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Sulejman Pačariz

January 05, 2024

Hafiz Sulejman Pačariz (1900 — 1945) was an Islamic cleric of Albanian origin[2] and commander of the detachment of Muslim militia from the village of Hisardžik[3] (Prijepolje, modern-day Serbia) during the Second World War.[4] When Germans took over control over Sandžak in 1943 Pačariz was appointed as commander of SS Polizei-Selbstschutz-Regiment Sandschak. Forces under his command were referred to as Pačarizovci (meaning "those belonging to Pačariz").[1] He allegedly led his forces while riding a black horse.[5] In 1945, Pačariz was captured, put on trial, found guilty for massacres of civilians and executed as war criminal.

Sulejman Pačariz

Hodja
Born1900
Bioča near Berane, Ottoman Empire
Died1945
Allegiance
Years of service1941–1945
RankColonel[1]
Unit
Battles/warsWorld War II in Yugoslavia

Early life edit

Pačariz was born in Bioča near Berane in 1900. His father was the local hodža, or Muslim religious leader. In 1912, during the First Balkan War, his village was set on fire by the Army of Montenegro, so his family fled, first to Lozna near Bijelo Polje and then to Brodarevo where his father became the local imam. In 1922, local Chetniks killed his father because he supported the local outlaw Jusuf Mehonjić. Until that time, Sulejman was a member of the Yugoslav gendarmerie. After the murder of his father, Sulejman joined the outlaws of Mehonjić for a short time and joined the gendarmerie again. Before 1930, he accepted the position of imam in Hisardžik. In 1938 Pačariz accepted the position of military imam in the county of Bar.[6]

World War II edit

 
A song and drawing from "Osvit" magazine, published in Sarajevo during World War II

Within the Ustaše edit

Main article: Sandžak Muslim militia

At the beginning of the Second World War in Yugoslavia, Ustaše forces of the Independent State of Croatia occupied Sandžak and appointed Pačariz, together with some other Muslim notables from Sandžak, on paid positions of military officers of the Sandžak Muslim militia. They were initially given the ranks of Major, and engaged against the Serbs who were part of the Chetniks.[7] By September of 1941, the Ustaše handed control over Sandžak to the Italians.

Within the forces of Italy edit

At the end of autumn of 1941, Montenegrin communists attempted to negotiate with Pačariz but failed to convince him and his subordinated officer to join the Partisans. Pačariz mobilized Muslims who lived in Prijepolje, on the right bank of Lim and the former municipalities of Velika Župa and Seljašnica. He received some weapons and military equipment from Ustaše and later from the Italians.[8] Pačariz often reported bigger number of militiamen under his command and kept for himself their monthly salaries received from the Italians.[9]

In mid-November of 1941, a Chetnik unit of 40 men went to Kosatica and attempted to disarm the Muslim militia that were commanded by Sulejman Pačariz. The militiamen refused to surrender their arms, and in a subsequent struggle, a firefight engaged where two of them were killed while one Chetnik was wounded. To revenge death of his two men, Muslim militia under command of Pačariz attacked one part of Kosatica that populated by some Serbs and captured, brutally tortured, and killed seven Serbs from Kosatica.[10][11]

Battle of Sjenica edit

Main article: Battle of Sjenica (1941)

On the 22nd of December, 1941, forces of the Muslim militia from Hisardžik and Sjenica that were commanded by Pačariz, successfully repelled the attack of Partisans who attempted to capture Sjenica. 18 Partisans were captured during this battle. Pačariz occasionally visited them in Sjenica's prison.[12] In February of 1942, Pačariz was convinced by the command of Italian forces in Prijepolje to go to Sjenica and escort the 18 Partisans who were captured in that battle. The Italians intended to exchange the captured Partisans for some of the captured Italians. He escorted 13 Partisans to Prijepolje, leaving the 5 other wounded Partisans in Sjenica.[13][14] All the Partisans that Pačariz brought to the Italians were shot and killed in the Purića stream, below Srijetež.[15]

