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Symphony No. 3 (Chávez)

January 01, 1970

The Symphony No. 3 by Carlos Chávez was composed in 1951–54 on a commission from Clare Boothe Luce, and is dedicated to the memory of her daughter, Anne Clare Brokaw.

Anfiteatro José Ángel Lamas, Caracas, where Chávez's Third Symphony was premiered

History edit

Chávez had evidently met former U.S. congresswoman, ambassador, publisher, playwright, and journalist Clare Boothe Luce in Florence at some point in the late 1940s. An unlikely friendship sprang up between them, which continued for nearly three decades. In February 1950 Luce came to Mexico City for a week of cultural exploration, and on 18 February 1950 wrote on a scrap of newspaper a commission for a musical work (initially envisioned as a piano concerto), "for Ann Clare Brokaw the most beautiful and sad and gay thing you ever wrote that has her lovely face and my broken heart in it". Brokaw, who had died as the result of an automobile accident in 1944 at the age of nineteen, was Mrs. Luce's only child, from her first marriage.[1]

Composition of the Third Symphony began in 1951, but was interrupted repeatedly. After completing the first movement and a large part of the second, Chávez fell ill. By the time he recovered, there were more urgent deadlines requiring Chávez to put the score aside in order to work on the Fourth and Fifth Symphonies, both of which were completed before the Third. In April 1954 Chávez resumed work, completing the piano score on 14 June and the full score by the end of the same month.[2][3] It was premiered in the Anfiteatro José Ángel Lamas in Caracas, Venezuela, by the Orquesta Sinfónica de Venezuela, conducted by the composer. According to Orbón,[4] this was on 9 December 1954, though others put the date at 11 December 1954.([5][6] It received further performances, in Europe in June 1955 at the I.S.C.M. Festival in Baden-Baden (in an orchestral concert conducted by Ernest Bour), in London with the London Symphony Orchestra conducted by Juan José Castro (29 November 1955), and in the United States, with the New York Philharmonic conducted by the composer (26 January 1956).[7][8][9][10] Thanks to the efforts of his friend Aaron Copland, Chávez was able to secure a contract with Boosey & Hawkes in 1955, and the Third Symphony was the first of his works published by that firm.[11]

Instrumentation edit

The symphony is scored for piccolo, two flutes, two oboes, cor anglais, E♭ clarinet, two clarinets, bass clarinet, three bassoons (third doubling contrabassoon), four horns, three trumpets, three trombones, tuba, timpani, percussion (three players), harp, and strings.

Analysis edit

The Third Symphony consists of four movements:

  1. Introduzione: Andante moderato
  2. Allegro
  3. Scherzo
  4. Finale

The opening movement introduces a number of thematic elements that will be developed throughout the symphony—a procedure known as cyclic form.[12] The character at the outset is dramatic and tense, recalling somewhat the "Greek" style of the Sinfonía de Antígona and the ballet La hija de Cólquide.[13] Later in the movement (at rehearsal-number 16), a jarring contrast is created when Chávez introduces a universally familiar five-note children's chant, a figure that is also found in a number of the composer's contemporaneous and earlier works—the Fourth Symphony, the choral works Tierra mojada and Llamadas, and the ballet Caballos de vapor—whose presence here may be explained by a hidden program connected to the terms of the Symphony's commission [14]

After the slow first movement, the fast tempo and sonata-allegro design of the second movement more closely resembles the traditional opening movement of a symphony. This Allegro is the main focus of the symphony because of the solidity of its formal structure and its greater length than the other movements.[15] To describe it as a sonata-allegro, however, refers to its character but not its form, which is both simple and original. Chávez replaces the usual exposition–development–recapitulation with two alternating sections, each of which occurs three times. Development occurs during the appearances of the second of these, through either the reappearance of motives from the first section, or the production from them of variants.[16]

