A suspension bridge supports its structural load with cables, ropes, or chains anchored at each end. Cables on the earliest suspension bridges were anchored in the ground; some modern suspension bridges anchor the cables to the ends of the bridge itself. Earliest suspension bridges had no towers or piers but the majority of larger modern suspension bridges have them.[1] All of the 14 longest bridges in the world are suspension bridges.
Simple suspension bridge: the earliest known type of suspension bridge, and usually a footbridge. The deck is flexible and lies on the main cables, which are anchored to the earth.
Underspanned suspension bridge: an early 19th-century descendant of the simple suspension bridge. The deck is raised on posts above the main cables.
Stressed ribbon bridge: a modern descendant of the simple suspension bridge. The deck lies on the main cables, but is stiff, not flexible.
Suspension bridge (more precisely, suspended-deck suspension bridge): the most familiar type. Though technically all the types listed here are suspension bridges, when unqualified with adjectives the term commonly refers to a suspended-deck suspension bridge. This type is suitable for use by heavy vehicles and light rail. The main cables are anchored to the earth. The deck is carried below the main cables by "suspenders" and usually is stiff.
A pure suspension bridge is one without additional stay cables and in which the main cables are anchored in the ground.[2] This includes most simple suspension bridges and suspended-deck suspension bridges, and excludes self-anchored suspension bridges.
Some suspension bridges are of unusual hybrid types. Among these are suspension bridges that have an "intermediate deck".[3] These bridges have a portion of deck that resembles an underspanned suspension bridge. Some of the earliest suspended-deck suspension bridges were of this type, and they continue to be constructed. Examples constructed in the 20th century include a viaduct over the river Oberargen near Wangen, Germany. A 258-metre (846 ft) span of the viaduct has a cable support below the deck, with one end of the cable anchored at a pier and the other end tied into a conventional cable stay. The underspanned portion of the span is 172-metre (564 ft) long and has three vertical members.[3]
The Akashi Kaikyō Bridge, one of the longest suspension bridges in the world, is a suspended-deck suspension bridge with a stiff truss girder deck.[4] Its main span is 1,991 m (6,532 ft) long.[4]
Constructionedit
Unlike other types of bridge, suspension bridges can usually be built without use of falsework or even any access from below the bridge. In many cases, the main cables are constructed first, often with a pilot cable. Construction then proceeds by hanging components and equipment from the main cables. The articles about each type of bridge have further specific construction details.
Suspension bridges are suitable for the longest spans, provided the cables and their anchorage are of sufficient strength. Their construction cost is high, so usually they are less economical than other bridges for spans less than 1,000 ft (300 m). However, shorter spans have been constructed for aesthetic reasons.
All types of suspension bridges have less rigidity than other bridges. Because of their greater flexibility, these bridges are more suitable as road bridges than railroad bridges.[2]
^Tom F. Peters (1987-01-01). Transitions in Engineering: Guillaume Henri Dufour and the Early 19th Century Cable Suspension Bridges. Birkhauser. p. 260. ISBN3-7643-1929-1.
^ abR. L. Brockenbrough, Frederick S. Merritt (2005). Structural Steel Designer's Handbook: AISC, AASHTO, AISI, ASTM, AREMA, and ASCE-07 Design Standards (4 ed.). McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 800. ISBN0-07-143218-3. page 15.7
^ abLeonardo Fernández Troyano (2003-11-30). Bridge Engineering: A Global Perspective. Thomas Telford. p. 775. ISBN0-7277-3215-3. pages 517-520
^ abJames D. Cooper (July–August 1998). "World's Longest Suspension Bridge Opens in Japan". Public Roads. 62.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Suspension bridges by type.