Pačariz would establish the so-called "flying platoon" of his most loyal men. He used the unit to forcefully mobilize people and to force wealthier Muslims to buy arms from him. Those who opposed him were brutally beaten and terrorized.[16] Pačariz used his position for personal enrichement, both through salary given to him by occupier and through various malversations.[17] In April 1942 Partisans razed 3 houses of pro-Chetnik families and a house of Pačariz's family in Velika Župa. In retaliation for which Pačariz's men razed 3 pro-Partisan Orthodox houses.[18] Alongside Italian and legalized Chetniks of Vuk Kalaitović in August 1942, Pačariz was involved in anti-Partisan action in Mileševa srez against local cell. Italians caught only 2 guerrila fighters, Pačariz's men were more successful and caught 5 suspicious men, one of whom was executed by them.[19] Together with other commanders of Muslim militia (including Husein Rovčanin) he participated in a conference in village of Godijeva,[20] and agreed to attack the Serb villages near Sjenica and other parts of Sandžak.[21]

Within the forces of Germany edit

Main article: SS Polizei-Selbstschutz-Regiment Sandschak

Following his appointment to the post of Höhere SS-und Polizeiführer Sandschak (Higher SS and Police Leader Sandžak) in September 1943, Karl von Krempler came to be known as the "Sandžak Prince" after his relatively successful formation of the SS Polizei-Selbstschutz-Regiment Sandschak. He went to the Sandžak region in October and took over the local militia of around 5,000 men headquartered in Sjenica. This formation was sometimes thereafter called the Kampfgruppe Krempler or more derisively the "Muslimischegruppe von Krempler". As the senior Waffen SS officer, Karl von Krempler appointed Pačariz as the formal commander of the unit, but as the key military trainer and contact person with German arms and munitions, remained effectively in control.[22] Pačariz participated in the Axis organized Operation Kugelblitz that started on 4 December 1943.[23] In early 1944, Pačariz was appointed as command of all militia units in Mileševo srez, including those of Husein Rovčanin.[24] In 1944, Pačariz personally killed his unit commander Hamda Bajraktarević during the meeting, because of Bajraktarević's attempts to create cooperation with partisans.[25]

In November 1944, after taking many losses from the Partizans, Pačariz and together with his units, retreated to Sarajevo where SS Polizei-Selbstschutz-Regiment Sandschak was put under command of Ustaše General Maks Luburić. Pačariz was promoted to the rank of Ustaše Colonel.

Death edit

In 1945 Pačariz was captured near Banja Luka. where he was put on trial and found guilty for massacres of civilians. He was executed as a war criminal.[26]

Pačariz is also commemorated in a song.[27]