Discography edit

  • The Six Symphonies of Carlos Chávez. Orquesta Sinfónica Nacional de México; Carlos Chávez, cond. 3-LP set (stereo). CBS Masterworks 32 31 0002 (32 11 0020, 32 11 0022, 32 11 0024). New York: CBS, 1967.
  • The Six Symphonies of Carlos Chávez. London Symphony Orchestra; Eduardo Mata, cond. 3-LP set (stereo). Vox Cum Laude 3D-VCL 9032. New York: Moss Music Group, 1983. Reissued on 2-CD set as Carlos Chávez: The Complete Symphonies. VoxBox2 CDX 5061. Hauppauge, NY: Moss Music Group, 1992. Partial reissue on CD: Carlos Chávez: Symphonies Nos. 1, 2 & 3. Vox Cum Laude MCD 10002. New York: Moss Music Group, 1983. This CD also reissued as Vox Unique VU 9020. Hackensack, New Jersey: Vox Unique, 1990.

References edit

  1. ^ Parker 1984, 48–49.
  2. ^ García Morillo 1960, 152–153.
  3. ^ Parker 1984, 65.
  4. ^ Orbón 1987c, 80.
  5. ^ García Morillo 1960, 153.
  6. ^ Weinstock 1959, 15.
  7. ^ Copland 1955, 10.
  8. ^ Mitchell 1956, 34.
  9. ^ Reizenstein 1955, 8.
  10. ^ Taubman 1956.
  11. ^ Parker 1987, 436–437.
  12. ^ Parker 1983, 73.
  13. ^ García Morillo 1960, 154–155.
  14. ^ Parker 1991, 160–164.
  15. ^ Parker 1983, 74.
  16. ^ Orbón 1987b, 89.

Sources

  • Copland, Aaron. 1954. "Festival in Caracas: Recent Venezuelan Event Was Devoted to Composers of Latin America". The New York Times (26 December): X9.
    • Reprinted as "Festival of Contemporary Latin American Music". Tempo, new series, no. 35 (Spring 1955): 4–5, 10.
  • García Morillo, Roberto. 1960. Carlos Chávez: Vida y obra. Tierra Firme. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica. ISBN 968-16-0222-6.
  • Mitchell, Donald. 1956. "London Music". The Musical Times 97, no. 1355 (January): 34–38.
  • Orbón, Julián. 1987b. "Las sinfonías de Carlos Chávez." (part 2). Pauta: Cuadernos de teoría y crítica musical 6, no. 22 (April–June): 81–91.
  • Orbón, Julián. 1987c. "Las sinfonías de Carlos Chávez." (part 3). Pauta: Cuadernos de teoría y crítica musical 6, no. 23 (July–September): 67–80.
  • Parker, Robert L. 1983. Carlos Chávez, Mexico's Modern-Day Orpheus. Twayne's Music Series. Boston: Twayne Publishers. ISBN 0-8057-9455-7.
  • Parker, Robert L. 1984. "Clare Boothe Luce, Carlos Chávez, and Sinfonía No. 3". Latin American Music Review / Revista de Música Latinoamericana 5, no. 1 (Spring–Summer): 48–65.
  • Parker, Robert. 1987. "Copland and Chávez: Brothers-in-Arms". American Music 5, no. 4 (Winter): 433–444.
  • Parker, Robert. 1991. "A Recurring Melodic Cell in the Music of Carlos Chávez". Latin American Music Review / Revista de Música Latinoamericana 12, no. 2 (Autumn–Winter): 160–172.
  • Reizenstein, Franz. 1955. "The I.S.C.M. Festival at Baden-Baden". Tempo, new series, no. 36 (Summer): 8–10.
  • Taubman, Howard. 1956. "Music: A New Work from Mexico: Carlos Chávez Directs His Third Symphony, Gina Bachauer Soloist with Philharmonic". The New York Times (27 January): 19.
  • Weinstock, Herbert. 1959. "About Carlos Chavez: Some Notes and Thoughts on an Unfinished Career". Tempo, new series, no. 51 (Spring–Summer): 13–15.

