The Tarot de Besançon, also called the Besançon Tarot,[1] describes an historical type of Tarot pack used for playing card games that was made in south Germany, France and Switzerland, including the town of Besançon.[2]
The Fool in the Besançon pack by Renault (c. 1820)
The Tarot de Besançon was derived from the older forms of the Marseille type, compared with which it portrays characteristic differences. The earliest cards of this pattern came from Constance in the late 17th century. During the mid-18th century other sources of manufacture incldued Strasbourg and Mannheim, but the majority were manufactured in Switzerland. The packs take their name from the eastern French town of Besançon, to which the cardmakers moved their production in the early 19th century. Many of the card made there were, however, exported to Switzerland.[2]
The Tarot de Besançon was superseded in the early 19th century by French-suited tarot packs. The Swiss Tarot pattern, which emerged in Diessenhofen around 1860, was derived from the Tarot de Besançon.[2]
Descriptionedit
Typical of card packs of the Besançon type is that the cards traditionally depicting the Papess and the Pope were redesigned to portray the Roman gods, Juno and Jupiter. It is assumed that this renaming took place in order to avoid upsetting religious sensitivities in an area of distribution marked by confessional contrasts.
Other features of the Besançon type compared with the Marseille Tarot are:
Cupid is aiming at the eyes of the lovers.
The face of the Moon appears head on and not in profile.
The world is not depicted dancing, but standing in contrapost.
Known manufacturers of card packs of this type are:
The Besançon Tarot includes the Tarot 1JJ, which forms its own sub-type (see details in that article), and the Tarot d’Épinal, which also has specific variations in design. It was manufactured around 1830 or 1850 by the cardmaker, Pellerin, in Épinal, the wood engraving comes from François Georgin (1801–1863). Among the features are an additional card with the title, Consultant, which was clearly used as a Significator, which is why it may be assumed that the cards were also used for divinatory purposes and not, like other packs of this type at that time, used exclusively for playing cards.
The pictures below, showing the 22 trump cards, come from a pack with coloured wood carvings produced by Renault from Besançon around 1820–1830. The pack is based on a c. 1800 design by Jean Jerger, also from Besançon.
The Fool
The Magician
Juno
The Lady
The Lord
Jupiter
The Lovers
The Wagon
Justice
The Hermit
The Wheel of Fortune
Power
The Hanged Man
Death
Moderation
The Devil
The Tower
The Star
The Moon
The Sun
Judgement
The World
Referencesedit
^Besançon Tarot by Jacob Jerger at wopc.co.uk. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
^ abcdefghijklmnPattern Sheet 6 - The Tarot de Besançon at the IPCS website. Retrieved 9 Jun 2019.
^Giordano Berti, "Tarot of Besançon of Josef Rauch Miller", in Tarot in German countries from the 16th to the 18th century, OM Edizioni, Quarto Inferiore 2018, pp. 23-25
Literatureedit
Dummett, Sir Michael (1980). The Game of Tarot: From Ferrara to Salt Lake City. London: Duckworth.
Graf, Eckhard (1991). Lexikon des Tarot sowie der Orakel- und Selbsterfahrungsspiele. Nagelschmid, Stuttgart 1991, ISBN3-927913-03-0.
Mann, Sylvia (1990). All Cards on the Table, Jonas Verlag/Deutsches Spielkarten-Museum, Leinfelden-Echterdingen
Rodik, Belinda (2008) Tarot-Lexikon. Grundbegriffe und Schlüsselworte zu Symbolik und Deutung. Schirmer, Darmstadt 2008, ISBN978-3-89767-612-1, pp 323–346.