References edit

  1. ^ a b Miloš, Stojan (2004). Bleiburg i križni put: zločin bez kazne. Ogranak Matice hrvatske Livno, Hrvatski informativni centar. p. 254. ISBN 978-953-6058-36-5. Prema imenu pukovnika ustaške vojnice Sulejmana efendije Pačariza
  2. ^ Prcela, John; Guldescu, Stanko (1995). Operation Slaughterhouse. Dorrance Publishing Company.
  3. ^ Simpozijum seoski dani Sretena Vukosavljevića. Opštinska zajednica obrazovanja. 1982. p. 107.
  4. ^ Bojović, Jovan R.; Šibalić, Mijuško (1979). Durmitorska partizanska republika: materijali sa naučnog skupa održanog u Žabljaku 24, 25 i 26, avgusta 1977. godine. Istorijski in-t SR Crne Gore. p. 382.
  5. ^ Muñoz, Antonio J. (2001). The east came west: Muslim, Hindu and Buddhist volunteers in the German armed forces, 1941-1945. Axis Europa Books. p. 289. ISBN 978-1-891227-39-4.
  6. ^ Милутин Живковић - НДХ У СРБИЈИ Усташки режим у Прибоју, Пријепољу, Новој Вароши и Сјеници(април–септембар 1941, Последице усташке управе НДХ и рецидиви њене политике према муслиманима, Publishers: ДРУШТВО ИСТОРИЧАРА СРБИЈЕ „СТОЈАН НОВАКОВИЋ“, ИНСТИТУТ ЗА СРПСКУ КУЛТУРУ ПРИШТИНА-ЛЕПОСАВИЋ, Belgrade 2017 p.290
  7. ^ Serbia), Vojnoistorijski institut (Belgrade (1969). Zbornik Dokumenta. p. 399.
  8. ^ Radaković, Petko (1981), "Muslimanska milicija u službi okupatora", Užička Republika, Zapisi i sećanja - I (in Serbian), Užice: Muzej ustanka 1941, pp. 660, 661
  9. ^ (Живковић 2017, p. 435): "... Он је са друге стране, Италијанима у Пријепољу пријављивао често већи број бораца од оног који га је тренутно пратио, а допунска следовања у храни и плате (око 1.000 лира месечно по милицајцу) узимао за себе."
  10. ^ Radaković, Petko (1981), "Muslimanska milicija u službi okupatora", Užička Republika, Zapisi i sećanja - I (in Serbian), Užice: Muzej ustanka 1941, pp. 662, 663
  11. ^ (Живковић 2017, p. 407)
  12. ^ Djurašinović-Kostja, Vojin (1961). Stazama proleterskim. Prosveta. p. 395.
  13. ^ Ćuković, Mirko (1964). Sandžak. Nolit-Prosveta. p. 253.
  14. ^ Vujačić, Rada (1975). Žene Srbije u NOB. Nolit. p. 528.
  15. ^ Radaković, Petko (1981), "Muslimanska milicija u službi okupatora", Užička Republika, Zapisi i sećanja - I (in Serbian), Užice: Muzej ustanka 1941, p. 662
  16. ^ Radaković, Petko (1981), "Muslimanska milicija u službi okupatora", Užička Republika, Zapisi i sećanja - I (in Serbian), Užice: Muzej ustanka 1941, p. 661
  17. ^ (Живковић 2017, p. 452)
  18. ^ (Живковић 2017, p. 576)
  19. ^ (Живковић 2017, p. 784-785)
  20. ^ Pajović, Radoje; Željeznov, Dušan; Božović, Branislav (1987). Pavle Đurišić, Lovro Hacin, Juraj Špiler. Centar za informacije i publicitet. p. 245. ISBN 978-86-7125-006-1.
  21. ^ Redžić, Vučeta (2002). Građanski rat u Crnoj Gori: Dešavanja od sredine 1942. godine do sredine 1945. godine. Stupovi. p. 61.
  22. ^ "The Moslem Militia and Legion of the Sandjak" in Axis Europa Magazine, Vol. II/III (No. 9), July–August–September 1996, pp.3-14.
  23. ^ Милутин Живковић - НДХ У СРБИЈИ Усташки режим у Прибоју, Пријепољу, Новој Вароши и Сјеници(април–септембар 1941, Последице усташке управе НДХ и рецидиви њене политике према муслиманима, Publishers: ДРУШТВО ИСТОРИЧАРА СРБИЈЕ „СТОЈАН НОВАКОВИЋ“, ИНСТИТУТ ЗА СРПСКУ КУЛТУРУ ПРИШТИНА-ЛЕПОСАВИЋ, Belgrade 2017 p.293
  24. ^ (Живковић 2017, p. 443)
  25. ^ (Живковић 2017, p. 439)
  26. ^ Vojnoistorijski institut (Belgrade, Serbia) (1958). Zbornik dokumenata i podataka o narodnooslobodilačkom ratu naroda Jugoslavija. Vojnoistorijski institut. p. 32.
  27. ^ Etnografski institut, Srpska akademija nauka iumetnosti (1960). Posebna izdanja. Naučno delo. p. 28.

Sources edit

  • Живковић, Милутин Д. (2017). Санџак 1941–1943. Филозофски Фалултет, Универзитет у Београду.

