A subependymoma is a type of brain tumor; specifically, it is a rare form of ependymal tumor.[1] They are usually in middle aged people. Earlier, they were called subependymal astrocytomas.[2]
Subependymoma
Micrograph of a subependymoma showing the characteristic clustering of nuclei. H&E stain.
The prognosis for a subependymoma is better than for most ependymal tumors,[3] and it is considered a grade I tumor in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification.
They are classically found within the fourth ventricle, typically have a well demarcated interface to normal tissue and do not usually extend into the brain parenchyma, like ependymomas often do.[4]
Subependymomas of the fourth ventricle, extending into the cerebellopontine angle via the foramen of Luschka, right side of illustration.
Patients are often asymptomatic, and are incidentally diagnosed. Larger tumours are often with increased intracranial pressure.[2]
Pathologyedit
These tumours are small, no more than two centimeters across, coming from the ependyma. The best way to distinguish it from a subependymal giant cell astrocytoma is the size.[2]
Diagnosisedit
The diagnosis is based on tissue, e.g. a biopsy. Histologically subependymomas consistent of microcystic spaces and bland appearing cells without appreciable nuclear atypia or mitoses. The nuclei tend to form clusters.[citation needed]
On a CT, it often shows a less dense to equally dense mass. If it is big, it may have parts that are cystic or calcific.[2] In 50-60% of cases, the tumor is in the fourth ventricle, while the second most common (30-40% of cases) location is the side ventricles. It is rare for it to be in the third ventricle or the central canal of the spinal cord.[2]
Treatmentedit
Asymptomatic cases may only need watchful waiting. If symptomatic, it can be surgically removed, and partial removal also carries an excellent prognosis.[2]
^Prayson RA, Suh JH (April 1999). "Subependymomas: clinicopathologic study of 14 tumors, including comparative MIB-1 immunohistochemical analysis with other ependymal neoplasms". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 123 (4): 306–309. doi:10.5858/1999-123-0306-S. PMID 10320142.
^Hoeffel C, Boukobza M, Polivka M, Lot G, Guichard JP, Lafitte F, et al. (1995). "MR manifestations of subependymomas". AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 16 (10): 2121–2129. PMID 8585504.
External linksedit
January 01, 1970
subependymoma, subependymoma, type, brain, tumor, specifically, rare, form, ependymal, tumor, they, usually, middle, aged, people, earlier, they, were, called, subependymal, astrocytomas, micrograph, subependymoma, showing, characteristic, clustering, nuclei, . A subependymoma is a type of brain tumor specifically it is a rare form of ependymal tumor 1 They are usually in middle aged people Earlier they were called subependymal astrocytomas 2 SubependymomaMicrograph of a subependymoma showing the characteristic clustering of nuclei H amp E stain SpecialtyNeoplasms Neuro oncology The prognosis for a subependymoma is better than for most ependymal tumors 3 and it is considered a grade I tumor in the World Health Organization WHO classification They are classically found within the fourth ventricle typically have a well demarcated interface to normal tissue and do not usually extend into the brain parenchyma like ependymomas often do 4 Contents 1 Symptoms and signs 2 Pathology 3 Diagnosis 4 Treatment 5 Prognosis 6 References 7 External linksSymptoms and signs edit nbsp Subependymomas of the fourth ventricle extending into the cerebellopontine angle via the foramen of Luschka right side of illustration Patients are often asymptomatic and are incidentally diagnosed Larger tumours are often with increased intracranial pressure 2 Pathology editThese tumours are small no more than two centimeters across coming from the ependyma The best way to distinguish it from a subependymal giant cell astrocytoma is the size 2 Diagnosis editThe diagnosis is based on tissue e g a biopsy Histologically subependymomas consistent of microcystic spaces and bland appearing cells without appreciable nuclear atypia or mitoses The nuclei tend to form clusters citation needed On a CT it often shows a less dense to equally dense mass If it is big it may have parts that are cystic or calcific 2 In 50 60 of cases the tumor is in the fourth ventricle while the second most common 30 40 of cases location is the side ventricles It is rare for it to be in the third ventricle or the central canal of the spinal cord 2 Treatment editAsymptomatic cases may only need watchful waiting If symptomatic it can be surgically removed and partial removal also carries an excellent prognosis 2 Prognosis editThe outlook of a cure is extremely favorable 2 References edit Orakcioglu B Schramm P Kohlhof P Aschoff A Unterberg A Halatsch ME January 2009 Characteristics of thoracolumbar intramedullary subependymomas Journal of Neurosurgery Spine 10 1 54 59 doi 10 3171 2008 10 SPI08311 PMID 19119934 a b c d e f g Gaillard Frank Subependymoma Radiology Reference Article Radiopaedia org radiopaedia org Retrieved 2018 04 15 Prayson RA Suh JH April 1999 Subependymomas clinicopathologic study of 14 tumors including comparative MIB 1 immunohistochemical analysis with other ependymal neoplasms Archives of Pathology amp Laboratory Medicine 123 4 306 309 doi 10 5858 1999 123 0306 S PMID 10320142 Hoeffel C Boukobza M Polivka M Lot G Guichard JP Lafitte F et al 1995 MR manifestations of subependymomas AJNR American Journal of Neuroradiology 16 10 2121 2129 PMID 8585504 External links edit Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Subependymoma amp oldid 1062478789, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