Further reading edit

  • Carpentier, Alejo. 1954a. "Balance del Festival (II)". El Nacional (Caracas) (15 December). Reprinted in Carpentier, Ese músico que llevo dentro, edited by Zoila Gómez, vol. 2: Musicologia, 222–224. Havana: Editorial Letras Cubanas, 1980.
  • Carpentier, Alejo. 1954b. "La 'Sinfonía núm. 3', de Carlos Chávez". El Nacional (Caracas) (18 December). Reprinted in Carpentier, Ese músico que llevo dentro, edited by Zoila Gómez, vol. 2: Musicologia, 103–105. Havana: Editorial Letras Cubanas, 1980.
  • Carpentier, Alejo. 1955. "El Festival de Baden-Baden". El Nacional (Caracas) (16 September). Reprinted in Carpentier, Ese músico que llevo dentro, edited by Zoila Gómez, vol. 2: Musicologia, 231–232. Havana: Editorial Letras Cubanas, 1980.
  • Chávez, Carlos. 1955. Sinfonía no. 3. London: Hawkes & Son.
  • Copland, Aaron. 1967. Letter to Carlos Chávez (28 July). "The Aaron Copland Collection ca. 1900–1990". The Library of Congress: American Memory website (Accessed 30 June 2012).
  • Cowell, Henry. 1956. "Current Chronicle: New York". The Musical Quarterly 42, no. 2 (April):240–244.
  • Orbón, Julián. 1987a. "Las sinfonías de Carlos Chávez." (part 1) Pauta: Cuadernos de teoría y crítica musical 6, no. 21 (January–March): 63–75. Reprinted as "Las sinfonías de Carlos Chávez" in: Julián Orbón. En la esencia de los estilos y otros ensayos, foreword by Julio Estrada, 148–158. Madrid: Editorial Colibrí, 2000. ISBN 84-923550-4-2.
  • Orbón, Julián. 2015. "Carlos Chávez's Symphonies", translated, introduced, and annotated by Leonora Saavedra. In Carlos Chávez and His World, edited by Leonora Saavedra, 62–75. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015. ISBN 978-0-691-16947-7 (cloth); ISBN 978-0-691-16948-4. Translated from the Spanish liner notes for Chávez: The Complete Symphonies, London Symphony Orchestra, Eduardo Mata (cond.). Peerless Records, 1982.
  • Parker, Robert. 2001. "Chávez (y Ramírez), Carlos (Antonio de Padua)". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan.
  • Parmenter, Ross. 26 June 1955. "World of Music: Chávez Premiere: Mexican Composer Will Direct Own Symphony with Philharmonic". The New York Times: X9.
  • Rickards, Guy. 2013. "Chávez Symphonies 1–6". Gramophone (9 January).