External links edit

  • KAKO JE ZAVRŠIO SULEJMAN-HODŽA PAČARIZ Jedan od muslimanskih junaka Drugog svjetskog rata 2014-04-27 at the Wayback Machine - The end of Sulejman-Hodža Pačariz, one of Muslim heroes during the Second World War, published in Croatian

January 05, 2024
sulejman, pačariz, hafiz, 1900, 1945, islamic, cleric, albanian, origin, commander, detachment, muslim, militia, from, village, hisardžik, prijepolje, modern, serbia, during, second, world, when, germans, took, over, control, over, sandžak, 1943, pačariz, appo. Hafiz Sulejman Pacariz 1900 1945 was an Islamic cleric of Albanian origin 2 and commander of the detachment of Muslim militia from the village of Hisardzik 3 Prijepolje modern day Serbia during the Second World War 4 When Germans took over control over Sandzak in 1943 Pacariz was appointed as commander of SS Polizei Selbstschutz Regiment Sandschak Forces under his command were referred to as Pacarizovci meaning those belonging to Pacariz 1 He allegedly led his forces while riding a black horse 5 In 1945 Pacariz was captured put on trial found guilty for massacres of civilians and executed as war criminal Sulejman PacarizHodjaBorn1900Bioca near Berane Ottoman EmpireDied1945Allegiance Croatia Italy GermanyYears of service1941 1945RankColonel 1 Unitgendarmerie of Kingdom of Yugoslavia outlaws of Jusuf Mehonjic gendarmerie of Kingdom of Yugoslavia military imam in Bar county detachment of Sandzak Muslim militia from Hisardzik Serbian Pacharizovci SS Polizei Selbstschutz Regiment SandschakBattles warsWorld War II in Yugoslavia Battle of Sjenica 1941 Operation Kugelblitz Contents 1 Early life 2 World War II 2 1 Within the Ustase 2 2 Within the forces of Italy 2 2 1 Battle of Sjenica 2 3 Within the forces of Germany 3 Death 4 References 5 Sources 6 External linksEarly life editPacariz was born in Bioca near Berane in 1900 His father was the local hodza or Muslim religious leader In 1912 during the First Balkan War his village was set on fire by the Army of Montenegro so his family fled first to Lozna near Bijelo Polje and then to Brodarevo where his father became the local imam In 1922 local Chetniks killed his father because he supported the local outlaw Jusuf Mehonjic Until that time Sulejman was a member of the Yugoslav gendarmerie After the murder of his father Sulejman joined the outlaws of Mehonjic for a short time and joined the gendarmerie again Before 1930 he accepted the position of imam in Hisardzik In 1938 Pacariz accepted the position of military imam in the county of Bar 6 World War II edit nbsp A song and drawing from Osvit magazine published in Sarajevo during World War IIWithin the Ustase edit Main article Sandzak Muslim militia At the beginning of the Second World War in Yugoslavia Ustase forces of the Independent State of Croatia occupied Sandzak and appointed Pacariz together with some other Muslim notables from Sandzak on paid positions of military officers of the Sandzak Muslim militia They were initially given the ranks of Major and engaged against the Serbs who were part of the Chetniks 7 By September of 1941 the Ustase handed control over Sandzak to the Italians Within the forces of Italy edit At the end of autumn of 1941 Montenegrin communists attempted to negotiate with Pacariz but failed to convince him and his subordinated officer to join the Partisans Pacariz mobilized Muslims who lived in Prijepolje on the right bank of Lim and the former municipalities of Velika Zupa and Seljasnica He received some weapons and military equipment from Ustase and later from the Italians 8 Pacariz often reported bigger number of militiamen under his command and kept for himself their monthly salaries received from the Italians 9 In mid November of 1941 a Chetnik unit of 40 men went to Kosatica and attempted to disarm the Muslim militia that were