The T-10 (also known as Object 730 or, IS-8) was a Soviet heavy tank of the Cold War, the final development of the IS tank series. During development, it was called IS-8 and IS-9. It was accepted into production in 1952 as the IS-10[citation needed] (Iosif Stalin, Russian form of Joseph Stalin), but due to the political climate in the wake of Stalin's death in 1953, it was renamed T-10.
The biggest differences from its direct ancestor, the IS-3, were a longer hull, seven pairs of road wheels instead of six, a larger turret mounting a new gun with fume extractor, an improved diesel engine, and increased armour. General performance was similar, although the T-10 could carry more ammunition, from 28 rounds to 30 rounds.
T-10s (like the IS tanks they replaced) were deployed in independent tank regiments belonging to armies, and independent tank battalions belonging to divisions. These independent tank units could be attached to mechanized units, to support infantry operations and perform breakthroughs.
The mobile nature of armoured warfare in World War II had demonstrated the drawbacks of the slow heavy tanks. In the final push towards Berlin, mechanized divisions had become widely split up as heavy tanks lagged behind the more mobile T-34s. The Soviets continued to produce heavy tanks for a few years as part of the Cold War arms race (compare the heavier U.S. M103 and British Conqueror), but the more flexible T-62 and T-64 tanks already had armour and armament comparable to the T-10's.
In the 1960s, the Soviets embraced the main battle tank (MBT) concept, by replacing heavy tanks with mobile medium tanks. In the late 1960s, the independent tank battalions with heavy tanks were re-equipped with the higher-technology T-64s, and later, the very fast T-80, while regular tank and mechanized units fielded the more basic T-55s and T-72s. T-10 production was stopped in 1966, and heavy tank projects were cancelled, such as the auto-loaded, 130 mm-armed Object 770.[1]
Antitank guided missiles (ATGMs) started to be deployed widely during this period, and would become an effective replacement for the heavy tanks' long-range firepower. The Soviets made use of them first on BMP-1 infantry fighting vehicles, and later on the T-64 and other MBTs. Eventually, lighter and more modern reactive or composite armor was used to give the MBTs a further edge in protection without slowing them down.
Name changes
The T-10 underwent a number of designation changes during its design process starting in 1944 and ending its acceptance into service as the T-10.[2]
Date
Designation
Notes
2 April 1946
Object 705A
ChKZ ordered to work on the Object 705A, a variant of the Object 705[2]
Accepted for service, redesignated the T-10[2] as part of a destalinization process.[3]
Production history
The T-10 served with the Soviet Union but was not known to have been provided to Warsaw Pact nations, though Soviet heavy tank regiments stationed in those countries may have been equipped with them. Prior to 1962, T-10Ms were in simultaneous production by two factories (Kirov as Object 272 and Chelyabinsk as Object 734) whose parts were incompatible with those of the other; Kirov's version was standardized in 1962.[5]
Some Western sources claim that the T-10M was exported to countries such as China, Egypt, and Syria,[6] with Syria and Egypt using it in the Yom Kippur War to provide long-range support to the T-55 and T-62, with said sources claiming that the T-10s knocked out several M48 Pattons with none lost, indicating that the T-10 was used to some degree of combat success. However, the T-10 could have been mistaken for its near-identical counterpart, the IS-3. Heavy tanks were withdrawn from Soviet front-line service by 1967, and entirely removed from reserve service by 1996.[7]
It is estimated that some 6,000 Soviet heavy tanks were built after the end of World War II, of which 1,439 were T-10s.[8]
T-10A (1956): T-10 with an added single-plane gun stabilizer.
T-10B (1957): T-10 with an added 2-plane gun stabilizer.
T-10M (1957): Modernized version with longer M-62-T2 L/46 gun with five-baffle muzzle brake, 2-plane gun stabilizer, machine guns replaced with 14.5 mm KPVT (a better ballistic match for the new main gun), infrared night vision equipment, NBC protection. Overall length is 10.29 m.
1963 - T-10M is equipped with OPVT deep-wading snorkel.
1967 - T-10M is supplied with APDS and HEAT ammunition.
Object 266 (1950): Variant of the early IS-8 with a hydromechanical transmission. 1 built.[9]
Object 268 (1956): Proposed self-propelled gun on a T-10M hull. One prototype was produced, but never entered production.
Object 282: A missile-tank armed with 9M14 Malyutka rockets.