January 01, 1970
symphony, chávez, symphony, carlos, chávez, composed, 1951, commission, from, clare, boothe, luce, dedicated, memory, daughter, anne, clare, brokaw, anfiteatro, josé, Ángel, lamas, caracas, where, chávez, third, symphony, premiered, contents, history, instrume. The Symphony No 3 by Carlos Chavez was composed in 1951 54 on a commission from Clare Boothe Luce and is dedicated to the memory of her daughter Anne Clare Brokaw Anfiteatro Jose Angel Lamas Caracas where Chavez s Third Symphony was premiered Contents 1 History 2 Instrumentation 3 Analysis 4 Discography 5 References 6 Further readingHistory editChavez had evidently met former U S congresswoman ambassador publisher playwright and journalist Clare Boothe Luce in Florence at some point in the late 1940s An unlikely friendship sprang up between them which continued for nearly three decades In February 1950 Luce came to Mexico City for a week of cultural exploration and on 18 February 1950 wrote on a scrap of newspaper a commission for a musical work initially envisioned as a piano concerto for Ann Clare Brokaw the most beautiful and sad and gay thing you ever wrote that has her lovely face and my broken heart in it Brokaw who had died as the result of an automobile accident in 1944 at the age of nineteen was Mrs Luce s only child from her first marriage 1 Composition of the Third Symphony began in 1951 but was interrupted repeatedly After completing the first movement and a large part of the second Chavez fell ill By the time he recovered there were more urgent deadlines requiring Chavez to put the score aside in order to work on the Fourth and Fifth Symphonies both of which were completed before the Third In April 1954 Chavez resumed work completing the piano score on 14 June and the full score by the end of the same month 2 3 It was premiered in the Anfiteatro Jose Angel Lamas in Caracas Venezuela by the Orquesta Sinfonica de Venezuela conducted by the composer According to Orbon 4 this was on 9 December 1954 though others put the date at 11 December 1954 5 6 It received further performances in Europe in June 1955 at the I S C M Festival in Baden Baden in an orchestral concert conducted by Ernest Bour in London with the London Symphony Orchestra conducted by Juan Jose Castro 29 November 1955 and in the United States with the New York Philharmonic conducted by the composer 26 January 1956 7 8 9 10 Thanks to the efforts of his friend Aaron Copland Chavez was able to secure a contract with Boosey amp Hawkes in 1955 and the Third Symphony was the first of his works published by that firm 11 Instrumentation editThe symphony is scored for piccolo two flutes two oboes cor anglais E clarinet two clarinets bass clarinet three bassoons third doubling contrabassoon four horns three trumpets three trombones tuba timpani percussion three players harp and strings Analysis editThe Third Symphony consists of four movements Introduzione Andante moderato Allegro Scherzo Finale The opening movement introduces a number of thematic elements that will be developed throughout the symphony a procedure known as cyclic form 12 The character at the outset is dramatic and tense recalling somewhat the Greek style of the Sinfonia de Antigona and the ballet La hija de Colquide 13 Later in the movement at rehearsal number 16 a jarring contrast is created when Chavez introduces a universally familiar five note children s chant a figure that is also found in a number of the composer s contemporaneous and earlier works the Fourth Symphony the choral works Tierra mojada and Llamadas and the ballet Caballos de vapor whose presence here may be explained by a hidden program connected to the terms of the Symphony s commission 14 After the slow first movement the fast tempo and sonata allegro design of the second movement more closely resembles the traditional opening movement of a symphony This Allegro is the main focus of the symphony because of the solidity of its formal structure and its greater length than the other movements 15 To describe it as a sonata allegro however refers to its character but not its form which is both simple and original Chavez replaces the usual exposition development recapitulation with two alternating sections each of which occurs three times Development occurs during the appearances of the second of these through either the reappearance of motives from the first section or the production from them of variants 16 Discography editThe Six Symphonies of Carlos Chavez Orquesta Sinfonica Nacional de Mexico Carlos Chavez cond 3 LP set stereo CBS Masterworks 32 31 0002 32 11 0020 32 11 0022 32 11 0024 New York CBS 1967 The Six Symphonies of Carlos Chavez London Symphony