During the Korean War, the dam was bombed by the United Nations Command three separate times in order to disrupt power generation for the North Koreans. At the time of its completion, the dam was the largest in Asia, and power station was third-largest (after Hoover Dam and Wilson Dam) hydroelectric power station in the world. It is still the largest hydroelectric power station on the Yalu (Korean: Amnok) River. Power produced at the dam's main 630 MW power station is evenly shared between China and North Korea.
Flooding of the dam's spillway while still under construction
In 1937, during Japan's colonization of Korea, the Yalu Hydroelectric Company was established and in the same year construction began on the dam, with the Pyeongbuk Railway opening a rail line in 1939 to assist with the construction.[1] In 1941, the dam was complete with two 100 MW generators operational, and the emperor of Manchukuo, Puyi, visited the dam.[2] Four more generators were later operational in 1943. The seventh generator was German-made and not delivered due to shipping difficulties during World War II. At the time of its completion, the dam was the largest in Asia and third largest in the world. Power from the dam was used throughout the Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria (Manchukuo at the time).[3][4] After World War II, in 1947, the Soviet Union occupied the area, and dismantled and carried three of the seven generators to the Irtysh River dam in Kazakhstan. They were later re-installed during the 1950s.[5]
The dam's power station and transformer yard were targeted by the United Nations Command three times during the Korean War in order to disrupt power supply. Between 23 and 24 June 1952, the dam was attacked by 250 bombers and fighters, dropping 90 tons of munitions on the power station, transformer yard and auxiliary facilities. The power station was destroyed but the dam left intact. After intelligence indicated it may have been partially operational again, the power station was again targeted and disabled on 12 September 1952 by B-29 bombers. By 1 February 1953, it was believed that two generators had been repaired and were operational once again. This resulted in a third raid on the dam on 15 February which left the power station inoperable once again.[5]
Repairs and renovationsedit
Throughout the dam's history, it underwent several renovations and repairs. Flooding in 1946 damaged the stilling basin at the toe of the dam and destroyed its spillway, requiring repairs the next year. Between September 1949 and April 1950, in a second repair, the spillway and plunge pool were renovated. Between 1955 and 1958, permanent post-war repairs were made to the dam and power station. The generators removed by the Soviets were replaced and the installed capacity of the power station upgraded to 630 MW.[6] In 1983, China began constructing an additional power station just downstream of the dam on their side of the river with two 67.5 MW generators. The first was commissioned in 1987 and the second in 1988.[7] The most recent renovation occurred between 2009 and 2011 in order to improve the function of the dam's spillways. The US$24.5 million renovation was funded by State Grid Corporation of China.[8]
Designedit
The dam seen from a satellite.
The Supung is a 106 m (348 ft) tall and 899.5 m (2,951 ft) long concrete gravity dam with a crest elevation of 126.4 m (415 ft). The dam's spillway consists of 26 sluice gates with a maximum discharge capacity of 37,650 m3/s (1,329,597 cu ft/s). An auxiliary spillway 1.7 km (1 mi) north of the dam consists of 16 sluice gates and has a maximum discharge capacity of 17,046 m3/s (601,974 cu ft/s). The dam's reservoir has a capacity of 14,600,000,000 m3 (11,836,413 acre⋅ft) of which 7,900,000,000 m3 (6,404,634 acre⋅ft) is active (or "useful") for power generation. The dam sits at the head of a 52,912 km2 (20,429 sq mi) catchment area and its reservoir has a surface area of 274 km2 (106 sq mi). The original power station at the base of the dam contains six 105 MW Francis turbine-generators which are afforded an average hydraulic head of 77 m (253 ft).[6][9] The additional power station on China's side contains two 67.5 MW Francis turbine generators. The total installed capacity of the dam's power stations is 765 MW.[7]
^Rees, David (2001). Korea: An Illustrated History from Ancient Times to 1945. Hippocrene Books. pp. 131. ISBN0-7818-0873-1. Supung Dam Yalu 1937.
^K. Armstrong, Charles; Samuel S. Kim; Stephen Kotkin (2005). Korea at the Center: Dynamics of Regionalism in Northeast Asia. M.E. Sharpe. p. 95. ISBN0-7656-1656-4.