"Suspension bridge" Encyclopædia Britannica
This article includes a list of related items that share the same name (or similar names). If an internal link incorrectly led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
November 23, 2023
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A suspension bridge supports its structural load with cables ropes or chains anchored at each end Cables on the earliest suspension bridges were anchored in the ground some modern suspension bridges anchor the cables to the ends of the bridge itself Earliest suspension bridges had no towers or piers but the majority of larger modern suspension bridges have them 1 All of the 14 longest bridges in the world are suspension bridges Contents 1 Types 1 1 Hybrid types 2 Construction 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksTypes editTypes of suspension bridge include Simple suspension bridge the earliest known type of suspension bridge and usually a footbridge The deck is flexible and lies on the main cables which are anchored to the earth nbsp Underspanned suspension bridge an early 19th century descendant of the simple suspension bridge The deck is raised on posts above the main cables nbsp Stressed ribbon bridge a modern descendant of the simple suspension bridge The deck lies on the main cables but is stiff not flexible nbsp Suspension bridge more precisely suspended deck suspension bridge the most familiar type Though technically all the types listed here are suspension bridges when unqualified with adjectives the term commonly refers to a suspended deck suspension bridge This type is suitable for use by heavy vehicles and light rail The main cables are anchored to the earth The deck is carried below the main cables by suspenders and usually is stiff nbsp Self anchored suspension bridge a modern descendant of the suspension bridge combining elements of a cable stayed bridge The main cables are anchored to the ends of the decks nbsp A pure suspension bridge is one without additional stay cables and in which the main cables are anchored in the ground 2 This includes most simple suspension bridges and suspended deck suspension bridges and excludes self anchored suspension bridges Hybrid types edit See also Cable stayed suspension bridge Some suspension bridges are of unusual hybrid types Among these are suspension bridges that have an intermediate deck 3 These bridges have a portion of deck that resembles an underspanned suspension bridge Some of the earliest suspended deck suspension bridges were of this type and they continue to be constructed Examples constructed in the 20th century include a viaduct over the river Oberargen near Wangen Germany A 258 metre 846 ft span of the viaduct has a cable support below the deck with one end of the cable anchored at a pier and the other end tied into a conventional cable stay The underspanned portion of the span is 172 metre 564 ft long and has three vertical members 3 The Akashi Kaikyō Bridge one of the longest suspension bridges in the world is a suspended deck suspension bridge with a stiff truss girder deck 4 Its main span is 1 991 m 6 532 ft long 4 Construction editUnlike other types of bridge suspension bridges can usually be built without use of falsework or even any access from below the bridge In many cases the main cables are constructed first often with a pilot cable Construction then proceeds by hanging components and equipment from the main cables The articles about each type of bridge have further specific construction details Suspension bridges are suitable for the longest spans provided the cables and their anchorage are of sufficient strength Their construction cost is high so usually they are less economical than other bridges for spans less than 1 000 ft 300 m However shorter spans have been constructed for aesthetic reasons All types of suspension bridges have less rigidity than other bridges Because of their greater flexibility these bridges are more suitable as road bridges than railroad bridges 2 See also editSimple suspension bridge Living bridges bridges made of living plants Cable stayed bridge Floating suspension bridgeReferences edit Tom F Peters 1987 01 01 Transitions in Engineering Guillaume Henri Dufour and the Early 19th Century Cable Suspension Bridges Birkhauser p 260 ISBN 3 7643 1929 1 a b R L Brockenbrough Frederick S Merritt 2005 Structural Steel Designer s Handbook AISC AASHTO AISI ASTM AREMA and ASCE 07 Design Standards 4 ed McGraw Hill Professional p 800 ISBN 0 07 143218 3 page 15 7 a b Leonardo Fernandez Troyano 2003 11 30 Bridge Engineering A Global Perspective Thomas Telford p 775 ISBN 0 7277 3215 3 pages 517 520 a b James D Cooper July August 1998 World s Longest Suspension Bridge Opens in Japan Public Roads 62 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Suspension bridges by type Suspension bridge Encyclopaedia Britannica nbsp This article includes a list of related items that share the same name or similar names If an internal link incorrectly led you here you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Types of suspension bridges amp oldid 1145934888, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