Orchestra Eduardo Mata cond 3 LP set stereo Vox Cum Laude 3D VCL 9032 New York Moss Music Group 1983 Reissued on 2 CD set as Carlos Chavez The Complete Symphonies VoxBox2 CDX 5061 Hauppauge NY Moss Music Group 1992 Partial reissue on CD Carlos Chavez Symphonies Nos 1 2 amp 3 Vox Cum Laude MCD 10002 New York Moss Music Group 1983 This CD also reissued as Vox Unique VU 9020 Hackensack New Jersey Vox Unique 1990 References edit Parker 1984 48 49 Garcia Morillo 1960 152 153 Parker 1984 65 Orbon 1987c 80 Garcia Morillo 1960 153 Weinstock 1959 15 Copland 1955 10 Mitchell 1956 34 Reizenstein 1955 8 Taubman 1956 Parker 1987 436 437 Parker 1983 73 Garcia Morillo 1960 154 155 Parker 1991 160 164 Parker 1983 74 Orbon 1987b 89 Sources Copland Aaron 1954 Festival in Caracas Recent Venezuelan Event Was Devoted to Composers of Latin America The New York Times 26 December X9 Reprinted as Festival of Contemporary Latin American Music Tempo new series no 35 Spring 1955 4 5 10 Garcia Morillo Roberto 1960 Carlos Chavez Vida y obra Tierra Firme Mexico Fondo de Cultura Economica ISBN 968 16 0222 6 Mitchell Donald 1956 London Music The Musical Times 97 no 1355 January 34 38 Orbon Julian 1987b Las sinfonias de Carlos Chavez part 2 Pauta Cuadernos de teoria y critica musical 6 no 22 April June 81 91 Orbon Julian 1987c Las sinfonias de Carlos Chavez part 3 Pauta Cuadernos de teoria y critica musical 6 no 23 July September 67 80 Parker Robert L 1983 Carlos Chavez Mexico s Modern Day Orpheus Twayne s Music Series Boston Twayne Publishers ISBN 0 8057 9455 7 Parker Robert L 1984 Clare Boothe Luce Carlos Chavez and Sinfonia No 3 Latin American Music Review Revista de Musica Latinoamericana 5 no 1 Spring Summer 48 65 Parker Robert 1987 Copland and Chavez Brothers in Arms American Music 5 no 4 Winter 433 444 Parker Robert 1991 A Recurring Melodic Cell in the Music of Carlos Chavez Latin American Music Review Revista de Musica Latinoamericana 12 no 2 Autumn Winter 160 172 Reizenstein Franz 1955 The I S C M Festival at Baden Baden Tempo new series no 36 Summer 8 10 Taubman Howard 1956 Music A New Work from Mexico Carlos Chavez Directs His Third Symphony Gina Bachauer Soloist with Philharmonic The New York Times 27 January 19 Weinstock Herbert 1959 About Carlos Chavez Some Notes and Thoughts on an Unfinished Career Tempo new series no 51 Spring Summer 13 15 Further reading editCarpentier Alejo 1954a Balance del Festival II El Nacional Caracas 15 December Reprinted in Carpentier Ese musico que llevo dentro edited by Zoila Gomez vol 2 Musicologia 222 224 Havana Editorial Letras Cubanas 1980 Carpentier Alejo 1954b La Sinfonia num 3 de Carlos Chavez El Nacional Caracas 18 December Reprinted in Carpentier Ese musico que llevo dentro edited by Zoila Gomez vol 2 Musicologia 103 105 Havana Editorial Letras Cubanas 1980 Carpentier Alejo 1955 El Festival de Baden Baden El Nacional Caracas 16 September Reprinted in Carpentier Ese musico que llevo dentro edited by Zoila Gomez vol 2 Musicologia 231 232 Havana Editorial Letras Cubanas 1980 Chavez Carlos 1955 Sinfonia no 3 London Hawkes amp Son Copland Aaron 1967 Letter to Carlos Chavez 28 July The Aaron Copland Collection ca 1900 1990 The Library of Congress American Memory website Accessed 30 June 2012 Cowell Henry 1956 Current Chronicle New York The Musical Quarterly 42 no 2 April 240 244 Orbon Julian 1987a Las sinfonias de Carlos Chavez part 1 Pauta Cuadernos de teoria y critica musical 6 no 21 January March 63 75 Reprinted as Las sinfonias de Carlos Chavez in Julian Orbon En la esencia de los estilos y otros ensayos foreword by Julio Estrada 148 158 Madrid Editorial Colibri 2000 ISBN 84 923550 4 2 Orbon Julian 2015 Carlos Chavez s Symphonies translated introduced and annotated by Leonora Saavedra In Carlos Chavez and His World edited by Leonora Saavedra 62 75 Princeton Princeton University Press 2015 ISBN 978 0 691 16947 7 cloth ISBN 978 0 691 16948 4 Translated from the Spanish liner notes for Chavez The Complete Symphonies London Symphony Orchestra Eduardo Mata cond Peerless Records 1982 Parker Robert 2001 Chavez y Ramirez Carlos Antonio de Padua The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians second edition edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell London Macmillan Parmenter Ross 26 June 1955 World of Music Chavez Premiere Mexican Composer Will Direct Own Symphony with Philharmonic The New York Times X9 Rickards Guy 2013 Chavez Symphonies 1 6 Gramophone 9 January Portal nbsp Classical music Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Symphony No 3 Chavez amp oldid 1217528163, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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