Two subspecies of the tawny-bellied hermit are recognized, the nominate P. s. syrmatophorus (Gould, 1852) and P. s. columbianus (Boucard, 1891).[3] Two others have been proposed, P. s. berlepschi and P. s. huallagae. The former was based on a specimen of an immature nominate and the latter cannot be distinguished from the nominate.[4]
The tawny-bellied hermit is about 14 cm (5.5 in) long and weighs 5 to 7 g (0.18 to 0.25 oz). This medium-sized hermit's upperparts are olive green, and males have reddish-orange uppertail coverts. The central tail feathers of both sexes are long and white and the rest are dark with bright orange ends. The nominate subspecies has an orange throat, belly, and undertail coverts; the throat and chest of P. s. columbianus are dark brown. Both sexes have an obviously decurved bill with the female's being more curved than the male's.[4]
Distribution and habitatedit
The nominate subspecies of tawny-bellied hermit is found in the Western Andes of Colombia (including the valleys of the Cauca and Patía rivers) and locally south on the western Andean slope through Ecuador to western Loja Province. P. s. columbianus is found in the Central and Eastern Andes of Colombia (including the southern Magdalena River valley) and south on the Andes' eastern slope through Ecuador to northern Peru's San Martín Department. It principally inhabits the understory of humid montane forest but is also found at forest edges and in dense secondary forest. In elevation it mostly ranges between 1,000 and 2,300 m (3,300 and 7,500 ft) though it has been recorded as low as 750 m (2,500 ft) and as high as 3,100 m (10,000 ft).[4] The white-whiskered hermit (P. yaruqui) replaces it in similar habitats below 1,000 m (3,300 ft).[5]
Behavioredit
Movementedit
The tawny-bellied hermit is believed to be sedentary.[4]
Feedingedit
The tawny-bellied hermit is a "trap-line" feeder like other hermit hummingbirds, visiting a circuit of a wide variety of flowering plants for nectar. It also consumes small arthropods.[4]
Breedingedit
The tawny-bellied hermit's breeding seasons across its range have not been determined in detail but seem to be in the March to August window and possibly also in December. The nest is a cone-shaped cup constructed of leaves and vegetable fibers bound with spider silk and suspended from the underside tip of a drooping leaf. The clutch size is two eggs.[4]
Songs and calls
Listen to tawny-bellied hermit on xeno-canto
Vocalizationedit
The tawny-bellied hermit's song is "a continuous series of single, high-pitched, almost insect-like 'tsi' calls". Several males often sing at a lek. The species also gives flight calls of "an upslurred 'peeet!'" and "a soft 'stip'".[4]
Statusedit
The IUCN has assessed the tawny-bellied hermit as being of Least Concern, though its population size is unknown and believed to be decreasing.[1] It is found in some protected areas, but "[h]abitat loss may be a severe threat in the future."[4]
Referencesedit
^ abBirdLife International (2016). "Tawny-bellied Hermit Phaethornis syrmatophorus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22686937A93132216. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22686937A93132216.en. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
^ abGill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (July 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.2)". Retrieved July 14, 2021.
^ abcdefghHinkelmann, C. and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Tawny-bellied Hermit (Phaethornis syrmatophorus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.tabher1.01 retrieved December 7, 2021
^Morse, Douglass H. (1975). "Year-Round Attendance of White-Whiskered and Little Hermits, Phaethornis Spp. at Singing Assemblies in Colombia". Ibis. 117 (3): 382–384. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1975.tb04227.x. ISSN 1474-919X.
