18] using a tedder, one person and one draft animal could do as much work as fifteen manual laborers.[19] It also resulted in greater economy, since cut grass could be turned into hay the same day[20] even if it had become wet or been trampled by horses [21] and before its nutritional value could be reduced by repeated soaking from rain. Especially in humid areas (such as the Eastern United States), the invention of the tedder added greatly to improved hay production from such crops as alfalfa[22] and clover,[1][23] and allowed for haying while the grass was still green[5] which produced hay of much higher value.[6]
^ abBailey, Liberty Hyde, ed. (1907). Cyclopedia of American Agriculture: Farms. Macmillan. pp. 205–206.
^Ardrey, Robert L. (1894). American agricultural implements: a review of invention and development in the agricultural implement industry of the United States. Chicago: Robert L. Ardrey. p. 98.
^Walker, Joseph B. (October 1887). "The Progress of New England Agriculture During the Last Thirty Years". New Englander and Yale Review. 47: 233–44. Retrieved 2009-09-13. p. 239.
^Wender, Charles H. (2004). Encyclopedia of American farm implements & antiques. Krause. p. 257. ISBN978-0-87349-568-4.
^ ab"The Hay Crop and the Haying Season" (PDF). The New York Times. 1868-06-26. Retrieved 2009-09-13.
^ abAgriculture of Maine: Annual Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Augusta: Maine Dept. of Agriculture. 1868. pp. 236–38.
^Knight, Edward Henry (1884). Knight's new mechanical dictionary: A description of tools, instruments, machines, processes, and engineering. With indexical references to technical journals (1876–1880.). Houghton, Mifflin and company. p. 449.
^Mr. George Clark of Higganum, speaking before the Connecticut State Board of Agriculture in December 1903, insisted that the tedder is a heaping machine rather than a spreading machine. Connecticut State Board of Agriculture (1904). Annual report of the secretary of the Connecticut State Board of Agriculture, Volume 37. Press of Case, Lockwood and Co. p. 147.
^ abcDavidson, Jay Brownlee; Leon Wilson Chase (1908). Farm machinery and farm motors. New York: Orange Judd. pp. 174–75.
^Stephens, Henry (1852). The Book of the Farm, Volume 2. Edinburgh and London: W. Blackwood. pp. 228–29.
^Knight, Edward Henry (1881). Knight's American mechanical dictionary: A description of tools, instruments, machines, processes, and engineering; history of inventions; general technological vocabulary; and digest of mechanical appliances in science and the arts, Volume 3. Houghton, Osgood and company. pp. 2503–2504.
^Pierce, Frederick Clifton (1899). Foster genealogy, Part 2. Chicago: W.B. Conkey. p. 755.
^Flint, Charles Louis (1892). American farming and stock raising: with useful facts for the household, devoted to farming in all its departments. New York: Casselberry. pp. 240–41.
^Thomas, John Jacob (1869). Farm implements and farm machinery, and the principles of their construction and use: with simple and practical explanations of the laws of motion and force as applied on the farm. New York: Orange Judd. pp. 165–66.
^"David Brown 995, Bamford Wuffler. Summer 2013". Archived from the original on 2021-12-21 – via www.youtube.com.
^"Bukh 452 Super Raking Straw w/ Vicon Acrobat Hayturner | Old Timers | DK Agriculture". Archived from the original on 2021-12-21 – via www.youtube.com.
^. www.hoftechnik.at. Archived from the original on 2015-05-22.
^Allen, Richard Lamb (1869). New American farm book. New York: Orange Judd. pp. 127–28.
^"Agriculture, sec. 14: Haymaking". Encyclopedia. R.S. Peale. 1890. p. 379. Available online.
^Hunter, Robert; John Alfred Williams; Sidney John Hervon Heritage (1897). The Supplementary Cyclopedia of Universal Knowledge; supplement to The American encyclopaedic dictionary: a work of reference to the English language defining over 250,000 words. Chicago and New York: R.S. Peale and J.A. Hill. p. 18.