^ abStewart, James T., ed. (1980). Airpower. New York: Arno Press. p. 129. ISBN0-405-12204-7.
^ abKai, Yu (1998). "Shuifeng dam design review comments" (PDF) (in Chinese). Northeast Changchun: Ministry of Water Resources Survey. Retrieved 27 August 2011.
^ ab (in Chinese). Sino Hydro. Archived from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 27 August 2011.
^. Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved 27 August 2011.
^"Hydraulic structure Shuifeng Dam" (in Chinese). Weipu Academic. Archived from the original on 9 July 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2011.
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January 01, 1970
also, supung, lake, traditional, chinese, 水豐水庫, simplified, chinese, 水丰水库, korean, 수풍댐, 水豊댐, also, referred, shuifeng, originally, suihō, gravity, yalu, river, between, kuandian, manchu, autonomous, county, liaoning, province, china, sakju, county, north, pyon. See also Supung Lake The Sup ung Dam traditional Chinese 水豐水庫 simplified Chinese 水丰水库 Korean 수풍댐 水豊댐 also referred to as the Shuifeng Dam and originally the Suihō Dam is a gravity dam on the Yalu River between Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County Liaoning Province in China and Sakju County North Pyongan Province in North Korea The dam was constructed by the Japanese between 1937 and 1943 in order to generate electricity and has been repaired and renovated several times throughout the years mainly due to spillway damage from flooding Sup ung DamLocation of Sup ung Dam in ChinaShow map of ChinaSup ung Dam North Korea Show map of North KoreaCountryChina North KoreaLocationLiaoning Province North Pyongan Coordinates40 27 43 N 124 57 45 E 40 46194 N 124 96250 E 40 46194 124 96250StatusOperationalConstruction began1937Opening date1943Dam and spillwaysType of damGravityHeight106 m 348 ft Length899 5 m 2 951 ft Elevation at crest126 4 m 415 ft Spillway typeMain 26 x sluice gatesAuxiliary 16 x sluice gatesSpillway capacityMain 37 650 m3 s 1 329 597 cu ft s Auxiliary 17 046 m3 s 601 974 cu ft s ReservoirCreatesSupung LakeTotal capacity14 600 000 000 m3 11 836 413 acre ft Active capacity7 900 000 000 m3 6 404 634 acre ft Inactive capacity4 180 000 000 m3 3 388 781 acre ft Catchment area52 912 km2 20 429 sq mi Surface area274 km2 106 sq mi Normal elevation123 m 404 ft Power StationOperator s Korea China Hydroelectric CoCommission date1941Hydraulic head77 m 253 ft Turbines6 x 105 MW Francis type2 x 67 5 MW Francis typeInstalled capacity765 MW During the Korean War the dam was bombed by the United Nations Command three separate times in order to disrupt power generation for the North Koreans At the time of its completion the dam was the largest in Asia and power station was third largest after Hoover Dam and Wilson Dam hydroelectric power station in the world It is still the largest hydroelectric power station on the Yalu Korean Amnok River Power produced at the dam s main 630 MW power station is evenly shared between China and North Korea The dam is featured on the national emblem of North Korea Contents 1 Background 1 1 Korean War attacks 1 2 Repairs and renovations 2 Design 3 See also 4 ReferencesBackground edit nbsp Flooding of the dam s spillway while still under construction In 1937 during Japan s colonization of Korea the Yalu Hydroelectric Company was established and in the same year construction began on the dam with the Pyeongbuk Railway opening a rail line in 1939 to assist with the construction 1 In 1941 the dam was complete with two 100 MW generators operational and the emperor of Manchukuo Puyi visited the dam 2 Four more generators were later operational in 1943 The seventh generator was German made and not delivered due to shipping difficulties during World War II At the time of its completion the dam was the largest in Asia and third largest in the world Power from the dam was used throughout the Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria Manchukuo at the time 3 4 After World War II in 1947 the Soviet Union occupied the area and dismantled and carried three of the seven generators to the Irtysh River dam in Kazakhstan They were later re installed during the 1950s 5 Korean War attacks edit Main article Attack