commanded by Sulejman Pacariz The militiamen refused to surrender their arms and in a subsequent struggle a firefight engaged where two of them were killed while one Chetnik was wounded To revenge death of his two men Muslim militia under command of Pacariz attacked one part of Kosatica that populated by some Serbs and captured brutally tortured and killed seven Serbs from Kosatica 10 11 Battle of Sjenica edit Main article Battle of Sjenica 1941 On the 22nd of December 1941 forces of the Muslim militia from Hisardzik and Sjenica that were commanded by Pacariz successfully repelled the attack of Partisans who attempted to capture Sjenica 18 Partisans were captured during this battle Pacariz occasionally visited them in Sjenica s prison 12 In February of 1942 Pacariz was convinced by the command of Italian forces in Prijepolje to go to Sjenica and escort the 18 Partisans who were captured in that battle The Italians intended to exchange the captured Partisans for some of the captured Italians He escorted 13 Partisans to Prijepolje leaving the 5 other wounded Partisans in Sjenica 13 14 All the Partisans that Pacariz brought to the Italians were shot and killed in the Purica stream below Srijetez 15 Pacariz would establish the so called flying platoon of his most loyal men He used the unit to forcefully mobilize people and to force wealthier Muslims to buy arms from him Those who opposed him were brutally beaten and terrorized 16 Pacariz used his position for personal enrichement both through salary given to him by occupier and through various malversations 17 In April 1942 Partisans razed 3 houses of pro Chetnik families and a house of Pacariz s family in Velika Zupa In retaliation for which Pacariz s men razed 3 pro Partisan Orthodox houses 18 Alongside Italian and legalized Chetniks of Vuk Kalaitovic in August 1942 Pacariz was involved in anti Partisan action in Mileseva srez against local cell Italians caught only 2 guerrila fighters Pacariz s men were more successful and caught 5 suspicious men one of whom was executed by them 19 Together with other commanders of Muslim militia including Husein Rovcanin he participated in a conference in village of Godijeva 20 and agreed to attack the Serb villages near Sjenica and other parts of Sandzak 21 Within the forces of Germany edit Main article SS Polizei Selbstschutz Regiment Sandschak Following his appointment to the post of Hohere SS und Polizeifuhrer Sandschak Higher SS and Police Leader Sandzak in September 1943 Karl von Krempler came to be known as the Sandzak Prince after his relatively successful formation of the SS Polizei Selbstschutz Regiment Sandschak He went to the Sandzak region in October and took over the local militia of around 5 000 men headquartered in Sjenica This formation was sometimes thereafter called the Kampfgruppe Krempler or more derisively the Muslimischegruppe von Krempler As the senior Waffen SS officer Karl von Krempler appointed Pacariz as the formal commander of the unit but as the key military trainer and contact person with German arms and munitions remained effectively in control 22 Pacariz participated in the Axis organized Operation Kugelblitz that started on 4 December 1943 23 In early 1944 Pacariz was appointed as command of all militia units in Milesevo srez including those of Husein Rovcanin 24 In 1944 Pacariz personally killed his unit commander Hamda Bajraktarevic during the meeting because of Bajraktarevic s attempts to create cooperation with partisans 25 In November 1944 after taking many losses from the Partizans Pacariz and together with his units retreated to Sarajevo where SS Polizei Selbstschutz Regiment Sandschak was put under command of Ustase General Maks Luburic Pacariz was promoted to the rank of Ustase Colonel Death editIn 1945 Pacariz was captured near Banja Luka where he was