^Sanford, Albert Hart (1916). The story of agriculture in the United States. D.C. Heath. pp. 252–53. See also the entry "American Farm Implements" in Beach, Frederick Converse; George Edwin Rines (1912). The Americana: a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc., of the world, Volume 1. Scientific American compiling department. pp. 283–86.
^Kansas State Board of Agriculture (1894). Report of the Kansas State Board of Agriculture. Topeka: Edwin H. Snow. p. 37.
^Michigan State Board of Agriculture (1868). Report of the secretary, Volume 7. Lansing: John A. Kerr. p. 223.
External links
Media related to Hay tedders at Wikimedia Commons
January 06, 2023
tedder, machine, tedder, also, called, tedder, machine, used, haymaking, used, after, cutting, before, windrowing, uses, moving, forks, aerate, wuffle, thus, speed, drying, before, baling, rolling, tedder, allows, cure, better, which, prevents, mildew, ferment. A tedder also called hay tedder is a machine used in haymaking It is used after cutting and before windrowing and uses moving forks to aerate or wuffle the hay and thus speed drying before baling or rolling The use of a tedder allows the hay to dry cure better which prevents mildew or fermentation 1 A Molon belt rake tedder tedding hay Contents 1 History 2 Operation 2 1 Centrifugal rakes 3 Use and importance 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksHistory Edit A retired hay tedder There are few implements that give more general satisfaction in use or that are simpler in construction and operation than the hay tedder Robert L Ardrey American Agricultural Implements 2 The tedder came into use in the second half of the nineteenth century 3 While Charles Wendel claims in his Encyclopedia of American farm implements amp antiques that the machine wasn t introduced to the United States until the 1880s 4 there are enough indications that the tedder was in use in the 1860s The New York Times reports on its efficacy in 1868 5 and in that same year the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture in Maine comments on the American made Hubbard s hay tedder which had been on the market since 1863 according to the Maine report in 1859 the machine was an implement lately imported from England 6 The action of the tedder is described in the late 19th and early 20th century as being used to stir 7 or scatter 8 cut hay in the field Operation Edit A hay tedder similar to a standard American model of the early 20th century with tines shaped like pitchfork ends 9 A Bamford Wuffler The original tedder is a farm tool on two wheels pulled by a horse the rotation of the axle drives a gear which operates a number of arms with wire tines or fingers at the lower ends 9 The tines pick up the hay and disperse it usually the height at which the tines pick up the hay can be adjusted In an early simple hay tedder described in 1852 and manufactured in Edinburgh by the company of Mr Slight the two wheels via a spur wheel and a pinion drive a set of light wheels the rake wheels on these two rake wheels are mounted eight rakes which pick up and disperse the hay 10 A later English hay tedder uses two separate cylinders with rotating forks that can be reversed to lay the hay down lightly for improved exposure to air 11 American machines such as those made by companies such as Garfield Mudgett and Bullard Ezekiel W Bullard of Barre Massachusetts is credited in one source with the invention of the machine nicknamed the grasshopper 12 typically used a system with a revolving crank in the middle of the arm and a lever at the upper end 9 or a system whereby rotating wheels moved the forks up and down 13 The first tedder widely available on the American market was the already mentioned Bullard s Hay Tedder which had forks moving up and down on a compound crank working in a motion described as the energetic scratching of a hen The American Hay Tedder made by the Ames Plow Company of Boston and described in 1869 as a new machine remarkable for its simplicity and perfection of working was more like the British machine in its rotational operation 14 Some tedders have the rotating tines enclosed inside a solid structure to increase the force applied to the hay Other similar machines included the Wuffler and the acrobat The Wuffler shuffles the hay in a manner similar to the tedder 15 The acrobat may be used also for turning and for rowing hay up ready for baling 16 Tractor with rotary tedder Centrifugal rakes Edit On two opposing horizontal gyroscopes which are pto driven are mounted obliquely downward standing tines These refer to the green waste and throw it back Due to the rear mounted collecting baskets a windrowing is as possible with a Rake Their distribution is low because of