The Tarczyński and Stępniewki TS-1/34 Promyk was a Polish short span, high performance sailplane from the mid-1930s and was the first Polish sailplane equipped with flaps. Its construction was delayed by a financial crisis and its development terminated by World War II.
In the mid-1930s there was international interest in short span but high performance sailplanes,[1] because their ability to turn tightly would enable them to remain within narrow thermals. The GermanDarmstadt D-28 Windspiel, built in 1933, was an early example.[2] The structure of the later, experimental Promyk (Small Radius) was almost twice as heavy as that of the delicate Windspiel, though the span was slightly less. Otherwise known as the TS-1/34, its design was started in 1934 but construction in the ZASPL workshops in Lwów was delayed by a financial crisis in Poland between 1935 and 1936 which led to a government clampdown on prototype building. The delay gave Stępniewki the opportunity to make the Promyk the first Polish sailplane with flaps. It finally flew in the spring of 1937.[1]
The single-seat Promyk was an all-wood aircraft with a cantilever, one piece wing which was trapezoidal in plan out to rounded tips.[3] Sources differ somewhat on its construction: Cynk[1] describes it as a two spar structure, samolotypolskie[3] as having a single spar, assisted by an angled auxiliary strut. It was covered by a mixture of plywood and fabric. The camber-changingsplit flaps, inboard of the ailerons, had a maximum deflection of 40° and could act as airbrakes as well as increasing low speed lift.[1]
The wing was mounted over an oval-section, ply-covered semi-monocoque fuselage on a short faired pylon, ahead of which was an enclosed cockpit. A sprung landing skid ran under the forward fuselage; aft, the fuselage became slender before ending at an integral, ply-covered fin which carried a rounded, fabric-covered, balanced rudder. The Promyk had a one-piece, ply- and fabric-covered horizontal tail strut-mounted over the fuselage in front of the fin.[1]
Operational historyEdit
The Promyk was test flown at Lwów over the summer of 1937 by Zbigniew Żabski, after which it went to Warsaw for ITL airworthiness trials. Its general handling was praised and its ability to soar in low lift conditions highlighted. From the autumn of 1937 it was engaged in manoeuvrability research in an ITL-supported programme designed by Oleński and flown by him and Ciastula.
After this ended in 1939 the Promyk went to Bezmiechowa Górna, where it made some cross-country flights. Further development was prevented by the outbreak of World War II.[1]
^ abcdefgCynk, Jerzy (1971). Polish Aircraft 1893-1939. London: Putnam Publishing. p. 702-3. ISBN0 370 00085 4.
^Simons, Martin (2006). Sailplanes 1920-1945 (2nd revised ed.). Königswinter: EQIP Werbung & Verlag GmbH. pp. 82–4. ISBN3 9806773 4 6.
^ abcde"TS-1/34 "Promyk" (TS-2), 1937". Retrieved 22 October 2018.
August 28, 2023
tarczyński, stępniewki, promyk, polish, short, span, high, performance, sailplane, from, 1930s, first, polish, sailplane, equipped, with, flaps, construction, delayed, financial, crisis, development, terminated, world, promykrole, experimental, high, performan. The Tarczynski and Stepniewki TS 1 34 Promyk was a Polish short span high performance sailplane from the mid 1930s and was the first Polish sailplane equipped with flaps Its construction was delayed by a financial crisis and its development terminated by World War II TS 1 34 PromykRole Experimental high performance sailplaneNational origin PolandManufacturer ZASPLDesigner Tadeusz Tarczynski and Wieslaw StepniewkiFirst flight Spring 1937Number built 1 Contents 1 Design and development 2 Operational history 3 Specifications 4 ReferencesDesign and development EditIn the mid 1930s there was international interest in short span but high performance sailplanes 1 because their ability to turn tightly would enable them to remain within narrow thermals The German Darmstadt D 28 Windspiel built in 1933 was an early example 2 The structure of the later experimental Promyk Small Radius was almost twice as heavy as that of the delicate Windspiel though the span was slightly less Otherwise known as the TS 1 34 its design was started in 1934 but construction in the ZASPL workshops in Lwow was delayed by a financial crisis in Poland between 1935 and 1936 which led to a government clampdown on prototype building The delay gave Stepniewki the opportunity to make the Promyk the first Polish sailplane with flaps It finally flew in the spring of 1937 1 The single seat Promyk was an all wood aircraft with a cantilever one piece wing which was trapezoidal in plan out to rounded tips 3 Sources differ somewhat on its construction Cynk 1 describes it as a two spar structure samolotypolskie 3 as having a single spar assisted by an angled auxiliary strut It was covered by a mixture of plywood and fabric The camber changing split flaps inboard of the ailerons had a maximum deflection of 40 and could act as airbrakes as well as increasing low speed lift 1 The wing was mounted over an oval section ply covered semi monocoque fuselage on a short faired pylon ahead of which was an enclosed cockpit A sprung landing skid ran under the forward fuselage aft the fuselage became slender before ending at an integral ply covered fin which carried a rounded fabric covered balanced rudder The Promyk had a one piece ply and fabric covered horizontal tail strut mounted over the fuselage in front of the fin 1 Operational history EditThe Promyk was test flown at Lwow over the summer of 1937 by Zbigniew Zabski after which it went to Warsaw for ITL airworthiness trials Its general handling was praised and its ability to soar in low lift conditions highlighted From the autumn of 1937 it was engaged in manoeuvrability research in an ITL supported programme designed by Olenski and flown by him and Ciastula After this ended in 1939 the Promyk went to Bezmiechowa Gorna where it made some cross country flights Further development was prevented by the outbreak of World War II 1 Specifications EditData from J Cynk 1971 1 except where noted General characteristicsCrew One Length 6 35 m 20 ft 10 in Wingspan 11 8 m 38 ft 9 in Height 1 5 m 4 ft 11 in 3 Wing area 13 6 m2 146 sq ft Aspect ratio 10 3 Empty weight 105 kg 231 lb Gross weight 195 kg 430 lb Performance Maximum glide ratio 22 5 at 60 km h 37 mph 32 kn best Rate of sink 0 79 m s 156 ft min minimum at 55 km h 34 mph 30 kn 3 Minimum speed 42 km h 26 mph 23 kn 3 References Edit a b c d e f g Cynk Jerzy 1971 Polish Aircraft 1893 1939 London Putnam Publishing p 702 3 ISBN 0 370 00085 4 Simons Martin 2006 Sailplanes 1920 1945 2nd revised ed Konigswinter EQIP Werbung amp Verlag GmbH pp 82 4 ISBN 3 9806773 4 6 a b c d e TS 1 34 Promyk TS 2 1937 Retrieved 22 October 2018 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tarczynski and Stepniewki TS 1 34 Promyk amp oldid 1099328421, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
