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SuperNova Early Warning System

January 01, 1970

"SNEWS" redirects here. For the publication, see Outside (company).

The SuperNova Early Warning System (SNEWS) is a network of neutrino detectors designed to give early warning to astronomers in the event of a supernova in the Milky Way, our home galaxy, or in a nearby galaxy such as the Large Magellanic Cloud or the Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy.

As of March 2021,[1] SNEWS has not issued any supernova alerts. This is unsurprising, as supernovae appear to be rare: the most recent known supernova remnant in the Milky Way was around the turn of the 20th century, and the most recent Milky Way supernova confirmed to have been observed was Kepler's Supernova in 1604.

SNEWS 2.0 edit

In June 2019 a "SNEWS 2.0" workshop was held at Laurentian University of Sudbury in Canada, focused on plans for an update of SNEWS.[1][2] As the result, an upgraded system was devised under the name "SNEWS 2.0".[3][4]

Neutrino detection edit

Powerful bursts of electron neutrinos (νe) with typical energies of the order of 10 MeV and duration of the order of 10 seconds are produced in the core of a red giant star as it collapses on itself via the "neutronization" reaction, i.e. fusion of protons and electrons into neutrons and neutrinos: p + e− → n + νe. It is expected that the neutrinos are emitted well before the light from the supernova peaks, so in principle neutrino detectors could give warning to astronomers that a supernova has occurred and may soon be visible. The neutrino pulse from supernova 1987A arrived 3 hours before the associated photons – but SNEWS was not yet active and it was not recognised as a supernova event until after the photons arrived.

Directional precision of approximately 5° is expected.[5] SNEWS is not able to give warning of a type Ia supernova, as they are not expected to produce significant numbers of neutrinos. Type Ia supernovae, caused by a runaway nuclear fusion reaction in a white dwarf star, are thought to account for roughly one-third of all supernovae.[6]

There are currently seven neutrino detector members of SNEWS: Borexino, Daya Bay, KamLAND, HALO, IceCube, LVD, and Super-Kamiokande.[7] SNEWS began operation prior to 2004, with three members (Super-Kamiokande, LVD, and SNO). The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is no longer active as it is being upgraded to its successor program SNO+.

The detectors send reports of a possible supernova to a computer at Brookhaven National Laboratory to identify a supernova. If the SNEWS computer identifies signals from two detectors within 10 seconds, the computer will send a supernova alert to observatories around the world to study the supernova.[8] The SNEWS mailing list is open-subscription, and the general public is allowed to sign up; however, the SNEWS collaboration encourages amateur astronomers to instead use Sky and Telescope magazine's AstroAlert service, which is linked to SNEWS.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Kharusi, S. Al; BenZvi, S. Y.; Bobowski, J. S.; Bonivento, W.; Brdar, V.; Brunner, T.; Caden, E.; Clark, M.; Coleiro, A.; Colomer-Molla, M.; Crespo-Anadón, J. I.; Depoian, A.; Dornic, D.; Fischer, V.; Franco, D. (2021-03-15). "SNEWS 2.0: a next-generation supernova early warning system for multi-messenger astronomy". New Journal of Physics. 23 (3). arXiv:2011.00035. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/abde33. ISSN 1367-2630.
  2. ^ "SNEWS 2.0 Workshop". Retrieved 2024-01-06.
  3. ^ Riordon, James. "New Supernova Alert System Promises Early Access to Spectacles in Space". Scientific American. Retrieved 2024-01-06.
  4. ^ Magazine, Smithsonian; Falk, Dan (2022-08-02). "When Will the Next Supernova in Our Galaxy Occur?". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2024-01-06.
  5. ^ Murphy, A. St. J. (2000). "SNEWS: The Supernova Early Warning System". Journal of the American Association of Variable Star Observers. 29 (1): 31. Bibcode:2000JAVSO..29...31M. Retrieved 2020-11-16.
  6. ^ Adams, Scott; et, al (2013). "Observing the Next Galactic Supernova". Astrophysical Journal. 778 (2): 164. arXiv:1306.0559. Bibcode:2013ApJ...778..164A. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/778/2/164. S2CID 119292900.
  7. ^ "SNEWS". Brookhaven National Laboratory. 2015. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
  8. ^ Jayawardhana, Ray (2013). "Physicists Eagerly Await Neutrinos from the Next Nearby Supernova [Excerpt]". Scientific American. 309 (6): 68–73. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1213-68. PMID 24383367.

External links edit

  • Official website of SNEWS 2.0
  • Official website of SNEWS
  • Antonioli, P.; et al. (2004). "SNEWS: the SuperNova Early Warning System". New Journal of Physics. 6: 114. arXiv:astro-ph/0406214. Bibcode:2004NJPh....6..114A. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/6/1/114. S2CID 119431247.
  • Francis Reddy, "Time for SNEWS", Astronomy 3 June 2005
  • NOVA podcast about SNEWS (the same in MP3 format)
  • Weeks, Erin (22 January 2014). "Supernova Explosion in M82: Exciting, but No Neutrinos". Duke University Research Blog. Retrieved 2015-12-06.

