Paiter
The Paiter, also known as Suruí, Suruí do Jiparaná, and Suruí de Rondônia,[2] are an indigenous people of Brazil, who live in ten villages near the Mato Grosso–Rondônia border. They are farmers, who cultivate coffee.[2]
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 1,172 (2010)[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Brazil ( Mato Grosso and Rondônia)[1] | |
| Languages | |
| Suruí-Paíter[2] | |
| Religion | |
| traditional tribal religion | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Cinta Larga and Gavião do Jiparaná[2] |
Language edit
The Paiter speak the Suruí-Paíter language, which belongs to the Tupi-Guarani language family. Portions of the Bible were translated into Suruí-Paíter in 1991.[2]
Origins edit
A 2015 genetic study reached a surprising conclusion about the origins of the Surui people. Unlike other Native American peoples, the Surui, Karitiana, and Xavante have an ancestry partially related to indigenous populations of the Andaman Islands, New Guinea, and Australia. Scientists speculate that the relationship derives from an earlier people, called "Population Y", in East Asia from whence both groups diverged 15,000 to 30,000 years ago, the future Australasians migrating south and the remote ancestors of the Surui northward, finding their way to the New World and to the interior Amazon Basin.[3][4]
History edit
The first prolonged contact with the modern world came in 1969.[1] The tribe was decimated by disease; nearly 90 percent died within a few years.[5]
Current events edit
The Surui have recently made headlines as one of the first indigenous people of South America to use high-tech tools (in particular Google Earth) to police their territory.[6] In cooperation with Google Earth Outreach, they can request more detailed satellite photos when they spot suspicious areas.[7] If loggers or miners are detected, they refer the case to the authorities who have them removed. Satellite pictures show that this is highly effective as the Suruí territory is the only intact remaining piece of rainforest in the area.[6]
The Surui have recently launched a forest carbon project as part of their 50-year tribal management plan.[8] Conceived in 2007, the project hoped to reforest and avoid degradation with Surui lands. A 2010 legal opinion by Baker & McKenzie determined that the Surui own the carbon rights to the territory, setting a precedent for future indigenous-led carbon projects in Brazil.[9]
Significant progress was next made in 2013. The project has now gained verification through the Verified Carbon Standard (VCS) and Climate, Community and Biodiversity (CCB) Alliance as a REDD+ project. In September 2013, the Surui Forest Carbon Project transacted its first sale of 120,000 tons of carbon offsets to Brazilian cosmetics firm Natura Cosméticos.[10] The project is designed to sequester at least five million tons of carbon dioxide over 30 years while protecting critical rainforest habitat. Profits from the sale of credits will be used as part of the 50-year tribal management plan.
See also edit
Notes edit
- ^ a b c "Paiter: Introduction." Instituto Socioambiental: Povos Indígenas no Brasil. Retrieved 6 April 2012
- ^ a b c d e "Suruí." Ethnologue. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
- ^ Skoglund, P.; Mallick, S.; Bortolini, M.C.; Chennagiri, N.; Hünemeier, T.; Petzl-Erler, M.L.; Salzano, F.M.; Patterson, N.; Reich, D. (21 July 2015). "Genetic evidence for two founding populations of the Americas". Nature. 525 (7567): 104–8. Bibcode:2015Natur.525..104S. doi:10.1038/nature14895. PMC 4982469. PMID 26196601.
- ^ Skoglund, P.; Reich, D. (2016). "A genomic view of the peopling of the Americas". Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. 41: 27–35. doi:10.1016/j.gde.2016.06.016. PMC 5161672. PMID 27507099.
- ^ Zmekhol, D. "Children of the Amazon" Retrieved 07 Jan 2010
- ^ a b Süddeutsche Zeitung "Google Earth - Entdecker am Bildschirm" Retrieved 28 July 2009.
- ^ Butler, R. A. "Amazon Indians use Google Earth, GPS to protect forest home" Retrieved 07 Jan 2010
- ^ Washington Monthly "Big REDD" 2009-08-19 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 07 Jan 2010
- ^ Mongabay.com "Brazilian tribe owns carbon rights to Amazon rainforest land" Retrieved 07 Jan 2010
- ^ "Brazilian Cosmetics Giant Buys First Indigenous REDD Credits - Ecosystem Marketplace". Ecosystem Marketplace.