^M. V. Pavlov; I. V. Pavlov, Equipment and Armament, n.6 2008
^"Object 266 heavy tank". xn----7sbb5ahj4aiadq2m.xn--p1ai. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
Sources
Miller, David, The Illustrated Directory of Tanks of the World (Zenith Imprint Press, 2000) ISBN0-7603-0892-6
Perret, Bryan, Soviet Armour Since 1945, London:Blandford Press (1987), ISBN0-7137-1735-1
(English) M. V. Pavlov; I. V. Pavlov, "Domestic Armored Vehicles of the 1945-1965 biennium", Table 4 "Production of tanks in the 1945-1965 biennium", Equipment and Armament, n.6 2008 (June 2008)
(Original Russian) М. В. Павлов; И.В. Павлов, "Отечественные бронированные машины в 1945–1965 гг", Таблица 4 "Производство танков в 1945–1965 гг", Техника и вооружение, n.6 2008 (June 2008)
Sewell, Stephen ‘Cookie’, Why Three Tanks?, Armor, vol. 108, n 4 (July–August 1998), Fort Knox, KY: US Army Armor Center
Sewell, Stephen ‘Cookie’ (2002). “Red Star – White Elephant?” in Armor (July–August 2002), pp 26–32. Fort Knox, KY: US Army Armor Center
Kinnear, James; Sewell, Stephen 'Cookie' Soviet T-10 Heavy Tank and Variants (Osprey Publishing, 2017) ISBN978-1-4728-2051-8
Magnuski, Janusz. “Czołg Ciężki T-10” in Nowa Technika Wojskowa (August 1955).
Haskew, Michael. "Modern Tanks and Artillery (1945–Present): The World's Greatest Weapons (Amber Books, September 19, 2014) ISBN978-1-78274-205-0
External links
Last Heavy Tanks of the USSR - Heavy tanks and prototypes from IS-4 through T-10, at battlefield.ru.
January 20, 2023
tank, other, uses, disambiguation, also, known, object, soviet, heavy, tank, cold, final, development, tank, series, during, development, called, accepted, into, production, 1952, citation, needed, iosif, stalin, russian, form, joseph, stalin, political, clima. For other uses see T10 disambiguation The T 10 also known as Object 730 or IS 8 was a Soviet heavy tank of the Cold War the final development of the IS tank series During development it was called IS 8 and IS 9 It was accepted into production in 1952 as the IS 10 citation needed Iosif Stalin Russian form of Joseph Stalin but due to the political climate in the wake of Stalin s death in 1953 it was renamed T 10 T 10 Heavy TankT 10M at the National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the Second World War KyivTypeHeavy tankPlace of originSoviet UnionService historyIn service1953 present sources vary Used bySoviet UnionRussiaSouth OssetiaWarsCold War Invasion of CzechoslovakiaProduction historyDesignerJozef KotinDesigned1948 52ManufacturerFactory 185 Factory 174Produced1953 66No built1 439SpecificationsMass52 tonnesLength7 41 m 9 87 m over gunWidth3 56 mHeight2 43 mCrew4 Commander Radio Operator Gunner Loader Driver ArmourTurret T 10 A B 203mm 24 to 129mm 57 T 10M 230mm 24 to 137mm 57 Upper Glacis 120mm 55 amp 40 compound angle 273mm LoSLower Glacis 120mm 50 186mm LoSUpper Side 80mm 62 30mm 30 205mm LoSLower Side 80mm 10 Rear 60mm Mantlet 252mmMainarmament122mm D 25TA gun T 10M 122mm M 62 T2 gunSecondaryarmament2 12 7 DShKM machine gun T 10M 2 x 14 5 KPVT heavy machine gunEngine39 l 12 cyl diesel model V 2 IS700 hp 522 kW T 10M 750 hp 559 kW Power weight13 hp tonneSuspensionTorsion barOperationalrange250 km 150 milesMaximum speed42 km h 26 mph T 10M 50 km h 31 mph The biggest differences from its direct ancestor the IS 3 were a longer hull seven pairs of road wheels instead of six a larger turret mounting a new gun with fume extractor an improved diesel engine and increased armour General performance was similar although the T 10 could carry more ammunition from 28 rounds to 30 rounds T 10s like the IS tanks they replaced were deployed in independent tank regiments belonging to armies and independent tank battalions belonging to divisions These independent tank units could be attached to mechanized units to support infantry operations and perform breakthroughs Contents 1 Demise of Soviet heavy tanks 1 1 Name changes 2 Production history 2 1 Variants 3 Operators 4 See also 5 References 6 Sources 7 External linksDemise of Soviet heavy tanks EditThe mobile nature of armoured warfare in World War II had demonstrated the drawbacks of the slow heavy tanks In the final push towards Berlin mechanized divisions had become widely split up as heavy tanks lagged behind the more mobile T 34s The Soviets continued to produce heavy tanks for a few years as part of the Cold War arms race compare the heavier U S M103 and British Conqueror but the more flexible T 62 and T 64 tanks already had armour and armament comparable to the T 10 s In the 1960s the Soviets embraced the main battle tank MBT concept by replacing heavy tanks with mobile medium tanks In the late 1960s the independent tank battalions with heavy tanks were re equipped with the higher technology T 64s and later the very fast T 80 while regular tank and mechanized units fielded the more basic T 55s and T 72s T 10 production was stopped in 1966 and heavy tank projects were cancelled such as the auto loaded 130 mm armed Object 770 1 Antitank guided missiles ATGMs started to be deployed widely during this period and would become