January 01, 1970
supernova, early, warning, system, snews, redirects, here, publication, outside, company, snews, network, neutrino, detectors, designed, give, early, warning, astronomers, event, supernova, milky, home, galaxy, nearby, galaxy, such, large, magellanic, cloud, c. SNEWS redirects here For the publication see Outside company The SuperNova Early Warning System SNEWS is a network of neutrino detectors designed to give early warning to astronomers in the event of a supernova in the Milky Way our home galaxy or in a nearby galaxy such as the Large Magellanic Cloud or the Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy As of March 2021 update 1 SNEWS has not issued any supernova alerts This is unsurprising as supernovae appear to be rare the most recent known supernova remnant in the Milky Way was around the turn of the 20th century and the most recent Milky Way supernova confirmed to have been observed was Kepler s Supernova in 1604 Contents 1 SNEWS 2 0 2 Neutrino detection 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksSNEWS 2 0 editIn June 2019 a SNEWS 2 0 workshop was held at Laurentian University of Sudbury in Canada focused on plans for an update of SNEWS 1 2 As the result an upgraded system was devised under the name SNEWS 2 0 3 4 Neutrino detection editPowerful bursts of electron neutrinos ne with typical energies of the order of 10 MeV and duration of the order of 10 seconds are produced in the core of a red giant star as it collapses on itself via the neutronization reaction i e fusion of protons and electrons into neutrons and neutrinos p e n ne It is expected that the neutrinos are emitted well before the light from the supernova peaks so in principle neutrino detectors could give warning to astronomers that a supernova has occurred and may soon be visible The neutrino pulse from supernova 1987A arrived 3 hours before the associated photons but SNEWS was not yet active and it was not recognised as a supernova event until after the photons arrived Directional precision of approximately 5 is expected 5 SNEWS is not able to give warning of a type Ia supernova as they are not expected to produce significant numbers of neutrinos Type Ia supernovae caused by a runaway nuclear fusion reaction in a white dwarf star are thought to account for roughly one third of all supernovae 6 There are currently seven neutrino detector members of SNEWS Borexino Daya Bay KamLAND HALO IceCube LVD and Super Kamiokande 7 SNEWS began operation prior to 2004 with three members Super Kamiokande LVD and SNO The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is no longer active as it is being upgraded to its successor program SNO The detectors send reports of a possible supernova to a computer at Brookhaven National Laboratory to identify a supernova If the SNEWS computer identifies signals from two detectors within 10 seconds the computer will send a supernova alert to observatories around the world to study the supernova 8 The SNEWS mailing list is open subscription and the general public is allowed to sign up however the SNEWS collaboration encourages amateur astronomers to instead use Sky and Telescope magazine s AstroAlert service which is linked to SNEWS See also editNear Earth supernova History of supernova observation Timeline of white dwarfs neutron stars and supernovae Supernova nucleosynthesis Supernova neutrinosReferences edit a b Kharusi S Al BenZvi S Y Bobowski J S Bonivento W Brdar V Brunner T Caden E Clark M Coleiro A Colomer Molla M Crespo Anadon J I Depoian A Dornic D Fischer V Franco D 2021 03 15 SNEWS 2 0 a next generation supernova early warning system for multi messenger astronomy New Journal of Physics 23 3 arXiv 2011 00035 doi 10 1088 1367 2630 abde33 ISSN 1367 2630 SNEWS 2 0 Workshop Retrieved 2024 01 06 Riordon James New Supernova Alert System Promises Early Access to Spectacles in Space Scientific American Retrieved 2024 01 06 Magazine Smithsonian Falk Dan 2022 08 02 When Will the Next Supernova in Our Galaxy Occur Smithsonian Magazine Retrieved 2024 01 06 Murphy A St J 2000 SNEWS The Supernova Early Warning System Journal of the American Association of Variable Star Observers 29 1 31 Bibcode 2000JAVSO 29 31M Retrieved 2020 11 16 Adams Scott et al 2013 Observing the Next Galactic Supernova Astrophysical Journal 778 2 164 arXiv 1306 0559 Bibcode 2013ApJ 778 164A doi 10 1088 0004 637X 778 2 164 S2CID 119292900 SNEWS Brookhaven National Laboratory 2015 Retrieved 2015 12 06 Jayawardhana Ray 2013 Physicists Eagerly Await Neutrinos from the Next Nearby Supernova Excerpt Scientific American 309 6 68 73 doi 10 1038 scientificamerican1213 68 PMID 24383367 External links editOfficial website of SNEWS 2 0 Official website of SNEWS Antonioli P et al 2004 SNEWS the SuperNova Early Warning System New Journal of Physics 6 114 arXiv astro ph 0406214 Bibcode 2004NJPh 6 114A doi 10 1088 1367 2630 6 1 114 S2CID 119431247 Francis Reddy Time for SNEWS Astronomy 3 June 2005 NOVA podcast about SNEWS the same in MP3 format Weeks Erin 22 January 2014 Supernova Explosion in M82 Exciting but No Neutrinos Duke University Research Blog Retrieved 2015 12 06 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title SuperNova Early Warning System amp oldid 1195778800, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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