January 01, 1970
tarot, besançon, also, called, besançon, tarot, describes, historical, type, tarot, pack, used, playing, card, games, that, made, south, germany, france, switzerland, including, town, besançon, fool, besançon, pack, renault, 1820, contents, history, descriptio. The Tarot de Besancon also called the Besancon Tarot 1 describes an historical type of Tarot pack used for playing card games that was made in south Germany France and Switzerland including the town of Besancon 2 The Fool in the Besancon pack by Renault c 1820 Contents 1 History 2 Description 3 References 4 LiteratureHistory editThe Tarot de Besancon was derived from the older forms of the Marseille type compared with which it portrays characteristic differences The earliest cards of this pattern came from Constance in the late 17th century During the mid 18th century other sources of manufacture incldued Strasbourg and Mannheim but the majority were manufactured in Switzerland The packs take their name from the eastern French town of Besancon to which the cardmakers moved their production in the early 19th century Many of the card made there were however exported to Switzerland 2 The Tarot de Besancon was superseded in the early 19th century by French suited tarot packs The Swiss Tarot pattern which emerged in Diessenhofen around 1860 was derived from the Tarot de Besancon 2 Description editTypical of card packs of the Besancon type is that the cards traditionally depicting the Papess and the Pope were redesigned to portray the Roman gods Juno and Jupiter It is assumed that this renaming took place in order to avoid upsetting religious sensitivities in an area of distribution marked by confessional contrasts Other features of the Besancon type compared with the Marseille Tarot are Cupid is aiming at the eyes of the lovers The face of the Moon appears head on and not in profile The world is not depicted dancing but standing in contrapost Known manufacturers of card packs of this type are Jean Baptiste Benois Suzanne Bernardin J Blanche Besancon 2 J H Blanck et Tschann Louis Carey Strasbourg 2 Andreas Benedict Gobl Arnoult Grimaud Francois Heri Jean Jerger Besancon 2 A Kirchner Besancon 2 Joseph Krebs Freiburg 2 L de Laboisse Strasbourg 2 Pierre Lachapele Nicolas Francois Laudier Strasbourg 2 Jean Pierre Laurent Arnoult Lequart Guillaume Mann Colmar 2 Johann Pelagius Mayer Constance 2 Renault Besancon 2 Bernhard Schaer Mumlisweil 2 Jean Tissot Wolfgang Weber Johannes Muller Schaffhousen Josef Rauch Miller Salzburg 3 The Besancon Tarot includes the Tarot 1JJ which forms its own sub type see details in that article and the Tarot d Epinal which also has specific variations in design It was manufactured around 1830 or 1850 by the cardmaker Pellerin in Epinal the wood engraving comes from Francois Georgin 1801 1863 Among the features are an additional card with the title Consultant which was clearly used as a Significator which is why it may be assumed that the cards were also used for divinatory purposes and not like other packs of this type at that time used exclusively for playing cards The pictures below showing the 22 trump cards come from a pack with coloured wood carvings produced by Renault from Besancon around 1820 1830 The pack is based on a c 1800 design by Jean Jerger also from Besancon nbsp The Fool nbsp The Magician nbsp Juno nbsp The Lady nbsp The Lord nbsp Jupiter nbsp The Lovers nbsp The Wagon nbsp Justice nbsp The Hermit nbsp The Wheel of Fortune nbsp Power nbsp The Hanged Man nbsp Death nbsp Moderation nbsp The Devil nbsp The Tower nbsp The Star nbsp The Moon nbsp The Sun nbsp Judgement nbsp The WorldReferences edit Besancon Tarot by Jacob Jerger at wopc co uk Retrieved 19 December 2023 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Pattern Sheet 6 The Tarot de Besancon at the IPCS website Retrieved 9 Jun 2019 Giordano Berti Tarot of Besancon of Josef Rauch Miller in Tarot in German countries from the 16th to the 18th century OM Edizioni Quarto Inferiore 2018 pp 23 25Literature editDummett Sir Michael 1980 The Game of Tarot From Ferrara to Salt Lake City London Duckworth Graf Eckhard 1991 Lexikon des Tarot sowie der Orakel und Selbsterfahrungsspiele Nagelschmid Stuttgart 1991 ISBN 3 927913 03 0 Mann Sylvia 1990 All Cards on the Table Jonas Verlag Deutsches Spielkarten Museum Leinfelden Echterdingen Rodik Belinda 2008 Tarot Lexikon Grundbegriffe und Schlusselworte zu Symbolik und Deutung Schirmer Darmstadt 2008 ISBN 978 3 89767 612 1 pp 323 346 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tarot de Besancon amp oldid 1190705187, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