an effective replacement for the heavy tanks long range firepower The Soviets made use of them first on BMP 1 infantry fighting vehicles and later on the T 64 and other MBTs Eventually lighter and more modern reactive or composite armor was used to give the MBTs a further edge in protection without slowing them down Name changes Edit The T 10 underwent a number of designation changes during its design process starting in 1944 and ending its acceptance into service as the T 10 2 Date Designation Notes2 April 1946 Object 705A ChKZ ordered to work on the Object 705A a variant of the Object 705 2 11 April 1949 IS 5 or Object 730 Redesignated the IS 5 or Object 730 2 29 February 1953 IS 8 or Object 730 Redesignated due to a massive number of improvements to the prototype 2 IS 9 3 IS 10 4 28 November 1953 T 10 Accepted for service redesignated the T 10 2 as part of a destalinization process 3 Production history EditThe T 10 served with the Soviet Union but was not known to have been provided to Warsaw Pact nations though Soviet heavy tank regiments stationed in those countries may have been equipped with them Prior to 1962 T 10Ms were in simultaneous production by two factories Kirov as Object 272 and Chelyabinsk as Object 734 whose parts were incompatible with those of the other Kirov s version was standardized in 1962 5 Some Western sources claim that the T 10M was exported to countries such as China Egypt and Syria 6 with Syria and Egypt using it in the Yom Kippur War to provide long range support to the T 55 and T 62 with said sources claiming that the T 10s knocked out several M48 Pattons with none lost indicating that the T 10 was used to some degree of combat success However the T 10 could have been mistaken for its near identical counterpart the IS 3 Heavy tanks were withdrawn from Soviet front line service by 1967 and entirely removed from reserve service by 1996 7 It is estimated that some 6 000 Soviet heavy tanks were built after the end of World War II of which 1 439 were T 10s 8 Variants Edit T 10A in Kaharlyk Ukraine T 10 1952 T 10A 1956 T 10 with an added single plane gun stabilizer T 10B 1957 T 10 with an added 2 plane gun stabilizer T 10M 1957 Modernized version with longer M 62 T2 L 46 gun with five baffle muzzle brake 2 plane gun stabilizer machine guns replaced with 14 5 mm KPVT a better ballistic match for the new main gun infrared night vision equipment NBC protection Overall length is 10 29 m 1963 T 10M is equipped with OPVT deep wading snorkel 1967 T 10M is supplied with APDS and HEAT ammunition Object 266 1950 Variant of the early IS 8 with a hydromechanical transmission 1 built 9 Object 268 1956 Proposed self propelled gun on a T 10M hull One prototype was produced but never entered production Object 282 A missile tank armed with 9M14 Malyutka rockets Object 821 A launch platform for the RT 20P ICBM TES 3 A mobile nuclear power plant based on an elongated T 10 chassis Prototype only Operators EditFormer operators Russia Retired in 1996 South Ossetia Withdrawn from service in 1995 citation needed Soviet UnionSee also EditAMX 50 M103 heavy tank Conqueror tankReferences Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to T 10 Sewell 1998 p 21 a b c d e Kinnear James Sewell Stephen 29 June 2017 Soviet T 10 Heavy Tank and Variants Bloomsbury Publishing a b Gao Charlie 8 December 2018 Meet Stalin s Cold War Monster The T 10M Heavy Tank The National Interest Miller 2000 p 250 Sewell 1998 p 27 Miller p 251 Haskew 2014 p 17 M V Pavlov I V Pavlov Equipment and Armament n 6 2008 Object 266 heavy tank xn 7sbb5ahj4aiadq2m xn p1ai Retrieved 2022 09 28 Sources EditMiller David The Illustrated Directory of Tanks of the World Zenith Imprint Press 2000 ISBN 0 7603 0892 6 Perret Bryan Soviet Armour Since 1945 London Blandford Press 1987 ISBN 0 7137 1735 1 English M V Pavlov I V Pavlov Domestic Armored Vehicles of the 1945 1965 biennium Table 4 Production of tanks in the 1945 1965 biennium Equipment and Armament n 6 2008 June 2008 Original Russian M V Pavlov I V Pavlov Otechestvennye bronirovannye mashiny v 1945 1965 gg Tablica 4 Proizvodstvo tankov v 1945 1965 gg Tehnika i vooruzhenie n 6 2008 June 2008 Sewell Stephen Cookie Why Three Tanks Armor vol 108 n 4 July August 1998 Fort Knox KY US Army Armor Center Sewell Stephen Cookie 2002 Red Star White Elephant in Armor July August 2002 pp 26 32 Fort Knox KY US Army Armor Center Kinnear James Sewell Stephen Cookie Soviet T 10 Heavy Tank and Variants Osprey Publishing 2017 ISBN 978 1 4728 2051 8 Tucker Spencer Tanks An Illustrated History of Their Impact ABC CLIO 2004 ISBN 1 57607 995 3 ISBN 978 1 57607 995 9 Magnuski Janusz Czolg Ciezki T 10 in Nowa Technika Wojskowa August 1955 Haskew Michael Modern Tanks and Artillery 1945 Present The World s Greatest Weapons Amber Books September 19 2014 ISBN 978 1 78274 205 0External links EditLast Heavy Tanks of the USSR Heavy tanks and prototypes from IS 4 through T 10 at battlefield ru Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title T 10 tank amp oldid 1134576622, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