December 20, 2023
tawny, bellied, hermit, tawny, bellied, hermit, phaethornis, syrmatophorus, species, hummingbird, family, trochilidae, found, colombia, ecuador, peru, conservation, statusleast, concern, iucn, cites, appendix, cites, scientific, classificationdomain, eukaryota. The tawny bellied hermit Phaethornis syrmatophorus is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae It is found in Colombia Ecuador and Peru 3 Tawny bellied hermitConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 CITES Appendix II CITES 2 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesClade StrisoresOrder ApodiformesFamily TrochilidaeGenus PhaethornisSpecies P syrmatophorusBinomial namePhaethornis syrmatophorusGould 1852 Contents 1 Taxonomy and systematics 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behavior 4 1 Movement 4 2 Feeding 4 3 Breeding 4 4 Vocalization 5 Status 6 ReferencesTaxonomy and systematics editTwo subspecies of the tawny bellied hermit are recognized the nominate P s syrmatophorus Gould 1852 and P s columbianus Boucard 1891 3 Two others have been proposed P s berlepschi and P s huallagae The former was based on a specimen of an immature nominate and the latter cannot be distinguished from the nominate 4 nbsp Tawny bellied hermit in the Bellavista Cloud Forest Reserve EcuadorDescription editThe tawny bellied hermit is about 14 cm 5 5 in long and weighs 5 to 7 g 0 18 to 0 25 oz This medium sized hermit s upperparts are olive green and males have reddish orange uppertail coverts The central tail feathers of both sexes are long and white and the rest are dark with bright orange ends The nominate subspecies has an orange throat belly and undertail coverts the throat and chest of P s columbianus are dark brown Both sexes have an obviously decurved bill with the female s being more curved than the male s 4 Distribution and habitat editThe nominate subspecies of tawny bellied hermit is found in the Western Andes of Colombia including the valleys of the Cauca and Patia rivers and locally south on the western Andean slope through Ecuador to western Loja Province P s columbianus is found in the Central and Eastern Andes of Colombia including the southern Magdalena River valley and south on the Andes eastern slope through Ecuador to northern Peru s San Martin Department It principally inhabits the understory of humid montane forest but is also found at forest edges and in dense secondary forest In elevation it mostly ranges between 1 000 and 2 300 m 3 300 and 7 500 ft though it has been recorded as low as 750 m 2 500 ft and as high as 3 100 m 10 000 ft 4 The white whiskered hermit P yaruqui replaces it in similar habitats below 1 000 m 3 300 ft 5 Behavior editMovement edit The tawny bellied hermit is believed to be sedentary 4 Feeding edit The tawny bellied hermit is a trap line feeder like other hermit hummingbirds visiting a circuit of a wide variety of flowering plants for nectar It also consumes small arthropods 4 Breeding edit The tawny bellied hermit s breeding seasons across its range have not been determined in detail but seem to be in the March to August window and possibly also in December The nest is a cone shaped cup constructed of leaves and vegetable fibers bound with spider silk and suspended from the underside tip of a drooping leaf The clutch size is two eggs 4 nbsp Songs and callsListen to tawny bellied hermit on xeno canto Vocalization edit The tawny bellied hermit s song is a continuous series of single high pitched almost insect like tsi calls Several males often sing at a lek The species also gives flight calls of an upslurred peeet and a soft stip 4 Status editThe IUCN has assessed the tawny bellied hermit as being of Least Concern though its population size is unknown and believed to be decreasing 1 It is found in some protected areas but h abitat loss may be a severe threat in the future 4 References edit a b BirdLife International 2016 Tawny bellied Hermit Phaethornis syrmatophorus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T22686937A93132216 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 3 RLTS T22686937A93132216 en Retrieved 7 December 2021 Appendices CITES cites org Retrieved 2022 01 14 a b Gill F Donsker D Rasmussen P July 2021 IOC World Bird List v 11 2 Retrieved July 14 2021 a b c d e f g h Hinkelmann C and P F D Boesman 2020 Tawny bellied Hermit Phaethornis syrmatophorus version 1 0 In Birds of the World J del Hoyo A Elliott J Sargatal D A Christie and E de Juana Editors Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca NY USA https doi org 10 2173 bow tabher1 01 retrieved December 7 2021 Morse Douglass H 1975 Year Round Attendance of White Whiskered and Little Hermits Phaethornis Spp at Singing Assemblies in Colombia Ibis 117 3 382 384 doi 10 1111 j 1474 919X 1975 tb04227 x ISSN 1474 919X Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tawny bellied hermit amp oldid 1169863960, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