put on trial and found guilty for massacres of civilians He was executed as a war criminal 26 Pacariz is also commemorated in a song 27 References edit a b Milos Stojan 2004 Bleiburg i krizni put zlocin bez kazne Ogranak Matice hrvatske Livno Hrvatski informativni centar p 254 ISBN 978 953 6058 36 5 Prema imenu pukovnika ustaske vojnice Sulejmana efendije Pacariza Prcela John Guldescu Stanko 1995 Operation Slaughterhouse Dorrance Publishing Company Simpozijum seoski dani Sretena Vukosavljevica Opstinska zajednica obrazovanja 1982 p 107 Bojovic Jovan R Sibalic Mijusko 1979 Durmitorska partizanska republika materijali sa naucnog skupa odrzanog u Zabljaku 24 25 i 26 avgusta 1977 godine Istorijski in t SR Crne Gore p 382 Munoz Antonio J 2001 The east came west Muslim Hindu and Buddhist volunteers in the German armed forces 1941 1945 Axis Europa Books p 289 ISBN 978 1 891227 39 4 Milutin Zhivkoviћ NDH U SRBIЈI Ustashki rezhim u Priboјu Priјepoљu Novoј Varoshi i Sјenici april septembar 1941 Posledice ustashke uprave NDH i recidivi њene politike prema muslimanima Publishers DRUShTVO ISTORIChARA SRBIЈE STOЈAN NOVAKOVIЋ INSTITUT ZA SRPSKU KULTURU PRIShTINA LEPOSAVIЋ Belgrade 2017 p 290 Serbia Vojnoistorijski institut Belgrade 1969 Zbornik Dokumenta p 399 Radakovic Petko 1981 Muslimanska milicija u sluzbi okupatora Uzicka Republika Zapisi i secanja I in Serbian Uzice Muzej ustanka 1941 pp 660 661 Zhivkoviћ 2017 p 435 On јe sa druge strane Italiјanima u Priјepoљu priјavљivao chesto veћi broј boraca od onog koјi ga јe trenutno pratio a dopunska sledovaњa u hrani i plate oko 1 000 lira mesechno po milicaјcu uzimao za sebe Radakovic Petko 1981 Muslimanska milicija u sluzbi okupatora Uzicka Republika Zapisi i secanja I in Serbian Uzice Muzej ustanka 1941 pp 662 663 Zhivkoviћ 2017 p 407 Djurasinovic Kostja Vojin 1961 Stazama proleterskim Prosveta p 395 Cukovic Mirko 1964 Sandzak Nolit Prosveta p 253 Vujacic Rada 1975 Zene Srbije u NOB Nolit p 528 Radakovic Petko 1981 Muslimanska milicija u sluzbi okupatora Uzicka Republika Zapisi i secanja I in Serbian Uzice Muzej ustanka 1941 p 662 Radakovic Petko 1981 Muslimanska milicija u sluzbi okupatora Uzicka Republika Zapisi i secanja I in Serbian Uzice Muzej ustanka 1941 p 661 Zhivkoviћ 2017 p 452 Zhivkoviћ 2017 p 576 Zhivkoviћ 2017 p 784 785 Pajovic Radoje Zeljeznov Dusan Bozovic Branislav 1987 Pavle Đurisic Lovro Hacin Juraj Spiler Centar za informacije i publicitet p 245 ISBN 978 86 7125 006 1 Redzic Vuceta 2002 Građanski rat u Crnoj Gori Desavanja od sredine 1942 godine do sredine 1945 godine Stupovi p 61 The Moslem Militia and Legion of the Sandjak in Axis Europa Magazine Vol II III No 9 July August September 1996 pp 3 14 Milutin Zhivkoviћ NDH U SRBIЈI Ustashki rezhim u Priboјu Priјepoљu Novoј Varoshi i Sјenici april septembar 1941 Posledice ustashke uprave NDH i recidivi њene politike prema muslimanima Publishers DRUShTVO ISTORIChARA SRBIЈE STOЈAN NOVAKOVIЋ INSTITUT ZA SRPSKU KULTURU PRIShTINA LEPOSAVIЋ Belgrade 2017 p 293 Zhivkoviћ 2017 p 443 Zhivkoviћ 2017 p 439 Vojnoistorijski institut Belgrade Serbia 1958 Zbornik dokumenata i podataka o narodnooslobodilackom ratu naroda Jugoslavija Vojnoistorijski institut p 32 Etnografski institut Srpska akademija nauka iumetnosti 1960 Posebna izdanja Naucno delo p 28 Sources editZhivkoviћ Milutin D 2017 Sanџak 1941 1943 Filozofski Falultet Univerzitet u Beogradu External links editKAKO JE ZAVRSIO SULEJMAN HODZA PACARIZ Jedan od muslimanskih junaka Drugog svjetskog rata Archived 2014 04 27 at the Wayback Machine The end of Sulejman Hodza Pacariz one of Muslim heroes during the Second World War published in Croatian Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sulejman Pacariz amp oldid 1181419630, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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