on the Sui ho Dam The dam s power station and transformer yard were targeted by the United Nations Command three times during the Korean War in order to disrupt power supply Between 23 and 24 June 1952 the dam was attacked by 250 bombers and fighters dropping 90 tons of munitions on the power station transformer yard and auxiliary facilities The power station was destroyed but the dam left intact After intelligence indicated it may have been partially operational again the power station was again targeted and disabled on 12 September 1952 by B 29 bombers By 1 February 1953 it was believed that two generators had been repaired and were operational once again This resulted in a third raid on the dam on 15 February which left the power station inoperable once again 5 Repairs and renovations edit Throughout the dam s history it underwent several renovations and repairs Flooding in 1946 damaged the stilling basin at the toe of the dam and destroyed its spillway requiring repairs the next year Between September 1949 and April 1950 in a second repair the spillway and plunge pool were renovated Between 1955 and 1958 permanent post war repairs were made to the dam and power station The generators removed by the Soviets were replaced and the installed capacity of the power station upgraded to 630 MW 6 In 1983 China began constructing an additional power station just downstream of the dam on their side of the river with two 67 5 MW generators The first was commissioned in 1987 and the second in 1988 7 The most recent renovation occurred between 2009 and 2011 in order to improve the function of the dam s spillways The US 24 5 million renovation was funded by State Grid Corporation of China 8 Design edit nbsp The dam seen from a satellite The Supung is a 106 m 348 ft tall and 899 5 m 2 951 ft long concrete gravity dam with a crest elevation of 126 4 m 415 ft The dam s spillway consists of 26 sluice gates with a maximum discharge capacity of 37 650 m3 s 1 329 597 cu ft s An auxiliary spillway 1 7 km 1 mi north of the dam consists of 16 sluice gates and has a maximum discharge capacity of 17 046 m3 s 601 974 cu ft s The dam s reservoir has a capacity of 14 600 000 000 m3 11 836 413 acre ft of which 7 900 000 000 m3 6 404 634 acre ft is active or useful for power generation The dam sits at the head of a 52 912 km2 20 429 sq mi catchment area and its reservoir has a surface area of 274 km2 106 sq mi The original power station at the base of the dam contains six 105 MW Francis turbine generators which are afforded an average hydraulic head of 77 m 253 ft 6 9 The additional power station on China s side contains two 67 5 MW Francis turbine generators The total installed capacity of the dam s power stations is 765 MW 7 See also edit nbsp China portal nbsp North Korea portal nbsp Water portal nbsp Renewable energy portal List of dams and reservoirs in China Emblem of North Korea Hwacheon DamReferences edit 朝鮮總督府官報 The Public Journal of the Governor General of Korea Shōwa Nr 3813 3 October 1939 Kokubu Hayato 将軍様の鉄道 Shōgun sama no Tetsudō ISBN 978 4 10 303731 6 Rees David 2001 Korea An Illustrated History from Ancient Times to 1945 Hippocrene Books pp 131 ISBN 0 7818 0873 1 Supung Dam Yalu 1937 K Armstrong Charles Samuel S Kim Stephen Kotkin 2005 Korea at the Center Dynamics of Regionalism in Northeast Asia M E Sharpe p 95 ISBN 0 7656 1656 4 a b Stewart James T ed 1980 Airpower New York Arno Press p 129 ISBN 0 405 12204 7 a b Kai Yu 1998 Shuifeng dam design review comments PDF in Chinese Northeast Changchun Ministry of Water Resources Survey Retrieved 27 August 2011 a b Supung station before restoration Details in Chinese Sino Hydro Archived from the original on 5 October 2011 Retrieved 27 August 2011 China completes renovation of hydropower station on river bordering DPRK Xinhua News Agency Archived from the original on July 16 2011 Retrieved 27 August 2011 Hydraulic structure Shuifeng Dam in Chinese Weipu Academic Archived from the original on 9 July 2012 Retrieved 27 August 2011 nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Supung Dam Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sup 27ung Dam amp oldid 1210103186, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