the limited job performance 17 Use and importance Edit A modern tedder Its development was of great importance to agriculture since it saved labor and thus money 18 using a tedder one person and one draft animal could do as much work as fifteen manual laborers 19 It also resulted in greater economy since cut grass could be turned into hay the same day 20 even if it had become wet or been trampled by horses 21 and before its nutritional value could be reduced by repeated soaking from rain Especially in humid areas such as the Eastern United States the invention of the tedder added greatly to improved hay production from such crops as alfalfa 22 and clover 1 23 and allowed for haying while the grass was still green 5 which produced hay of much higher value 6 See also EditList of agricultural machineryReferences Edit a b Bailey Liberty Hyde ed 1907 Cyclopedia of American Agriculture Farms Macmillan pp 205 206 Ardrey Robert L 1894 American agricultural implements a review of invention and development in the agricultural implement industry of the United States Chicago Robert L Ardrey p 98 Walker Joseph B October 1887 The Progress of New England Agriculture During the Last Thirty Years New Englander and Yale Review 47 233 44 Retrieved 2009 09 13 p 239 Wender Charles H 2004 Encyclopedia of American farm implements amp antiques Krause p 257 ISBN 978 0 87349 568 4 a b The Hay Crop and the Haying Season PDF The New York Times 1868 06 26 Retrieved 2009 09 13 a b Agriculture of Maine Annual Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture Augusta Maine Dept of Agriculture 1868 pp 236 38 Knight Edward Henry 1884 Knight s new mechanical dictionary A description of tools instruments machines processes and engineering With indexical references to technical journals 1876 1880 Houghton Mifflin and company p 449 Mr George Clark of Higganum speaking before the Connecticut State Board of Agriculture in December 1903 insisted that the tedder is a heaping machine rather than a spreading machine Connecticut State Board of Agriculture 1904 Annual report of the secretary of the Connecticut State Board of Agriculture Volume 37 Press of Case Lockwood and Co p 147 a b c Davidson Jay Brownlee Leon Wilson Chase 1908 Farm machinery and farm motors New York Orange Judd pp 174 75 Stephens Henry 1852 The Book of the Farm Volume 2 Edinburgh and London W Blackwood pp 228 29 Knight Edward Henry 1881 Knight s American mechanical dictionary A description of tools instruments machines processes and engineering history of inventions general technological vocabulary and digest of mechanical appliances in science and the arts Volume 3 Houghton Osgood and company pp 2503 2504 Pierce Frederick Clifton 1899 Foster genealogy Part 2 Chicago W B Conkey p 755 Flint Charles Louis 1892 American farming and stock raising with useful facts for the household devoted to farming in all its departments New York Casselberry pp 240 41 Thomas John Jacob 1869 Farm implements and farm machinery and the principles of their construction and use with simple and practical explanations of the laws of motion and force as applied on the farm New York Orange Judd pp 165 66 David Brown 995 Bamford Wuffler Summer 2013 Archived from the original on 2021 12 21 via www youtube com Bukh 452 Super Raking Straw w Vicon Acrobat Hayturner Old Timers DK Agriculture Archived from the original on 2021 12 21 via www youtube com Zetten Heuwender Kreiselheuer hoftechnik at www hoftechnik at Archived from the original on 2015 05 22 Allen Richard Lamb 1869 New American farm book New York Orange Judd pp 127 28 Agriculture sec 14 Haymaking Encyclopedia R S Peale 1890 p 379 Available online Hunter Robert John Alfred Williams Sidney John Hervon Heritage 1897 The Supplementary Cyclopedia of Universal Knowledge supplement to The American encyclopaedic dictionary a work of reference to the English language defining over 250 000 words Chicago and New York R S Peale and J A Hill p 18 Sanford Albert Hart 1916 The story of agriculture in the United States D C Heath pp 252 53 See also the entry American Farm Implements in Beach Frederick Converse George Edwin Rines 1912 The Americana a universal reference library comprising the arts and sciences literature history biography geography commerce etc of the world Volume 1 Scientific American compiling department pp 283 86 Kansas State Board of Agriculture 1894 Report of the Kansas State Board of Agriculture Topeka Edwin H Snow p 37 Michigan State Board of Agriculture 1868 Report of the secretary Volume 7 Lansing John A Kerr p 223 External links Edit Media related to Hay tedders at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tedder machine amp oldid 1089728157, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
