Synostosis (plural: synostoses) is fusion of two or more bones. It can be normal in puberty, fusion of the epiphyseal plate to become the epiphyseal line, or abnormal. When synostosis is abnormal it is a type of dysostosis. Examples of synostoses include:
craniosynostosis – an abnormal fusion of two or more cranial bones;
radioulnar synostosis – the abnormal fusion of the radius and ulna bones of the forearm;
tarsal coalition – a failure to separately form all seven bones of the tarsus (the hind part of the foot) resulting in an amalgamation of two bones; and
syndactyly – the abnormal fusion of neighboring digits.
Radioulnar synostosis is one of the more common failures of separation of parts of the upper limb. There are two general types: one is characterized by fusion of the radius and ulna at their proximal borders and the other is fused distal to the proximal radial epiphysis. Most cases are sporadic, congenital (due to a defect in longitudinal segmentation at the 7th week of development) and less often post-traumatic, bilateral in 60%, and more common in males. Familial cases in association with autosomal dominant transmission appear to be concentrated in certain geographic regions, such as Sicily.
The condition frequently is not noted until late childhood, as function may be normal, especially in unilateral cases. Increased wrist motion may compensate for the absent forearm motion. It has been suggested that individuals whose forearms are fixed in greater amounts of pronation (over 60 degrees) face more problems with function than those with around 20 degrees of fixation. Pain is generally not a problem, unless radial head dislocation should occur.[1][2]
synostosis, plural, synostoses, fusion, more, bones, normal, puberty, fusion, epiphyseal, plate, become, epiphyseal, line, abnormal, when, synostosis, abnormal, type, dysostosis, examples, synostoses, include, craniosynostosis, abnormal, fusion, more, cranial,. Synostosis plural synostoses is fusion of two or more bones It can be normal in puberty fusion of the epiphyseal plate to become the epiphyseal line or abnormal When synostosis is abnormal it is a type of dysostosis Examples of synostoses include craniosynostosis an abnormal fusion of two or more cranial bones radioulnar synostosis the abnormal fusion of the radius and ulna bones of the forearm tarsal coalition a failure to separately form all seven bones of the tarsus the hind part of the foot resulting in an amalgamation of two bones and syndactyly the abnormal fusion of neighboring digits SynostosisX ray showing synostosis in the cervical spineIdentifiersMeSHD013580TA98A03 0 00 019TA21532FMA7499Anatomical terminology edit on Wikidata Synostosis within joints can cause ankylosis Contents 1 Clinical significance 2 References 3 External linksClinical significance editSee also Dysostosis Radioulnar synostosis is one of the more common failures of separation of parts of the upper limb There are two general types one is characterized by fusion of the radius and ulna at their proximal borders and the other is fused distal to the proximal radial epiphysis Most cases are sporadic congenital due to a defect in longitudinal segmentation at the 7th week of development and less often post traumatic bilateral in 60 and more common in males Familial cases in association with autosomal dominant transmission appear to be concentrated in certain geographic regions such as Sicily The condition frequently is not noted until late childhood as function may be normal especially in unilateral cases Increased wrist motion may compensate for the absent forearm motion It has been suggested that individuals whose forearms are fixed in greater amounts of pronation over 60 degrees face more problems with function than those with around 20 degrees of fixation Pain is generally not a problem unless radial head dislocation should occur 1 2 Most examples of radioulnar synostosis are isolated non syndromic Syndromes that may be accompanied by radioulnar synostosis include X chromosome polyploidy e g XXXY and other chromosome disorders e g 4p syndrome Williams syndrome acrofacial dysostosis Antley Bixler syndrome genitopatellar syndrome Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome hereditary multiple osteochondromas hereditary multiple exostoses limb body wall complex and Nievergelt syndrome Craniosynostosis from cranio cranium syn together ostosis relating to bone is a condition in which one or more of the fibrous sutures in an infant skull prematurely fuses by turning into bone ossification 3 circular reference Craniosynostosis has following kinds scaphocephaly trigonocephaly plagiocephaly anterior plagiocephaly posterior plagiocephaly brachycephaly oxycephaly pansynostosis References edit Radioulnar Synostosis wheelessonline com Retrieved 24 April 2015 Boston Childrens Hospital 2013 Conditions Treatments childrenshospital org Retrieved 24 April 2015 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link CraniosynostosisExternal links editSynostosis at the U S National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings MeSH Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Synostosis amp oldid 1040006466, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
